基于随机森林的热轧带钢质量分析与预测方法

以某钢铁企业的热轧带钢生产实际数据作为分析对象,基于改进的随机森林算法分析工艺参数与产品质量间的隐含关系,进行影响产品质量关键工艺参数的特征提取,建立热轧带钢产品缺陷预测模型.实验结果表明,对非平衡数据集进行平衡处理可以提高样本预测精度;采用CART与C4.5相结合的方法比单一方法可以进一步提升预测精度;同时根据特征的高相关与低相关特性,将互信息作为评价指标应用于特征选择,可以提升随机森林算法的分类效果.在以上三种改进策略下,热轧带钢缺陷的识别率得到明显提高.     

基于改进随机森林的企业破产预测研究

企业破产数据中存在高维不平衡的特性,会导致模型预测性能降低且预测结果偏向于多数类.为了提高具有破产风险企业的预测准确率,将从特征、数据、模型3个方面综合考虑.首先提出一种Pearson相关系数特征提取规则进行特征选择,再使用已有的平衡化技术进行数据平衡化处理,最后提出了一种基于改变分类阈值的随机森林算法构建企业破产预测模型.在包含10173个公司数据集上的实验结果表明,本文的研究方法具有一定的优越性,对后续进行企业破产预测研究也具有较高的参考价值.     

基于SVM和Logistic算法对比的中小企业财务困境预测研究

集成f_classif、随机森林、Lasso、XGBoost四种方法构建特征选择评分模型并筛选出关键特征,利用RUSboost欠采样处理非平衡数据,在此数据预处理基础上分别建立支持向量机预测模型(SVM)和逻辑回归预测模型(Logistic)并进行对比分析,考察这两种机器学习方法对中小企业财务困境预测效果。结果显示,在支持向量机预测模型训练中选择径向基核函数且调整c值为1.06时其测试集上的判断准确率显著高于逻辑回归预测模型,对中小企业逐步恶化的财务状况预测准确率达98%。这对金融企业精准评价中小企业的财务风险以及政府实施中小企业政策扶持提供决策参考。     

基于随机森林的不平衡特征选择算法

数据高维不平衡是当前数据挖掘的挑战。针对传统特征选择方法基于类别平衡假设,导致在不平衡数据上效果不理想的问题,利用随机森林内嵌的变量选择机制,构造了一个新的不平衡随机森林特征选择算法IBRFVS。IBRFVS在平衡的取样数据上构造多样决策树,采用交叉验证方式获取单棵决策树的特征重要性度量值。各决策树的权重和特征重要性度量的加权平均决定了最终的特征重要性序列,其中,决策树的权重由该决策树与集成预测的一致性程度决定。在UCI数据集上的随机森林超参数选择和预处理对比验证实验中显示,四种超参数K经验取值中,当K的取值为特征数的平方根时,IBRFVS性能较为稳定且优于传统特征选择算法。     

基于随机森林和单类支持向量机的电信行业客户流失预测

针对电信行业客户流失问题,使用随机森林方法建立了初步的预测模型,对比电信行业原用的各种预测模型,其准确率有明显改善;针对模型特征维数众多的特点,进一步提出基于随机森林和转导推理的特征提取方法,对数据集进行降维,并引入单类支持向量机(support vector machine,SVM)算法得到最终的预测模型.实验表明,流失预测模型具有更高的预测准确率以及针对预测结果的部分可解释性.     

基于深度森林算法的油井产量预测研究

为了克服传统机器学习算法产量预测模型的缺点,以深度森林算法理论为基础,综合油井相关各项数据,建立了油井产量预测新模型。首先应用KNN最邻近方法和Z-Score标准化方法对油井相关数据进行预处理,利用MDI特征选择方法选择对油井产量影响最大的特征向量,然后将选出的特征向量作为深度森林模型的输入变量,建立深度森林产量预测模型,利用网格化搜索优化模型参数,最后在测试集上运行模型,对模型性能进行评估。研究结果表明,相对于BP神经网络等传统机器学习算法模型,深度森林模型的产量预测精度更高,可以准确预测油井产量,同时相对于深度神经网络等复杂学习算法,该算法参数少、调参及应用简单,为油井产量预测提供了一种新的方法和思路。     

基于贝叶斯模型组合的随机森林预测方法

为了能够精准可靠地估计太阳能辐照度,本文提出一种基于贝叶斯模型组合的随机森林算法用于太阳能辐照度预测.首先,引入K-means聚类和K折交叉验证将气象数据训练集生成多个训练子集,以增加训练子集的多样性并保证均匀采样.其次,将随机森林作为基学习器建立集成学习预测模型,导入训练子集并训练各个随机森林.之后,依据各个随机森林在验证集上的预测性能,采用贝叶斯模型组合算法制定组合策略.个体随机森林在测试集上的预测值经过模型组合策略得到最终输出.最后,基于气象实测数据建立仿真实验,并引入其他四种预测方法进行对比仿真研究,通过实验结果验证了文中所提出预测方法在太阳能辐照度预测问题中的准确性和可靠性.     

