野漆树苷对LPS诱导的RAW264.7细胞的抗炎作用及机制探究

目的:探究野漆树苷(Rhoifolin,RHO)对细菌脂多糖(lipopolysaccharide,LPS)诱导的小鼠单核巨噬细胞RAW264.7细胞炎症模型释放炎性因子的影响,并探讨其作用机制.方法:用脂多糖(0.5μg·mL~(-1))刺激体外生长良好的RAW264.7细胞24h建立体外细胞炎症模型,以MTT法测定不同浓度RHO对RAW264.7细胞的毒性作用,用Griess试剂法检测一氧化氮(Nitric Oxide NO)的含量,RT-PCR法检测细胞中肿瘤坏死因子α(Tumor Necrosis Factor,TNF-α),白介素1β(Interleukin-1β,IL~(-1)β),白介素6(Interleukin,IL-6)的含量,采用Western Blot法检测MAPK信号通路中相关蛋白的含量.结果:与空白对照组相比,在LPS诱导下,RAW264.7细胞分泌致炎因子NO,TNF-α,IL~(-1)β,IL-6(P0.01);与模型组相比,25~100μmol·L~(-1)的RHO可明显下调LPS诱导的RAW264.7细胞释放炎症因子NO,TNF-α,IL~(-1)β和IL-6(P0.05,P0.01),并呈现良好的剂量依赖关系;野漆树苷还不同程度的抑制了Erk和JNK激酶的磷酸化.结论:RHO可以抑制LPS所致的RAW264.7细胞炎症反应,减少炎症因子NO分泌,抑制TNF-α,IL~(-1)β和IL-6mRNA的合成,抑制JNK/SAPK及Erk信号通路可能是其抗炎作用机制之一.     

参附注射液通过调节核内HMGB1和NF-κB结合发挥抗炎活性的机制

探讨参附注射液（Shenfu injection,SFI）对脂多糖（lipopolysaccharides,LPS）诱导的RAW264.7细胞的抑炎作用及其潜在机制。采用LPS诱导野生型RAW264.7细胞制作炎症细胞模型,经参附注射液不同剂量进行干预,RT-qPCR、WB和ELISA检测细胞内促炎因子,包括诱导型一氧化氮合酶（induced nitric oxide synthase,iNOS）、白介素?1β（interleukin-1β,IL-1β）和肿瘤坏死因子α（tumor necrosis factor α,TNF-α）的转录、翻译和分泌水平,评价参附注射液的抗炎作用;构建高迁移率组蛋白B1（high mobility group protein B1,HMGB1）过表达RAW264.7细胞（HMGB1+-RAW264.7）和HMGB1点突变RAW264.7细胞（HMGB1m-RAW264.7）,通过免疫荧光检测野生型、HMGB1+和HMGB1m-RAW264.7细胞中HMGB1的核移位情况,采用哺乳动物双杂交法和免疫共沉淀法检测HMGB1、P65和P50的结合率,以探讨核内HMGB1在炎症反应中的作用及SFI抗炎的潜在分子机制。结果表明：SFI可抑制LPS诱导的RAW264.7细胞中iNOS、IL-1β和TNF-α的转录、表达和分泌（P＜0.01）。SFI能抑制HMGB1向核外迁移,使其高表达于核内。核内高表达HMGB1可使RAW264.7细胞对LPS的耐受度增加。在1μg/mL浓度LPS诱导下,HMGB1+-RAW264.7细胞中TNFα和IL-1β的转录和表达水平均升高,且SFI能逆转这一现象。HMGB1m-RAW264.7细胞中TNFα和IL-1β与对照组无差异。SFI可增加核内HMGB1与P65、HMGB1与P50的结合率（P＜0.01）,减少P50与P65的结合率。试验结果表明：SFI可抑制LPS诱导的RAW264.7细胞炎症反应;其作用途径可能是通过抑制HMGB1出核,竞争性结合P65和P50合,减少P65-P50二聚体的形成,进而抑制核因子κB(nuclear factor kappa-B,NF-κB)通路的激活。     

