基于匹配分布和混合高斯模型的车辆检测算法

为解决高斯混合模型GMM（Gaussian Mixture Model）在车辆检测中存在的车辆断裂等问题, 提出了一种基于匹配度分布的混合高斯车辆检测算法。该算法采用c均值聚类法计算混合高斯模型初始值, 得到初步的背景模型； 匹配度分布的提出充分考虑了背景变化的时间性和空间性的特性； 根据前几帧检测结果得到每个点的匹配度分布, 对当前图片改变背景学习的规则, 去除了干扰, 适应了背景的变化。实验结果表明, 该算法较传统的混合高斯检测方法检测率平均提高16%以上, 使背景也更稳定和准确, 克服了车辆检测的断裂以及光照突变等问题, 提高了车辆区域检测的准确性。     

基于改进的自适应混合高斯背景模型的车辆检测方法

针对静止摄像机条件下运动车辆的检测问题,提出一种改进的自适应混合高斯背景模型的方法.该方法初始时通过三帧差分法判断运动目标所在区域,运用提出的区域背景更新算法生成初始背景图像,然后在Stauffer等人提出的自适应混合高斯背景模型的基础上融入帧间差分和背景差分相结合的方法用于判定运动目标区域和背景区域,通过对背景区域和运动目标区域设置不同的学习率来更新背景模型,提高了模型的收敛速度.实验结果表明,同传统检测方法相比,改进的算法能较快地初始化背景模型并能有效地检测出运动车辆,有较强的鲁棒性和较好的自适应能力.     

基于感兴趣区域AdaBoost分类器的视频车辆检测研究

近年来基于视频的车辆自动检测作为城市智能交通系统的一项重要技术一直受到关注.针对AdaBoost分类器目标检测所存在的漏检、误检和计算量过大等问题,提出一种基于混合高斯模型运动区域提取和Haar-like特征的AdaBoost级联分类器的交通视频车辆检测算法,首先通过建立混合高斯模型对运动目标的总体区域进行检测,进而提取基于车辆运动的感兴趣区域,再对其进行基于Haar-like特征的区域AdaBoost级联分类,实现对运动车辆的检测.由于采用了基于运动区域提取和分类相结合的检测模式,通过混合高斯背景模型较准确的提取出ROI作为车辆的候选区域,约束了每帧的搜索区域,使AdaBoost分类器的目标检测更具针对性,提高了检测的准确性,降低了漏检率;同时也减少了分类算法滑动窗口扫描所需要的时间,提高了检测速度.实验结果验证了所提出算法对复杂交通环境车辆检测的适应性和有效性.     

智能视频监控中的一种快速运动目标检测方法

为解决现有视频监控系统中目标检测算法无法应付复杂的环境且计算量较大等问题,结合背景模型算法和帧间差分的优点,对混合高斯背景方法和帧间差分进行改进,提出一种基于混合高斯模型背景法和混合差分相结合的运动目标检测改进算法.利用分块思想进行高斯背景建模,利用多帧差分实现混合差分,既能得到较高的灵敏度又能进一步提高检测效果和速度.通过实验证明该算法的可靠性和实时性.     

带种子补偿的时空背景差分高速公路车辆检测算法研究

提出一种带种子补偿的时空背景差分高速公路车辆检测算法.由于高速公路场景的特殊性,首先基于混合高斯模型的背景差分、相邻帧差法以及邻域背景差分法的结合消除光照变化、场景扰动对检测结果的影响;然后通过基于HSV颜色空间的阴影消除判断并消除被误检为车辆的阴影;最后通过跟踪种子补偿去除差分方法造成的空洞.实验验证,论文提出的方法能有效去除光照变化、阴影等环境因素的影响,提高车辆检测的准确度和识别率.     

基于高斯混合模型和卡尔曼滤波的车辆检测与跟踪方法

提出一种改进的车辆检测与跟踪方法。在目标检测阶段,针对传统高斯混合建模算法对环境变化适应能力较差的问题,设计一个环境变化判断因子,据此进行高斯混合模型更新率的自动切换;在车辆跟踪阶段,为提高跟踪精度和跟踪效率,引入卡尔曼滤波并设计了跟踪列表进行单目标和多目标的跟踪。实验表明,该方法对光照突变有较好的适应性,能实现车辆的有效检测与跟踪。     

基于改进混合高斯模型的交通流背景检测算法

针对交通流视频中道路背景像素较为统一的特点,提出一种基于时空信息的双混合高斯模型背景检测算法.该算法先构造像素时间域混合高斯模型进行时间域的检测,并采用双重阈值分别判断前景与背景.当某像素无法准确判断时,针对该像素邻域构造空间域混合高斯模型,以空间域的检测结果代替时间域的检测.通过不同的交通流视频中的测试和比较,验证了所提出的算法能有效地融合像素自身的时间信息与像素间的空间信息,提高了检测初始阶段的鲁棒性,同时有效地解决了出现停车现象时的误检测问题.     

基于改进高斯混合模型和卡尔曼滤波的车辆检测与跟踪

提出一种基于改进高斯混合模型和卡尔曼滤波的车辆检测与跟踪方法.该方法在车辆检测阶段,为了解决传统高斯混合模型对运动目标速度变化自适应能力较差的问题,通过定义运动目标速率因子,给出一种模型学习率自适应更新策略,对传统高斯混合模型进行了改进,并用以实现车辆检测;在车辆跟踪阶段,通过建立一个适用于视频目标跟踪的卡尔曼滤波系统,并以车辆检测阶段输出的车辆质心为该卡尔曼滤波系统的量测值,实现了选定车辆目标的跟踪.实验结果表明,该方法车辆检测与跟踪效果良好,能满足实际交通监控系统的需求.     

基于三帧差分混合高斯背景模型运动目标检测

针对混合高斯背景模型运动目标检测的光照突变误检以及突然运动目标的“鬼影”问题,提出了一种基于三帧差分的混合高斯背景模型运动目标检测算法。通过图像前景检测比例判断光照是否发生突变,利用三帧差分法对图像的背景区域、运动区域和背景显露区域进行划分,并根据光照情况及时改变各区域的学习率以调节混合高斯模型背景迅速更新,设计了基于三帧差分的学习率自适应混合高斯模型背景更新的方法。该方法使光照突变及目标突然运动后产生的新的背景模型得到迅速更新,从而改善这两种情况下运动目标检测效果。实验结果表明,该算法避免了光照突变时的大面积误检现象,并且同时解决了突然运动目标的“鬼影”问题。     

一种混合高斯背景模型下的像素分类运动目标检测方法

运动目标检测在智能视频监控、人机交互、目标导航等诸多领域有着广泛应用.背景减法是运动目标检测中应用较广泛的一种方法.在该方法中,背景建模和阈值化分割是最重要的步骤,直接决定了检测效果的好坏.当目标本身变化比较大时,若利用传统的基于全局阈值的分割法,分割效果并不理想.针对基于全局阈值分割差分图像存在的问题,本文提出了一种基于混合高斯背景模型的像素分类运动目标检测方法.该方法首先利用混合高斯模型对背景建模,克服了场景变化等因素带来的影响;其次,利用背景减法得到差分图像并对像素进行分类,最后对分类后的像素集分别进行阈值化分割,得到前景目标.实验结果表明,与传统的基于全局阈值的分割法相比,本文算法能够获得更好的检测效果和鲁棒性.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-