发动机泄气制动数值模拟及其性能优化研究

为优化发动机泄气制动性能,用UG软件建立了三维模型,应用动态网格技术对模型进行了网格划分并对气门和活塞的运动规律进行设置和定义.用Fluent软件对泄气制动工作过程进行三维瞬态数值模拟,分析了泄气制动过程活塞压力变化情况,并根据活塞瞬时受力得到各状态下发动机平均制动功率,得出排气背压、排气门开度、发动机转速对制动性能的影响.通过优化工作参数,提高了泄气制动性能,最后进行实验验证,结果表明最大误差为5.2%,最小误差仅为4.1%,表明模拟结果有较高精度和准确性.     

涡轮增压发动机二冲程制动性能

考虑到进、排气管内的压力波与涡轮增压器对发动机进、排气过程的影响,应用GT-POWER软件建立一种二冲程制动工况下的涡轮增压发动机模型,并通过对发动机制动过程仿真计算,分析发动机转速、排气门开启时刻与发动机制动性能之间的关系.仿真结果表明,在排气门工作参数一定时,发动机制动转矩、制动功率随转速增加而增大;在排气门升程曲线、第二次开启发生时刻均一定时,对应每个发动机转速,均存在唯一的第一次开启发生时刻使得制动功率最大,而且该时刻随发动机转速而变化;在排气门升程曲线、第一次开启发生时刻均一定时,第二次开启发生时刻延迟,将使得压气机运行点趋近甚至超出喘振线.     

叶轮冲角变化对叶轮效率的影响

 可调喷嘴涡轮通过调节喷嘴环的转角,改变涡轮的流通面积,使涡轮的流量特性和效率特性发生变化,从而使涡轮与发动机在较宽广的工况范围内保持良好的匹配.叶轮冲角发生变化时,对叶轮效率影响很大.运用三维数值模拟技术,对JK90S可调喷嘴涡轮叶轮冲角进行了数值计算和流场分析,研究叶轮冲角变化对叶轮效率的影响.结果表明,在不同的油门和不同的发动机转速下,叶轮的最佳效率对应的叶轮入口冲角不同.在发动机100%油门开度时,叶轮的最佳效率冲角约为-45°;在发动机50%油门开度时,叶轮的最佳效率冲角约为-35°.小于最佳效率冲角时,叶轮效率迅速下降;大于最佳效率冲角时,在一个较宽广的冲角范围内叶轮能维持较高效率,随着发动机转速的提高,叶轮高效区的冲角范围逐渐变窄.     

发动机制动过程中无级变速器的控制仿真研究

介绍了发动机制动特性及其影响因素并简要说明了发动机制动试验方法.论述了发动机制动时,对无级变速器的速比进行控制的必要性.提出了发动机制动时设定车速的概念,通过设定车速估算发动机目标转速,再通过发动机目标转速确定无级变速器的目标速比,然后运用PID算法跟踪目标速比.解决了发动机制动时没有节气门开度信号输入,难以确定发动机目标转速的问题.最后,通过仿真验证了该控制策略的有效性.     

电控液压全可变气门驱动系统的设计与分析

为了满足发动机设计及性能指标要求,比较分析国内外先进气门执行机构的优缺点,设计一种新型电控液压全可变气门驱动系统.在此基础上,建立气门驱动系统的数学、物理模型,借助MATLAB/Simulink计算平台搭建本系统计算仿真模型并用试验结果进行验证,保证了计算模型的可靠性.根据系统结构,详细分析了可控性参数旋转阀相位差角及蓄压器压力和发动机转速对气门最大升程、气门开启持续期、气门启闭时刻、气门速度及加速度的影响.研究结果表明,旋转阀相位差角通过改变气门开启持续期改变气门关闭时刻,但不影响气门开启段升程规律;蓄压器压力对气门最大升程有重要影响,但不改变气门开启持续期及启闭时刻;在不同发动机转速下,气门最大升程、关闭时刻均有改变;随着发动机转速的提高,气门升程断面积减小,气门关闭时刻推迟.     

基于PIC的摩托车发动机电控单元

电控单元(ECU)是电控汽油喷射系统的核心智能部件,其主要功能是根据节气门开度和发动机转速并结合其他参数对点火提前角和喷油脉宽信号进行控制,实现发动机燃烧过程的优化.本文以MAP工况为例,介绍了基于PIC单片机的电控单元开发及其工作原理和硬件系统.     

基于Matlab/WAVE的汽油机工作过程的联合仿真优化

应用内燃机性能仿真软件WAVE对462PFI(进气道喷射)汽油机工作过程进行了数值仿真计算,仿真计算结果与实验数据取得了较好的一致性.用Matlab编制了多目标、多参数非线性约束优化算法程序,通过调用仿真计算模型,改变输入参数如压缩比、空燃比、点火提前角和气门正时等的输入数值,实现了联合仿真优化.在给定权重的条件下,寻求参数的最优匹配,使得发动机动力性、经济性和排放性能综合最优.     

喷油提前角对CA6DF2D-21柴油机性能影响的模拟仿真

应用三维CFD软件AVL FIRE2010,对CA6DF2D-21柴油机在同一工况、不同喷油提前角(10、12、14、16、18、20°CA)下燃烧过程进行了模拟仿真,分析了发动机在不同喷油提前角下的动力性、经济性和排放性,结果表明:当喷油角从10°CA增加到20°CA过程中,缸内压力和温度增加,发动机的功率和扭矩增加,燃油消耗率减少,NOx排放量增加,Soot排放量减少,综合考虑确定最佳喷油提前角为16°CA.     

二冲程汽油机数字式CDI点火系统的开发与研究

二冲程汽油机的点火提前角是一个十分重要的控制参数，为了提高发动机的性能，需要开发一种能随转速和负荷变化的数字式点火系统。本文的研究工作中，开发了一种随二冲程汽油机转速和负荷调整点火提前角的数字式CDI点火系统。在点火控制系统中，输入信号包括发动机转速信号、节气门开度信号、蓄电池电压、进气温度信号和发动机温度信号。发动机转速信号同时也作为点火基准信号。点火控制系统软件设计是采用开环控制和并行控制方法。     

发动机压缩空气再生制动理想热力循环分析

车辆制动能量的回收利用有利于改善整车的经济性,而基于传统内燃机的气动-内燃混合动力技术有望实现制动能量的高效、低成本回收利用.以城市路况运行车辆为应用对象,基于传统四冲程发动机提出了3种发动机压缩空气再生制动能量回收方案.通过建立3种方案共同的理想热力学循环,以可回收气体的最大压力、单位排量每循环回收气体质量、循环性能系数(COP)和循环平均指示压力为评价指标,对制动循环进行了分析.结果表明:增大压缩比、减小排气管缓冲腔容积与排量比或者减小排气门开启提前角均可以提高回收气体的最大压力,在机械结构允许的条件下,应尽可能减小排气管缓冲腔的容积;在制动过程中,减小排气门开启提前角可获得较高的循环平均指示压力和气体回收质量;随着气罐背压的增加,控制排气门开启提前角由大变小,可获得最佳的制动循环性能;理论上,二冲程制动循环COP与四冲程制动循环相同,但二冲程制动循环气体回收质量流量和制动功率为四冲程制动的2倍.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.