小波模拟CSF加权的失真图像质量评价

提出一种基于小波变换模拟对比敏感度(CSF)特性的加权结构相似度(W-MSSIM)评价方法.采用表达直观、计算简便的结构相似度(SSIM)模型替代模拟人眼视觉因素的各种公式,利用不同空间频带的小波系数进行对比敏感度特性加权,从而分别对被测试图像和参考图像提取出人眼感兴趣的中高频信息,然后进行结构相似度对比,以克服SSIM方法不能对失真图像有效评价的缺陷.经过实验验证,该方法的评价结果与HVSNR和ESSIM方法相比更符合主观评价.     

考虑人眼视觉特性的射线检测数字图像质量评价方法

针对增强处理后图像的客观评价值和主观评价值不一致的问题,提出了一种基于人眼视觉特性的图像质量评价方法.通过分析人眼视觉系统的感应特性,给出了位置影响因子、细节影响因子和灰度影响因子的定义,综合这些影响因子后得到了基于人眼视觉的质量影响权值.采用该权值对图像失真敏感度、失真度、信息熵增量和结构相似度等客观评价指标进行重构,并对各重构后的客观评价指标进行综合,得到了图像评价的综合指标.实验结果表明,该方法的线性相关系数比峰值信噪比和结构相似度分别提升了80.02％和78.85％,绝对误差均值比峰值信噪比和结构相似度分别提升了3.96％和7.96倍,均方根比峰值信噪比和结构相似度提升了6.45％和8.37倍,Spearman等级相关系数比峰值信噪比和结构相似度分别提高了1.01倍和1.69倍,表明该方法的评价正确性高、单调性最优,因此更适合于对射线检测数字图像的质量评价.     

小波域结构相似度图像质量评价

针对结构相似度模型在模糊图像以及低位率压缩降质图像评价中存在的不足,提出一种基于小波域结构相似度的图像质量评价(WDSSIM)算法. 该算法将整幅图像划分成具有不同尺度和频率特征的子带图像,比较原始图像和失真图像的子带图像之间的结构相似度,并依据视觉系统对于不同频率特征失真敏感程度进行加权. 实验结果分析表明,WDSSIM算法对于更广泛一类的图像评价与主观感受保持较好的一致性.     

基于小波包分解的无参考立体图像质量评价

立体图像质量评价在立体图像处理领域中应用广泛.基于小波包分解的精细分辨率,提出了一种全新的无参考立体图像质量评价算法.选取合值图和差值图作为融合图来评估立体图像,首先,对立体图像对进行小波包分解,基于双眼竞争和双眼抑制原理,将分解后的左右视图进行融合得到合值图和差值图.然后,分别在融合图上提取自然场景统计(NSS)特征和信息熵;另外,考虑到左右视图之间的内在相关联系,提取结构相似度特征.最后,运用支持向量回归(SVR)来建立感知特征和主观分数模型并预测得到客观评价分数.采用该算法在LIVE 3D立体图像数据库上进行测试,实验结果表明,该算法与人眼主观评价结果一致性较高,优于当前主流的立体图像质量评价算法,符合人眼视觉感知特性.     

立体视频质量客观评价方法研究

提出1种部分参考立体视频质量评价方法.首先,在立体视频传输系统的发送端提取参考立体视频的特征信息,将其通过无损的辅助信道传输;然后,在接收端计算失真立体视频的局部结构相似度以及清晰度,并结合运动权重得到立体视频的全局质量结构相似度指标、清晰度指标和深度结构相似度指标;最后,通过回归分析,赋予各指标不同的权重,从而建立部分参考立体视频质量客观评价模型.实验结果表明,所提立体视频质量客观评价模型与主观实验结果具有很好的一致性,而且符合人眼视觉特性,为立体视频领域的发展提供了新的理论依据.     

