导热油蒸氨工艺的应用

<正>焦化厂炼焦产生的氨水含有氨、酚、硫化物、氰化物、吡啶和焦油等有毒有害物质,如不能有效回收或去除,对于后续废水的生化处理影响较大,影响废水的合格排放。蒸氨就是利用蒸馏原理将剩余氨水中的氨蒸出。传统的蒸氨工艺是利用蒸汽为热源,直接进入蒸氨塔进行蒸氨,不仅消耗大量蒸汽,蒸汽冷凝水也进入蒸氨废水中,增加了废水处理的负荷及成本。重庆市重钢股份有限公司新区焦化厂一期工程4×60孔焦炉于2010年投入试运行,与之配套的氨水处理采用了导热油炉加热导热油间接进行蒸氨的工艺,设计处理氨水量为80m3/h。采用导热油蒸氨工     

导热油技术在焦化蒸氨工序中的应用

用焦炉煤气加热导热油代替蒸汽用于焦化厂蒸氨的新工艺投入运行后,不仅大大降低了生产成本,而且减少了外排废水量,具有较好的经济效益和环境效益。     

试论煤气净化系统的改造

介绍了太化焦化厂对原煤气净化系统进行改造的情况,具体论述了对原系统的冷鼓系统、电捕焦油系统、脱硫系统、洗氨和蒸氨系统、洗苯和脱苯系统等进行的改造。     

提高焦化厂粗苯收率的技术改造探讨

本文针对焦化厂粗苯生产中，粗苯收率低、能耗高、洗油单耗高等问题，通过生产工艺、操作条件、生产设备的技术改造，有效地改善了粗苯生产回收效果，提高了粗苯收率。     

基于HSB微生物技术的焦化废水处理中试

为开发高效且低成本的焦化废水处理新技术,将高分解力菌群(HSB)微生物技术应用于O2/A处理工艺,进行中试试验.对某厂蒸氨废水和混合废水(蒸氨废水和浮选废水混合)进行处理,并考察系统停运后恢复运行或系统进入异常废水(浮选废水或精苯废水)时HSB微生物的适应情况.结果表明: HSB微生物可以耐受废水中较高浓度的有害物质,脱氮无须补加碳源;经处理后的焦化废水中各项污染物的浓度满足国家标准GB13456-1992的要求,且脱色效果好,剩余污泥产生量少;该工艺运行成本低,加碱量为常规硝化反硝化工艺的1/5～1/3.     

浅谈设备改造是影响煤气塔后含苯和粗苯收率的主要因素

黑化集团公司焦化厂现有两座半焦炉,年产75万t焦炭,并配有相应的回收装置。回收车间粗苯洗涤采用是在洗苯塔内用洗油吸收煤气中的苯族烃工艺方法;蒸馏采用是管式炉脱苯生产一种苯或两种苯的方法。粗苯是重要的化工原料,影响粗苯收率因素很多。但是主要因素是由于贫油冷却器窜漏,造成贫油温度偏高,影响洗苯塔内吸收温度和吸苯效果。因此必须对贫油冷却器进行改造,降低洗苯塔后煤气含苯,提高粗苯回收率。     

回收系统富油预热装置的改进和经济效益

富油是指将冷却的贫油用泵送到富含苯及其衍生物洗苯塔内吸收粗苯形成的，是粗苯生产的中间过程。温度有效控制在160℃-170℃是富油脱苯效果好坏的关键。2004年元月黑化集团焦化厂回收系统采用了管式炉煤气加热替代蒸汽预热的生产工艺，取得了良好的效果，为工厂创造巨大的经济效益。     

酒精差压蒸馏工艺及设备装置

该产品是综合国内外先进蒸馏工艺而优化组合的蒸馏技术,由五座塔和多具加热器、再沸器组成差压蒸馏系统装置。五座塔只有两塔直接使用生蒸汽加热,其余各塔均利用酒汽加热,在工艺和设备上采用现代化手段生产,科学地运用各塔的不同压力和温度,使之形成差压蒸馏,实现热能的重复利用,达到大量节能之目的。每吨酒精可节约蒸汽3.2吨,节水26m~3,比常压蒸馏法节省蒸汽达55%,大大地降低了生产成本。而且能稳定生产 GB10343-89食用优级酒精,提高酒精回收率,减少工业酒精比率,减少环境污染。对以淀粉质为原料生产酒精后废     

循环冷却水水质控制对策

循环冷却水水质控制系统能够有效地解决涟钢焦化厂循环水系统近年来出现的以及目前仍然存在的一些生产难题。该控制系统如果能够顺利实施的话,煤气外送量以及焦油、粗苯的产量和质量都会有很大的改进,同时工业冷却水摘要:管道和煤气冷却器的使用寿命也将会大大延长。     

改进热过滤操作提高学生实验的易操作性

改进的热过滤操作 ,通过采用对滤液直接加热产生蒸汽的方式 ,充分利用了蒸汽的热能使漏斗中的待滤液保持高温 ,使重结晶的热过滤操作顺利、简单易行 ,且重结晶的收率提高 .     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.