17β-雌二醇抑制高同型半胱氨酸诱导破骨细胞Raw 264.7激活的作用研究

 探讨17-β雌二醇(17β-Estradiol,17β-E₂)对高同型半胱氨酸(High Homocystine,HHcy)诱导的破骨前体细胞株Raw 264.7炎性因子释放的抑制作用.用同型半胱氨酸(Homocystine,Hcy)刺激Raw264.7细胞构建炎症模型,采用四甲基偶氮唑蓝比色法(MTT)检测17β-E₂对Raw 264.7细胞的活力影响,免疫荧光双标和RT-PCR方法检测不同浓度17β-E₂(1,10 nmol/L和1μmol/L)对环氧合酶-2(COX-2)和细胞炎性蛋白酶诱导型一氧化氮合酶(iNOS)、细胞炎性因子肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)和白介素-1β(IL-1β)、炎性信号蛋白核因子-κB(NF-κB)蛋白与mRNA的表达变化.结果发现:不同浓度的17β-E₂在翻译水平和转录水平上明显抑制了Hcy诱导的细胞炎性蛋白酶COX-2和iNOS,细胞炎性因子TNF-α和IL-1β与炎性信号蛋白NF-κB的上调,并且COX-2和IL-1β蛋白和mRNA的表达呈剂量依赖性.上述结果表明17β-E₂可通过调控Hcy诱导的破骨前体细胞株Raw264.7细胞炎性因子释放从而抑制破骨激活,发挥抗骨质疏松的作用.     

巴马汀对LPS诱导的RAW264.7巨噬细胞IL-6表达的影响

目的:观察巴马汀对脂多糖(LPS)诱导的RAW264.7小鼠巨噬细白介素6(IL-6)表达的作用.方法:采用LPS诱导RAW264.7巨噬细胞建立细胞炎症反应模型,加入不同浓度的巴马汀,采用ELISA法检测IL-6的生成量;采用qRT-PCR法检测IL-6 mRNA的表达.结果:巴马汀能明显抑制LPS诱导的RAW264.7巨噬细胞IL-6的生成,以及IL-6mRNA的表达,并呈现出浓度依赖性.结论:巴马汀可通过抑制LPS诱导的RAW264.7巨噬细胞IL-6的生成及IL-6mRNA的表达,从而发挥抗炎作用.     

紫花地丁提取物对LPS诱导RAW 264.7细胞的体外抗炎作用

观察紫花地丁提取物对脂多糖诱导的RAW 264.7巨噬细胞的抗炎作用并探讨其机制.采用脂多糖(1μg/mL)诱导RAW 264.7巨噬细胞建立体外炎症模型,格里斯试剂法和酶联免疫吸附法分别检测细胞上清液中的NO、TNF-α、IL-6、IL-1β的浓度,凝胶成像法检测细胞中iNOS、COX-2蛋白水平.结果显示,紫花地丁水提物、醇提物剂量依赖地降低脂多糖刺激巨噬细胞分泌NO、TNF-α、IL-6、IL-1β以及其iNOS、COX-2蛋白水平.相同剂量(100μg/mL)的紫花地丁醇提物抗炎活性优于水提物.结果表明,紫花地丁水提物、醇提物可抑制脂多糖刺激的RAW 264.7细胞炎症,其机制可能与抑制iNOS、COX-2蛋白表达,减少NO、TNF-α、IL-6、IL-1β等炎性因子的分泌有关.     

冠心康含药血清通过活化ERK5对ox-LDL负载的巨噬细胞胞葬作用的影响

目的:探讨冠心康通过活化ERK5抗动脉粥样硬化的潜在分子机制.方法:用ERK5抑制剂(ERK5-IN-1和XMD8-92)干预RAW264.7细胞,探讨ERK5失活对巨噬细胞胞葬作用的影响.用ox-LDL干预RAW264.7细胞建立巨噬细胞胞葬作用功能受损的细胞模型,然后在存在或不存在XMD8-92干预的情况下,用冠心康含药血清处理该细胞模型.流式细胞仪检测巨噬细胞的胞葬率,RT-qPCR和Western blot法检测巨噬细胞ERK5和C1qA的mRNA和蛋白的表达.结果:ERK5抑制剂XMD8-92和ERK5-IN-1均可抑制RAW264.7细胞的胞葬作用,抑制ERK5的活化和C1q A mRNA和蛋白的表达.冠心康含药血清可增强ox-LDL导致的受损的巨噬细胞胞葬作用,这一作用与冠心康活化ERK5和上调C1q A mRNA和蛋白的表达有关.结论:ERK5激酶的失活可通过下调C1qA的表达损伤巨噬细胞胞葬作用;冠心康可通过活化ERK5上调C1qA的表达,促进ox-LDL负载的巨噬细胞胞葬作用.     

