土壤中耐低温石油降解菌的优选、鉴定及降解性能分析

在低温条件下,从大港油田的石油污染土壤中富集分离出31株耐低温菌,在10℃经初步降解试验,优选出对原油的解率分别为47.64%和39.81%的耐低温高效菌株D17和D24,经鉴定分别为副球菌属和盐单孢菌属.进一步对2株高效菌在10℃进行土壤降解试验,单独投加D17,D24的除油效果明显高于不加菌的除油效果,在10℃经过15d,D17使每7 g土壤中的石油烃含量减少86.5mg;D24使每7 g土壤中的石油烃含量减少15.8 mg.其中菌种D24的降解组分GC-MS分析表明,D24对饱和烃的降解贡献不大,对芳烃组分有较大程度的降解,且对芳烃重质组分的降解性能高于对轻质组分的降解性能.     

海洋石油降解菌的筛选与降解性能研究

从大连港表层被石油烃污染的海水中筛选出14株石油降解菌,并从中选出了一株优势菌(命名为HD-1)。通过16Sr DNA方法鉴定该菌株属于厦门栖东海菌属。该菌株接种后前1 d为对数增长期,2~10d为稳定期,10d后细菌密度下降。温度,营养盐和接种量都显著影响该株菌的石油烃降解效率:最佳降解温度为22℃,最佳氮源磷源组合为氯化铵+磷酸氢二钠。     

土壤石油高效降解菌的筛选、鉴定及其特性研究

从华中某油田石油污染土壤中分离筛选出了3株高效石油降解菌S-4、S-5和S-7,在30℃,200 r/min恒温摇床上震荡培养14 d后,石油烃降解率分别为41.60%、40.59%和43.53%。经16S r DNA基因序列鉴定,S-4、S-5和S-7分别属于肠杆菌属(Enterobacter)、假单胞菌属(Pseudomonas)和Kosakonia属。通过实验表明,菌株的最适降解pH为7,最佳氮源为硝酸铵(NH4NO3),最佳氮、磷比为5:1,在添加营养元素的条件下,经过48 d的降解,S-4、S-5和S-7菌株对土壤中石油烃总降解率分别为74.24%、71.66%和80.29%。     

石油高效降解细菌的筛选及其降解特性研究

以山东省东营市胜利油田附近被石油污染的土壤作为分离样品,连续富集筛选出以原油为唯一碳源、能源进行生长繁殖的石油高效降解菌株X_P和X_B.经菌落形态、生理生化反应,初步鉴定2株菌分属为芽孢杆菌属(Bacillus sp.)和假单胞菌属(Pseudomonas sp.);通过生物表面活性剂活性试验,分析了2株菌的油降解能力.结果表明:2株菌均具溶血和排油特性,溶血圈直径高达3.6 cm、排油圈直径高达4.9 cm,可以产生生物表面活性剂,并且溶血圈和排油圈直径与生物表面活性剂的产生呈正相关.室内培养箱实验测定,2株菌对石油的降解率分别为72.3%(X_P)和61.2%(X_B)(原油含量/土壤总量×100%=10%),在此过程中2株菌对石油降解的速度、能力有显著效果.室外堆制试验中,60 d处理后,锯末、小麦秸秆、菌剂及N、P营养物协同处理组降解效果明显,降解率高达54.0%-68.2%,说明外源添加物能提高微生物的降解能力.结论:筛选得到的菌株X_P和X_B是两株高效降解石油的菌株,在土壤中能很好地利用石油进行生长代谢,可应用于石油污染实际生物修复工程.     

陕北土壤石油烃降解的营养平衡研究

为研究陕北土壤石油烃降解过程中营养物质的供给平衡,设置石油浓度为20 g/kg的污染土壤并加入不同比例的N和P的营养物质,分析土壤石油烃降解过程中的养分变化和需求状况。结果表明:当C∶N∶P=100∶10∶1并翻耕时土壤中C、N、P的含量降低的幅度最大,分别降低了6.6g/kg、1.3 g/kg和0.14 g/kg,同时,石油烃的降解率达最高为49.58%;不施肥土壤石油烃的降解率在30.22%~35.45%,施肥之后降解率提高到39.28%~49.58%,C∶N∶P=100∶10∶1时翻耕土壤比不翻耕土壤石油烃降解率高10.3%。N、P营养物质的增加及翻耕均优化了微生物生长代谢条件,促进了微生物对石油烃的降解。     

