钟形进水流道蜗形吸水室的设计方法

为了完善钟形进水流道蜗形吸水室的设计方法,分别采用Vu=const、Vur=const两种方法设计了南水北调东线工程某泵站钟形进水流道的蜗形吸水室,并基于Reynolds平均的Navier-Stokes方程和标准的k-ε紊流模型,用SIMPLEC算法数值模拟了两种吸水室的内部流场,在流场数值模拟的基础上对上述两种设计方法进行了对比研究.结果表明:上述两种不同的设计方法形成的蜗形吸水室速度场和出口速度均匀度差别较小,综合考虑设计繁简度,采用Vu=const的设计方法稍好一些.     

喷水推进器进水流道参数化设计与应用

为了优质高效地设计喷水推进器的进水流道,使其流体动力性能综合兼优,提出了喷水推进器进水流道的一种参数化设计方法.该方法将进水流道的三维几何结构用16个相互关联的参数来描述和构建.流道背部与船体的交界区域以及流道的唇部等流动复杂的区域采用贝塞尔曲线构建.调整16个参数中任一参数的值,其他参数能够根据参数间的关联性自动变化,为快速、灵活、精确地构建和修改进水流道几何结构创造了条件.参数化方法设计的进水流道的综合流体动力性能采用计算流体力学方法进行数值计算,并根据分析结果有针对性地进行流道结构的再调整.将流道几何的参数化建模与流体动力性能的数值计算联合使用能够实现综合流体动力性能优良的进水流道的快速设计.该参数化设计方法用于某喷水推进艇进水流道改进设计时取得了良好效果.     

大型低扬程泵站钟形进水流道高度研究

为分析钟形进水流道高度对流道性能的影响,利用Fluent软件求解雷诺平均N-S方程和标准κ-ε双方程湍流模型,模拟计算了3个钟形进水流道的内流场,同时进行水工模型试验,获得大量流场数据.通过对数值模拟和模型试验的对比分析得到以下结论:经过适当优化,流道高度H和喇叭管悬空高度h2可以大幅度降低,当H/D≤1.0,h2/H≤0.35时,泵站仍可具有良好的经济技术指标.     

浅谈水泵站进出水流道改造与技术设计

为深入认识与该泵站出水流道水力设计有关的水力学问题,本文采用三维紊流数值模拟的方法,对该泵站出水流道内的流态进行分析研究,并在此基础上应用簸箕形进水流道方案较好流道的三维优化水力设计方法。     

旋转辊差异化非直流道设计与多目标优化方法

为提高平面流铸冷却辊内水流更新速率,在流道内流体微团力学分析基础上,提出一种进、出水面采用不同旋向肋道的差异化非直流道结构,并基于Bezier曲线对肋道型线与厚度进行参数化表达;针对多变量、多参数优化过程中求解效率低的问题,采用拉丁超立方抽样获取样本点,通过数值计算获得样本点性能参数,然后,基于熵权层次分析法获得流道换热效率综合性能指标,进一步采用BP神经网络预测与遗传算法优化相结合的方法进行寻优。研究结果表明：进水面采用旋向即与冷却辊转向相反的肋道、出水面采用旋向即与冷却辊转向相同的肋道可明显减小流道涡旋现象,提高水流更新速率;所提出的参数化建模与优化方法在应用于多变量、多参数优化时具有较高的求解效率;在同等条件下,相比于传统散射直流道和优化前流道,优化后流道的流量分别提升25.0%和5.6%,达到了提高水流更新速率的目的。     

泵站簸箕型进水流道水力特性试验及数值模拟

对一经优化设计的泵站簸箕型进水流道制作了水力模型,测试其水力损失;采用雷诺平均纳维斯托克斯方程(RAN S)和标准k-ε湍流模型,运用S IM PLEC算法,对流道内部流场进行了三维湍流数值模拟,揭示了流道内水流的流态和特征断面的速度分布规律.试验和数值分析结果表明,所设计的簸箕型进水流道内无漩涡,流态良好,水力损失小,水泵进口速度分布均匀,加权平均入流角接近90.°     

进水流道对立式混流泵装置能量特性的影响

采用计算流体力学方法，对三个不同的进水流道设计方案所组成的立式混流泵装置进行了内流数值模拟．在分析进水流道基本流态的基础上，对进水流道出口水流条件以及水泵装置能量特性进行了定量计算．数值计算结果表明，水泵的设计进水条件与水泵装置中的水泵进水条件存在明显差异，进水流道水力设计对立式混流泵装置的能量特性有显著的影响，工程设计中应重视进水流道的选型以及进水流道与水泵性能最佳匹配的研究．进水流道水力设计优化可有效地改善进水流道出口流态，确保水泵有良好的进水条件，大幅度提高水泵装置效率。     

转速对贯流泵装置流道水力参数影响的数值分析

为了研究贯流泵装置进出水流道水力性能受转速的影响规律,以贯流泵装置为研究对象进行全流道的数值计算,通过将能量性能数值预测结果与物理模型试验结果对比,验证了数值模拟结果的有效性。在考虑水泵与进出水流道内流相互影响条件下定量分析转速对进出水流道水力性能参数的影响规律。结果表明:(a)不同转速时进水流道水力损失比与流量系数的关系曲线变化趋势基本相同。相同转速时,随着流量系数的增大,进水流道水力效率逐渐减小,流道出口环量先减小、后增大;相同流量系数时,进水流道出口面的平均环量随转速的增加而增加。(b)不同转速时,随着流量系数的增大,出水流道进口入流涡角相对值先减小、后增大。在相同流量系数时,随着转速的增加,出水流道的静圧比逐渐增加,出水流道进口面的偏流角分布基本相同。     

平进口喷水推进器进水流道多目标优化设计

为了提高喷水推进器进水流道的水力性能并考虑空化性能,以水力效率、出流不均匀度和垂直度为优化目标,以进水流道内压力最小值为约束条件,对平进口式进水流道开展了多目标优化设计.采用参数化设计方法对进水流道进行三维建模,通过优化拉丁超立方试验设计方法生成75组样本,通过Kriging模型建立了设计变量与优化目标之间的近似模型,采用NSGA-II(改进的非支配排序遗传)算法在设计空间内进行全局寻优.敏感度分析结果表明:流道进口长度、水平直管段长度、下侧倾斜直管段的长度对优化目标的影响最大.与初始设计相比,在进速比为0.7时,优化后进水流道的不均匀度为0.188、垂直度为87.84°、水力效率为94.58%;优化后的进水流道对不同进速比都具有较好的适应性.     

某泵站全流道CFD仿真及流道改造研究

为了使进出水流态稳定,减少出水流道水力损失,使用三维模拟软件Fluent,采用RNG k-ε模型对某城市排涝泵站全流道进行数值模拟仿真;针对泵站前池水流流态不稳,影响进水流道水流状态,出水流道流态不稳且水力损失较大等问题,对前池尺寸以及出水流道形式进行优化,并对优化方案进行仿真。优化前、后方案的仿真结果表明,前池的水流流态得到改善,出水流道水流流态得到改善,水力损失减小。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.