职业技能大赛对《转炉炼钢生产》课程内容设计的研究

2010—2016年间,共举办七次全国冶金类高职院校"转炉炼钢工"职业技能大赛。根据大赛考核内容作为指导,该文主要对《转炉炼钢生产》课程内容进行设计,内容大体分9个部分:转炉炼钢工作主要工作内容、转炉炼钢岗位工作内容和工作职责、转炉炼钢原料、转炉炼钢基本任务、转炉炼钢工艺制度、炉衬维护、Q235B钢物料平衡与热平衡计算、转炉炼钢仿真模拟操作、常见钢种冶炼标准:Q235B钢、Q195钢、16Mn钢的冶炼标准。以此指导冶金技术专业《转炉炼钢生产》课程"教与学"工作。     

武钢二炼钢50吨氧气顶吹转炉供氧制度的水力学模型研究

一、引言氧气顶吹转炉炼钢的冶金过程与氧枪设计以及供氧制度(供氧压力和氧枪高度)有很大关系。要达到预期的冶金效果,除了有一支设计合理的氧枪外还取决于氧枪的使用是否合理。为了给二炼钢转炉操作制订供氧制度提供参考数据,我们以二炼钢转炉的炉型及氧枪设计作为原型进行了水力学模型试验。根据相似原理,在供氧制度与熔池吹透深度、搅拌强度和喷溅强度之间的关系方面进行了测定,得到了定量数据。根据这些数据,提出了制订供氧制度时的参考意见。由于模型与原型的相似性是近似的,所以由模型实验所得的结论还须在实践中加以校     

首钢高VTi铁水转炉冶炼82 B供氧制度优化

首钢为降低82B生产成本,提高产品质量,在高炉原料中加入了钒钛球团矿.钒钛球团矿的加入导致转炉生产化渣慢,脱磷效率低,溅渣护炉效果不佳等问题.为了解决高钒钛铁水转炉生产82B所遇到的问题,本文以首钢炼钢厂转炉生产82B工艺为研究对象,利用Fluent数值模拟结合工业试验共同优化了转炉高VTi铁水冶炼82B供氧制度.通过供氧制度的优化,提高了转炉处理高VTi铁水的能力,从而保障首钢生产出高品质低成本的82B.     

基于粗糙集的转炉炼钢知识发现模型

针对转炉炼钢知识发现的特点,采用粗糙集理论进行分析,应用数据清洗、标准化及离散等方式对转炉炼钢生产数据进行预处理,以炼钢生产的主要影响因素作为知识发现的条件属性,以转炉冶炼终点控制目标作为知识发现的决策属性,建立了基于粗糙集方法的转炉炼钢知识发现模型,实现转炉炼钢生产知识的自动发现、获取和规则提取。以转炉冶炼终点钢水温度的变化规律做为知识发现的决策属性,采用210 t转炉炼钢实际生产数据进行模型的应用测试,结果表明提取出的铁水硅含量、铁矿石质量、氧气消耗量等影响因素对转炉冶炼钢水终点温度存在重要影响,且模型提取出的转炉炼钢终点钢水温度知识规则与现行转炉炼钢现场的变化规律一致,证明基于粗糙集方法的转炉炼钢知识发现模型的有效性。     

数学模型在转炉中的研究与应用

转炉炼钢静态控制是转炉计算机的基本控制方式,副枪动态控制以静态控制为基础。针对转炉炼钢过程中复杂因素的影响,通过数学方法研究开发出一套转炉炼钢数学模型。静态模型包括终点控制模型、供氧模型、造渣模型、底吹模型;动态模型包括脱碳速度模型、钢水升温模型和冷却剂加入量模型。     

应用COMI炼钢工艺进行转炉全铁水冶炼基础研究

基于二氧化碳与氧气混合喷吹(简称COMI)炼钢工艺热力学理论计算及实验研究,建立了转炉全铁水COMI炼钢工艺物料与能量模型.研究发现:应用COMI炼钢工艺进行转炉全铁水冶炼工艺研究不仅能解决转炉全铁水常规冶炼过程中存在的大渣量及大喷溅问题,而且在提高转炉煤气热值,降低转炉吨钢氧耗及石灰消耗、调节矿石加入量方面有显著效果.     

基于一类GA—RBF神经网络的转炉炼钢静态模型控制

讨论了具有非线性、大时滞、不确定特性的工况复杂的转炉炼钢过程建模与控制问题．针对传统的控制方法控制效果差、精度不高，难以达到期望结果的问题，结合RBF神经网络的特点，提出用基于混合编码方式的混合遗传算法训练的RBF神经网络，同时优化网络的结构和参数，并利用RBF神经网络建立转炉炼钢静态模型．仿真结果表明，该模型具有在线调整和学习的功能，比传统模型具有更好的计算精度和适应能力，为提高转炉冶炼过程的控制精度给出了一个有效的方法．     

炼钢厂转炉系统自动化控制

目前，转炉炼钢所采用的自动控制系统，满足了氧气转炉的冶炼生产，生产与信息管理、新技术的开发需要，创建的巨大的经济效益，具有广阁的推广价值。本文通过对自动化控制系统作简单介绍，并对其工艺和带来的效果进行分析，为炼钢厂转炉系统自动化控制的了解提供参考。     

炉渣在转炉冶炼过程中作用的热力学分析及实践经验

我国粗钢产量占世界产量的40%以上,转炉炼钢是我国粗钢的主要生产方式。炉渣在转炉冶炼过程中对钢水的洁净度有至关重要的影响。本文从热力学的角度,并结合实践经验,对转炉冶炼过程中炉渣的形成、炉渣中的化学反应以及炉渣成分的变化等问题进行了分析。     

优化配料降低转炉冶炼过程原料消耗

采用优化配料系统软件、依据转炉冶炼过程中使用的各种原材料的成分及冶炼钢种要求,对转炉加入的各种原材料进行实时计算,优化配料,提高转炉生产过程中富余热量的利用率,节约原料消耗,降低炼钢成本.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.