基于块分类的图像加权结构相似度

图像质量评价方法用来评价图像质量或图像处理算法的优劣,在图像处理领域至关重要。Zhou Wang等人提出的结构相似度图像质量评价方法,具有计算简单、性能优越的特性。但其不足之一是没有区别对待图像的边缘块,细节块和平滑块,仅简单地取子块结构相似度（SSIM）的平均值而得到整幅图像的平均结构相似度MSSIM。基于此,本文提出了一种基于图像块分类的加权平均结构相似度（WSSIM）的图像质量评价算法,并进行了大量的仿真实验,实验结果证明,本文所提算法明显比MSSIM更加符合人眼视觉系统特性（HVS）。     

一种失真模糊图像的无参考质量评价方法

针对现有的无参考质量评价方法对失真模糊图像不能有效评价这一现象,提出了一种针对失真模糊图像的无参考质量评价方法。该方法将结构相似度(structural Similarity,SSIM)全参考质量评价方法应用到无参考质量评价中,不仅扩宽了SSIM方法的应用范围,也解决了SSIM方法不能合理评价模糊图像质量这一缺陷。首先对失真模糊图像进行低通滤波得到参考图像,计算失真图像与参考图像的结构相似度;然后提取图像的纹理特征,计算失真图像与参考图像的纹理相似度;最后将这两个相似度指标作为输入,LIVE图像数据库提供的主观评价值(different mean objective score,DMOS)作为输出,建立一个[29 1]单隐层BP(back propagation)神经网络预测模型。实验结果表明,方法的预测结果稳定且与人的主观评价分数偏差小,Pearson相关系数(correlation coefficient,CC)和Spearman等级相关系数(rank order correlation coefficient,ROCC)均达到了0.97以上。     

基于奇异值分解的无参考立体图像质量评价

针对非对称失真立体图像,提出了一种基于奇异值分解的无参考评价算法.该方法首先考虑人眼对空间频率变化敏感的特性和双目融合特性,对立体图像进行Gabor滤波,基于奇异值分解的融合策略生成融合图.然后,采用亮度加权直方图的局部二值模式算法分别对融合图、左右子图像提取特征,并将左右子图像的特征向量融合、采用欧几里得距离和夹角余弦进行向量之间的比较;为度量非对称失真差异,利用图像相似度算法计算左右子图像之间的相似性.最后,将融合图的特征向量、子图像的融合及比较特征向量、子图像的相似度特征向量级联,利用支持向量回归(SVR)算法完成特征到主观质量分数的回归映射.在LIVE3DⅡ、Waterloo-IVCⅠ和Waterloo-IVCⅡ立体图像库上对本算法进行测试.实验结果表明,本算法性能良好,优于目前主流的立体图像质量评价算法.     

基于频域的结构相似度的图像质量评价方法

基于结构相似度信息(SSIM)的图像质量评价方法结构简单、评价性能优于峰值信噪比(PSNR),但是在研究中发现SSIM不能很好地评价严重模糊的图像。该文提出一种基于频域的结构相似度(FSSIM)的图像质量评价方法。该方法将频域信息作为图像的主要结构信息,根据人眼视觉系统(HVS)对不同频率分量的敏感程度不同,对离散余弦变换后的各频率分量加权后得到图像的频域函数。由频域函数、亮度函数和对比度函数计算得到结构相似度。实验结果表明,FSSIM比SSIM和PSNR更符合人眼视觉系统特性,能较好的评价图像质量。     

基于频域的结构相似度的图像质量评价方法

基于结构相似度信息(SSIM)的图像质量评价方法结构简单、评价性能优于峰值信噪比(PSNR),但是在研究中发现SSIM不能很好地评价严重模糊的图像。该文提出一种基于频域的结构相似度(FSSIM)的图像质量评价方法。该方法将频域信息作为图像的主要结构信息,根据人眼视觉系统(HVS)对不同频率分量的敏感程度不同,对离散余弦变换后的各频率分量加权后得到图像的频域函数。由频域函数、亮度函数和对比度函数计算得到结构相似度。实验结果表明,FSSIM比SSIM和PSNR更符合人眼视觉系统特性,能较好的评价图像质量。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-