添加混合菌剂对石油污染土壤的降解

从甘肃华庆油田污染严重的土壤中富集培养、筛选分离得到A6,A5,D4,F1和F2共5种菌属的降解石油菌,在实验条件下向土壤中添加上述5种菌不同浓度的混合菌剂,并对土壤中的脱氢酶活性、土壤溶液电导率、氮磷的变化对石油污染土壤的降解率的影响进行研究.研究结果表明:当土壤中石油含量为50 g/kg时,加入高效降解菌的石油降解率比没有加菌剂的降解效率高,添加2％,4％和8％菌剂48 d的降解率分别为68.01％,80.42％和78.47％,均大于CK(没有任何组分)的降解率45.50％,4种处理中4％菌剂的修复效果最显著.添加的有机肥中氮和磷的含量是影响石油降解率的主要因素,只有加适量的有机肥如4％才能使降解效果最好.混合菌株降解石油表现出先降解高碳数正构烷烃为低碳数正构烷烃,高碳数正构烷烃中奇数碳向偶数碳正构烷烃演化的规律;原油中类异戊二烯烷烃在混合菌7d的作用过程中发生明显降解,菌株能较好地促使五环三萜类化合物立体构型中不稳定构型向稳定性构型转化的演化规律.     

接种AM真菌对利用冰草降解土壤石油污染的效果研究

为研究冰草作为修复陕北石油污染土壤生物材料的潜力,以及接种丛枝菌根(AM)真菌后冰草对石油烃降解力的增效效果,实验设定了不同浓度的石油烃污染土壤,测定接种丛枝菌根真菌60 d后的冰草株高差异及不同接种量时冰草对石油烃的降解力。结果表明,高浓度石油烃污染的土壤对冰草的株高有明显抑制作用,但接种丛枝菌根真菌可缓解抑制,最高能使冰草株高提高14.90%。接种AM真菌的冰草对石油烃的降解率明显提高,最佳的接种量为150个/盆。此外,接种AM真菌的冰草在高浓度石油烃污染土壤环境中仍有较高的降解力,在土壤中石油烃浓度为20000 mg/kg环境下,60 d降解石油烃15624 mg。     

高矿化度条件下石油烃降解菌种的筛选与评价

为了获得高效石油降解菌种,以原油为唯一碳源,从油水混合物中分离筛选出菌株.研究不同的温度、转速等对菌体生长情况和石油降解率的影响.在实验条件下,2株优势菌在适宜的条件下对石油的降黏率可分别高达28.5%、51.5%.偏酸或偏碱环境均不利于菌体生长,培养温度对2株菌体生长和石油降解率影响较大,最佳温度是35℃.在高矿化度条件下,菌株对原油仍有降解作用,降黏率为40%以上.原油组分分析结果表明,菌种在以原油为碳源培养后,使原油组分中沥青质、非烃及芳烃类含量均发生变化.     

一株疏水性石油烃降解菌的鉴定

从石油污染的土壤中分离纯化得到1株能以石油为唯一碳源和能源生长的石油烃降解菌,命名为HDB-1,通过形态特征、培养特征、生理生化特征及16SrRNA基因序列分析,初步鉴定该菌为假单胞菌属细菌(Pseudomonas)。     

采用优势菌降解BTEX和石油烃的性能

针对石油开采对土壤的污染问题,采用从辽河油田石油污染土壤中筛选出的石油烃优势降解菌(B3、B6、F3)降解土壤中苯、甲苯、乙苯和二甲苯(BTEX)。考察降解时间、通氧量、N/P比、pH、接种量和含油量等对菌株降解石油烃效果的影响。在BETX初始质量浓度分别为1.90、3.64、3.46、6.78(g·m-3)时,菌株对BTEX降解率分别为1.6%～16.8%、12.6%～18.7%、10.0%～13.3%、10.2%～21.1%。真菌曲霉属(Trichoderma sp.)F3菌株对BTEX降解效果最好。含油量对菌株降解石油烃效果影响最大。实验结果为微生物修复石油污染土壤提供一定理论依据。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.