蓝莓果实多酚提取物的抗炎活性研究

【目的】探索蓝莓果实多酚提取物的抗炎作用及其机理。【方法】采用RAW264.7巨噬细胞炎症模型,考察蓝莓果实多酚提取物对一氧化氮合酶(iNOS)基因和环氧合酶-2(COX-2)基因表达以及NO分泌量的影响。【结果】蓝莓果实多酚提取物能抑制脂多糖(LPS)诱导的巨噬细胞中NO的分泌,且随着浓度的增加NO分泌量逐渐降低; 蓝莓果实多酚提取物下调了iNOS和COX-2基因的表达; 参试的5个蓝莓品种果实多酚提取物的抗炎活性有差异。【结论】蓝莓果实多酚提取物能够抑制LPS诱导的RAW264.7巨噬细胞炎症反应,减少NO的分泌,下调被炎症因子激活的iNOS和COX-2基因的表达,从而缓解和抑制炎症的发生和发展。     

白英总皂苷的抗炎作用及机制研究

利用脂多糖刺激RAW 264.7细胞(小鼠单核巨噬细胞系)产生的炎性反应，检测了白英总皂苷对RAW264.7细胞的TNF-α、MD2和TLR4蛋白表达的影响，探讨了白英总皂苷在炎性反应中的作用及分子机制.结果表明：白英总皂苷对RAW264.7细胞无毒性作用，但对TNF-α蛋白表达有抑制作用，且这一过程可通过抑制MD2和TLR4蛋白的表达实现.     

威灵仙不同提取部位对脂多糖诱导的RAW264.7细胞NO生成及iNOS和TNF-α表达的影响

研究了威灵仙不同提取部位对脂多糖(LPS)诱导的RAW264.7细胞NO生成及iNOS和TNF-α分泌的作用.通过ELISA方法检测25、50、100μg/mL的威灵仙不同提取部位对LPS(1μg/mL)诱导RAW264.7细胞产生NO、iNOS和TNF-α的影响;实时定量PCR方法检测威灵仙不同提取部位对LPS诱导iNOS和TNF-α基因表达的影响.结果表明,LPS能够明显诱导RAW264.7细胞产生NO、iNOS和TNF-α,威灵仙不同提取部位(25、50、100μg/mL)均能抑制其活性和基因表达,并呈现明显的剂量依赖性,其作用强弱依次为威灵仙乙酸乙酯部位、石油醚部位、正丁醇部位和水部位.因此得出,威灵仙不同提取部位的抗炎作用效果不同;抑制炎症因子的分泌和释放可能是威灵仙发挥抗炎作用机制之一.     

人参皂苷Rb1通过抑制NF-κB信号通路减轻了大鼠佐剂性关节炎

本研究旨在探讨人参皂苷Rb1对佐剂性关节炎(AIA)大鼠的保护作用及机制.AIA大鼠腹腔注射给药Rb1,连续给药14 d,观察大鼠足肿胀、关节病理及血清炎症细胞因子水平.并通过体外实验检测Rb1对LPS诱导的RAW264.7细胞分泌NO、TNF-α及IL-6水平的影响,进一步评估Rb1的抗炎作用.Western blot检测关节滑膜及RAW264.7细胞中NF-κB信号通路相关蛋白表达,阐明Rb1抗RA作用机制.结果显示,Rb1显著减轻AIA大鼠足肿胀和关节破坏,降低血清TNF-α、IL-1β及IL-6水平并抑制LPS诱导的RAW264.7细胞分泌NO、TNF-α及IL-6水平.Western blot显示Rb1下调关节滑膜p-IκBα及p-p65的表达,上调RAW264.7细胞IκBα的表达.以上结果提示,Rb1对AIA大鼠具有保护作用,与抑制关节滑膜中NF-κB信号通路的激活有关.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.