空冷贝氏体钢破片中绝热剪切带的微观形貌特征

利用金相显微镜(OM)、扫描电镜(SEM)、透射电镜(TEM)、原子力显微镜(AFM)等设备,研究了空冷贝氏体钢爆破圆筒破片中的绝热剪切带的微观形貌特征.实验结果表明:破片中绝热剪切带为白亮带,其形貌与基体组织有明显的区别,绝热剪切带上有分叉和裂纹;衍射证明绝热剪切带内组织为晶体结构,带内有位错胞和位错缠结;原子力显微镜观测表明绝热剪切带高于基体.     

聚碳酸酯冲击断面形态

用扫描电镜观察聚碳酸酯(PC)缺口冲击破坏断面形态。结果表明,断面形态主要包括平滑面、放射线条纹和带三种。放射线条纹具有金属断口似的“放射剪切花样”和“河流花样”,还有“色骨花样”和“蝴蝶翅花样”。放射线条纹基本上是以撕裂台阶形式呈位错逐段连接起来的。位于裂源区和放射线区的带的微观结构是相同的。它们都是银纹和裂纹的不连续增长带。     

高速切削淬硬钢主剪切区绝热剪切失稳微观机理研究

使用光学显微镜、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和透射电子显微镜(TEM)对高速切削淬硬30CrNi3MoV高强度钢形成的锯齿状切屑主剪切区内材料微观特征进行了观察,并对绝热剪切失稳的微观机理进行了分析.微观观察和分析结果表明,绝热剪切带中心由平均直径0.4～0.6μm的细小等轴晶粒组成,过渡区内为碎化并沿剪切方向拉长的马氏体板条组织.锯齿状切屑的形成应归因子主剪切区材料绝热剪切失稳的发生,在此过程中,动态回复和再结晶成为微结构演化的主要冶金过程,绝热温升起到了关键作用.等轴晶组织的形成机制为旋转式动态再结晶.     

切削高强度结构钢形成的绝热剪切带微结构观察

使用扫描电子显微镜和透射电子显微镜对高强度结构钢30CrNi3MoV正交切削产生的切屑内绝热剪切带的微细组织进行了观察，测量了绝热剪切带的显微硬度。绝热剪切带中心和基体组织之间，组织是渐变的。绝热剪切带内硬度达到了淬火马氏体硬度，并具有细小的等轴晶组织，内部含有少量χ-Fe6C2和Fe3C碳化物与奥氏体。基体和剪切带之间的过渡区为大塑性变形的马氏体组织，分布有高密度的位错。研究结果表明，在实验切削条件下得到的绝热剪切带属于相变带。     

打击气压对激光快速成形TC4合金剪切带形成及发展的影响

采用分离式霍普金森杆系统,对激光快速成形TC4合金帽型试样进行不同打击气压下的动态压缩试验.采用光学显微镜、扫描电镜、透射电镜等分析手段,研究了打击气压对其剪切带形成及发展的影响.结果表明,打击气压对激光快速成形TC4合金中所产生剪切带的形成及发展有较大的影响,随着打击气压的增大,剪切带宽度增大,且剪切带内的沿剪切方向的流线逐渐减弱;各种打击气压下,剪切带内均由细小晶粒组成,当打击气压为0.065 MPa时,剪切带内无动态再结晶晶粒,而其它气压下,剪切带内均出现了动态再结晶晶粒,且随打击气压的增大,再结晶晶粒比例增多,至气压为0.100 MPa时,剪切带内几乎由细小再结晶晶粒构成,计算显示,随打击气压的增大,剪切带内的绝热温升也随之增加.     

高强度钢正交切削过程中剪切变形局部化研究

通过正交切削实验对高强度钢30CrNi3MoV锯齿形切屑内剪切变形局部化的临界切削条件和绝热剪切带的分布规律以及微结构特征进行了研究．结果表明,因切屑剪切区内发生剪切变形局部化,在一定临界切削速度下切屑由带状屑转变为锯齿形切屑;对临界切削速度的理论预测和实验结果基本一致．随着切削速度的增加,剪切带的宽度和间距随之减小．在锯齿形切屑内发现两种剪切带即形变剪切带和白色剪切带．TEM观察表明,白色剪切带中心为等轴晶粒,剪切带内的组织结构经历了一系列复杂的演变过程．     

高速冲击下2519A-T87铝合金微观组织研究

用金相显微镜(OM)和透射电子显微镜(TEM)对2519A-T87铝合金靶材弹坑周围的高速冲击特征组织进行了观察分析。在OM下观察分析发现弹坑周围形成了变形带和绝热剪切带,裂纹在绝热剪切带内萌发和扩展。TEM下观察分析发现变形带内为微带组织,绝热剪切带内是动态再结晶组织。位错在微观组织演化过程中起到了重要作用。显微硬度测试结果表明,绝热剪切带的硬度值远远低于基体。     

聚晶金刚石刀具加工钛合金热塑剪切失稳研究

采用聚晶金刚石(PCD)刀具,以不同的切削速度对钛合金Ti-6Al-4V进行了切削实验.通过分析切屑的金相和扫描电子显微(SEM)照片,对PCD刀具加工钛合金Ti-6Al-4V的热塑剪切失稳现象进行了深入研究,分析表明发生热塑剪切失稳时锯齿形切屑齿尖角随切削速度先增大,后减小,并通过计算锯齿形切屑内的剪应变、测量剪切带内外的显微硬度和切屑内的X射线衍射分析证实了在发生热塑剪切失稳时钛合金的组织发生了相变.     

平头弹侵彻金属靶板的绝热剪切数值模拟及温度场研究

采用非线形有限元分析软件ANSYS/LS-DYNA,本文对平头弹侵彻金属靶板的绝热剪切冲塞模式进行数值仿真分析,并与相关的平头弹穿甲Weldox 460E钢靶的试验数据进行分析比较。基于不同弹速下对靶板绝热剪切带带宽（Bandwidth of ASB）进行数值预测,讨论平头弹穿透金属靶板过程中ASB区域温度场的分布。结果表明：平头弹以不同速度侵彻一定厚度金属靶时,随着弹体速度的增大,ASB内温度变化率越大,绝热剪切局域化也越显著,数值仿真分析结果与试验数据吻合较好。     

粗砂与结构物接触面的剪切特性试验研究

利用同济大学研制的大型多功能界面剪切仪,对粗砂与结构物的剪切变形特性进行研究.采用在剪切盒内灌注彩色砂条的方法研究剪切带的空间分布特性.结果表明,彩色砂条的变形可以反映剪切带厚度和空间分布.剪切带厚度为6～11 mm,厚度随着法向应力的增加呈增加的趋势;剪切带厚度在空间上的分布呈现出不均匀性,在剪切方向(X轴方向)上呈现中间大两端小的趋势,在垂直剪切方向(Y轴方向)上离散性较小、分布近似均匀.剪切板凹槽的约束作用,使得凹槽内的砂土颗粒带动附近砂土颗粒运动,从而形成剪切带.土体的剪胀特性是由于剪切带内砂土的变形导致的,剪切初始时剪胀速率较快,达到抗剪强度后剪胀速率减慢.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to