油田开发优化决策的目标规划模型

提出了油田开发中的多目标问题 ,确定了油田开发措施增油中的多目标体系 ,建立了措施增油的多目标规划模型 ,研究了油田开发目标权重的计算方法。以油田开发措施增油方案为例 ,进行了目标规划模型的建立、求解和优化策略分析 ,为油田开发措施增油提供了定量决策依据     

油田产量优化的目标规划模型

在现有开采条件下确定油田经济效益最大时的产量组合 (最佳经济产量 )的过程称为油田产量优化。分析了影响油田最佳经济产量的因素 ,将油田产量细分为自然产量、措施产量和新建产能产量 ,提出了自然油变动成本、措施油变动成本和新建产能油变动成本的计算方法。在此基础上 ,提出了多约束条件下以利润最大化为目标的油田产量优化模型。该模型的建立可为油田的中、短期开发规划提供定量的决策依据。     

基于灰色网络组合优化的年增油量预测

老井措施增油成为油田稳产、降低油田区块开发成本的必然选择。针对多项式回归预测的局限性、灰色理论不能反映影响因素特征、神经网络需求数据多且数据敏感性差等特征,通过建立最优控制模型,实现GM（1,1）灰色理论与神经网络的高精度组合预测。以某油田区块2011-2018年的措施增油为例,对影响措施增油量的因素进行识别,建立了最优控制灰色神经网络模型对老井措施年增油量进行预测,相比多项式回归预测、GM（1,1）预测及BP神经网络预测方法,新模型模拟效果更好,预测精度更高。新方法对2018年措施年增油量的预测精度达97.34%。基于最优控制的灰色神经网络模型可以作为一种人工智能组合最优化模型预测措施年增油量,为准确预测措施增油效果,指导油田开发决策提供了新的思路。     

油田产量优化的目标规划模型

在现有开采条件下确定油田经济效益最大时的产量组合(最佳经济产量)的过程称为油田产量优化。分析了影响油田最佳经济产量的因素，将油田产量细分为自然产量、措施产量和新建产能产量，提出了自然油变动成本、措施油变动成本和新建产能油变动成本的计算方法。在此基础上，提出了多约束条件下以利润最大化为目标的油田产量优化模型。该模型的建立可为油田的中、短期开发规划提供定量的决策依据。     

油田增产措施配置的随机相关机会规划模型

以最大化措施增油量高于规划措施增油量这一事件的机会函数为目标,兼顾成本、措施量等目标,建立了油田增产措施随机相关机会规划模型,并给出了模型的混合智能算法.实例表明,该模型理论基础严格,求解方法科学有效,并具有一定的智能性,为油田增产措施配置提供了新的决策依据.     

油田产量开发规划模型研究及应用

本文对如何完成油田开发产量任务,合理地安排各种措施工作量进行了研究,建立了多目标线性规划模型,并利用计算机编写相关程序,求出最优方案,应用到具体的油田某区块产量规划实例中,解决了油田产量最优规划问题。     

油田开发多目标产量分配模型及其应用算法研究

利用功能模拟原理（微分模拟方法及神经网络方法）建立的油田开发指标关联关系,研究并建立了油田开发规划的多目标产量分配优化模型。该模型成功地解决了油田的总产量及对应的工作量、成本等其它开发指标最优地分配到各二级开采单位的产量最优分配问题。针对非线性多目标规划问题,采用改进的HookeJeeves算法求解,并将该模型及算法应用于国内某中后期开发油田的开发规划中产生了较好的经济效益。     

一种双种群协同多目标粒子群优化算法及应用

针对当前我国油田开采难度大、 经济效益较低等问题, 建立以利润最大化为优化指标, 以年度增油目标、 增液目标、 增注目标为约束条件的多目标油田开采优化模型, 并提出一种双种群协同多目标粒子群优化算法求解该优化模型. 该算法通过双种群协同进化策略扩大搜索空间, 提高算法的全局搜索能力, 并结合Lévy飞行保证种群多样性, 提高算法收敛效率. 实验结果表明, 该算法能有效求解油田开采优化模型, 可优选出满足目标和约束条件的结果.     

一种双种群协同多目标粒子群优化算法及应用

针对当前我国油田开采难度大、 经济效益较低等问题, 建立以利润最大化为优化指标, 以年度增油目标、 增液目标、 增注目标为约束条件的多目标油田开采优化模型, 并提出一种双种群协同多目标粒子群优化算法求解该优化模型. 该算法通过双种群协同进化策略扩大搜索空间, 提高算法的全局搜索能力, 并结合Lévy飞行保证种群多样性, 提高算法收敛效率. 实验结果表明, 该算法能有效求解油田开采优化模型, 可优选出满足目标和约束条件的结果.     

油田开发模糊目标规划模型及求解

本文将模糊目标规划的方法应用于油田开发多目标规划问题。使用的模糊目标规划模型,包括最小至最大模型和偏差量加权求和模型,用于解决油田开发规划中涉及的多个相互制约的目标问题。对于实例的研究证明了模糊目标规划方法适用于油田开发规划。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.