露天煤矿边坡稳定性的随机森林预测模型

 边坡工程是露天煤矿中的重点工程,边坡的稳定性关系着煤矿的安全生产。边坡稳定性预测是边坡防治工作的前提,针对煤矿边坡工程稳定性预测的复杂性,为了快速、有效地判别煤矿边坡稳定性,利用随机森林算法建立煤矿边坡稳定性预测模型。通过选取与煤矿边坡工程密切相关的岩石重度、黏聚力、内摩擦角、边坡角、边坡高度、孔隙水压力6 个指标作为边坡稳定性的影响因素,即为随机森林预测模型的输入,边坡稳定性状态作为随机森林预测模型的输出,通过随机森林算法建立边坡稳定性影响因素与边坡稳定状态之间的非线性关系。利用煤矿实测30 组边坡稳定性数据作为随机森林预测模型的训练数据集,进行模型的学习训练;另用12 组边坡稳定性数据作为预测模型的测试数据,通过训练好的边坡稳定性预测模型进行测试;为了验证随机森林预测模型的准确率,同时与SVM 和BP 神经网络的测试数据进行比较。结果说明,选取煤矿边坡稳定性的6 个指标建立的随机森林预测模型,人工控制参数较少、结构简单、容易实现,且具有较高的准确度,边坡稳定状态预测结果与煤矿边坡工程实际状态相吻合,能有效预测边坡稳定性状态,指导煤矿边坡防治工作的开展。     

露天煤矿边坡稳定性的随机森林预测模型

边坡工程是露天煤矿中的重点工程,边坡的稳定性关系着煤矿的安全生产。边坡稳定性预测是边坡防治工作的前提,针对煤矿边坡工程稳定性预测的复杂性,为了快速、有效地判别煤矿边坡稳定性,利用随机森林算法建立煤矿边坡稳定性预测模型。通过选取与煤矿边坡工程密切相关的岩石重度、黏聚力、内摩擦角、边坡角、边坡高度、孔隙水压力6个指标作为边坡稳定性的影响因素,即为随机森林预测模型的输入,边坡稳定性状态作为随机森林预测模型的输出,通过随机森林算法建立边坡稳定性影响因素与边坡稳定状态之间的非线性关系。利用煤矿实测30组边坡稳定性数据作为随机森林预测模型的训练数据集,进行模型的学习训练;另用12组边坡稳定性数据作为预测模型的测试数据,通过训练好的边坡稳定性预测模型进行测试;为了验证随机森林预测模型的准确率,同时与SVM和BP神经网络的测试数据进行比较。结果说明,选取煤矿边坡稳定性的6个指标建立的随机森林预测模型,人工控制参数较少、结构简单、容易实现,且具有较高的准确度,边坡稳定状态预测结果与煤矿边坡工程实际状态相吻合,能有效预测边坡稳定性状态,指导煤矿边坡防治工作的开展。     

基于参数优化神经网络的海底油气管道腐蚀泄漏预测

为有效预测海底管道因腐蚀导致的泄漏风险,提出了一种海底管道腐蚀泄漏预测模型,首先采用斯皮尔曼相关系数分析各影响因素间的相关性,随后基于随机森林袋外数据进行各因素的重要性排序,剔除掉相关性较高且重要性较小的因素,利用筛选出的数据建立前馈神经网络和随机森林回归预测模型,并利用粒子群算法对神经网络预测模型的权值、阈值进行了优化,构建粒子群优化下的神经网络预测模型。经分析结果表明：神经网络预测模型在5组随机模型训练中平均绝对误差(MAE)、均方误差(MSE)的平均值分别为1.59、 3.37,均高于随机森林回归预测模型,说明该模型误差较大,但决定系数(R2)较随机森林回归预测模型高0.13,因决定系数越接近于1,模型拟合越好,故随机森林回归预测模型较神经网络预测模型拟合度较差,长期预测误差较高,因此可采用粒子群算法对神经网络进行优化,优化后的模型MAE为0.79,MSE为0.7293,R2为0.9151,可见优化后的神经网络预测模型在保证精度的基础上提高了稳定性,预测效果更优。最后编制了集随机森林回归、神经网络及粒子群优化下的神经网络为一体的多模型管道腐蚀预测软件。为海底管道泄漏风险的精准预测以及高效控制提供了依据,在海洋油气运输安全方面具有重要意义。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.