动荷载作用下刚性路面动力响应特殊函数分析方法

本文将车辆轮胎的接地形状简化为矩形，将刚性路面视作弹性地基上的板，将行车荷载视为瞬间冲击作用，使用特殊函数描述。刚性路面受到冲击荷载作用产生的应力以空间波动的形式传播，建立三维波动方程，将振动波在刚性路面中传播过程简化为波动方程的初值问题。根据边界条件和初始条件，采用数学和力学方法对冲击荷载作用下刚性路面的动力响应进行了分析，得到刚性路面任意一点的运动规律。考虑材料的力学性质，可以得出路面中各点的位移的应力，同时可以得出任何一点达到最大应力时所需的时间，以及应力在刚性路面的消散过程。从而得到行车速度对刚性路面各点应力的影响。结果表明使用特殊函数法分析行车荷载作用下刚性路面的应力是合理的，车速越高对下层路面影响越小，结果比较符合实际，计算简单，便于应用。     

车辆随机及移动荷载作用下路面动态响应

为了探讨车辆随机动荷载对道路破坏的影响,基于二自由度1/4车辆振动模型,采用MATLAB/SIMULINK软件模拟得到车辆对路面作用的动荷载,采用ANSYS/APDL二次开发技术建立半刚性沥青路面三维有限元分析模型并实现随机动载加载,计算分析了路面在车辆随机动载作用下的动态响应规律,并与移动恒载计算结果进行比较。研究结果表明:随机动载与移动恒载作用下路面固定位置处的应力时程变化规律相似,而路面各层的应力极值波动情况明显不同,相对于固定位置处节点应力时程分析,路面各层的应力极值分布可以较好地反映车辆荷载的随机特征;随机荷载下路面各层的应力极值波动频率与所施加的动荷载波动频率相似,而且随着路面深度的增加,应力波动效应降低;随机荷载下路面应力响应数值大于移动恒载值,且随着路面不平度的增加应力响应数值变大,即在良好路面上随机荷载应力响应与移动恒载数值比较接近。     

竖向动态荷载作用下沥青路面力学响应分析

在动荷载作用下,沥青路面结构的应力、弯沉值变化规律同静载作用时不同。应用有限元程序NASTRAL对沥青路面在竖向动态载荷作用下的路面结构响应进行了数值模拟,分析了二维平面应变模型动态响应规律。指出在竖向动态荷载作用下,随着车速的增加,路面的最大弯沉将减少,其值视动载作用时间不同而为静载作用时的几分之一到十几分之一。当载荷消失后,路面内各计算点的应力值迅速减小,尤其竖向应力减小幅度更大。路面最大弯沉值与路面内各计算点的应力最大值出现时间不同,应力在载荷消失后立即达到最大值或延迟时间非常短,而弯沉最大值延迟时间相对较长。     

承压叠层圆柱的弹性分析

基于弹性理论,对轴向压力作用下的、由不同材料于径向方向上叠合而成的叠层圆柱的受力全过程进行力学分析,以研究轴向荷载作用下圆柱任意位置的应力值和应变值.考虑了三向应力的作用,分别求得每一叠层的弹性力学解,然后通过层间变形协调关系,建立了叠层圆柱从内叠层内边界到外叠层外边界间的递推关系,最后通过内外边界条件可对叠层圆柱内任意点的应力和应变进行求解.以3种不同形式的叠层承压圆柱为例,运用上述理论,对其弹性阶段的承载力进行了分析,该理论由于考虑了不同叠层泊松比所引起的叠层间挤压应力的影响,因而理论计算与有限元吻合很好.     

弹性地基上复合路面的受力分析

为探讨水泥混凝土路面上覆沥青层复合结构(PCC-AC)的设计计算方法,通过建立层状弹性地基上多层复合路面的统一计算模型,采用弹性地基上的多层薄板理论,得出了分离式路面和结合式路面的求解方法.并应用该方法对圆形均布荷载作用下双层地基上的沥青-混凝土复合路面进行了分析,其混凝土板底弯沉值及应力值与ANSYS有限元分析结果及规范方法吻合较好,表明用该方法计算PCC-AC结构水泥混凝土板荷载应力具有足够精度.     

沥青路面在半正弦荷载下的力学响应

研究轮胎/路面的接触印迹特征及随机荷载作用特点,采用ABAQUS软件构建路面结构三维有限元模型,对半正弦荷载作用下的沥青路面力学响应进行分析。结果表明,半正弦荷载作用下沥青路面的上面层和中面层出现应力应变集中,应力应变值随路面深度的增加而逐渐减小;沥青路面的竖向、横向及纵向应力最大值均出现在上面层,且竖向应力最大,横向应力次之,纵向应力最小;竖向、横向应变最大值出现在上面层,纵向应变最大值出现在上-中面层,且路面结构内部出现反复的纵向拉-压变形,这很可能是沥青路面轮迹带附近材料产生疲劳损坏的根本原因。另外,荷载作用时间和路面温度对沥青路面应变的影响要大于其对应力的影响,路面温度的升高导致应变增大且延迟了残余应变的恢复时间。     

考虑温度变化的柔性基层沥青路面结构力学分析

采用BISAR 3.0程序计算行车荷载在不同温度下两种柔性基层沥青路面结构的力学行为.荷载采用双圆均布垂直荷载,且为标准轴载BZZ-100,轮载P=25 k N,轮压p=0.7 MPa,半径d=0.106 5 m,层间接触状态为完全连续.通过计算结果分析比较路表弯沉、面层层底拉应力与剪应力以及基层层底拉应力与剪应力随温度变化规律情况,探索最优柔性路面结构形式.     

水泥混凝土路面加铺沥青层结构应力分析

为了指导旧路加铺工程合理设计,对加铺结构在交通荷载作用下的受力状态进行了分析。基于路面力学弹性层状体系理论,建立了旧路加铺路面的轴对称有限元模型。主要考虑交通荷载作用,分析了沥青加铺层层底拉应力、剪应力和旧水泥路面层底的拉应力等指标。考虑加铺层和应力吸收层模量的影响对路面结构的力学响应进行了分析计算。为了快速计算材料力学性能对路面结构受力的影响,基于数值计算结果给出一个路表弯沉和沥青加铺层底拉应力的简易计算公式。结果表明:在车辆轴载作用下,增设应力吸收层会减小路表弯沉、沥青层底拉应力、新旧层间的剪应力和水泥层底拉应力各项指标,对于改善路面结构受力状态有积极影响;随着沥青面层模量的增加,路表弯沉、沥青层底剪应力和水泥层底拉应力都趋于减小,但是沥青层底拉应力会增大。由此建议在旧水泥路面加铺沥青面层设计时,应适当选用高模量的沥青混凝土材料,可以缓解路面新旧层之间的剪切脱层破坏,进而延长旧路改造路面的服役寿命。     

旧水泥混凝土路面上沥青加铺层的应力分析

本文采用平面有限元方法,根据Goodman力学模型建立旧路面与加铺层层间结合条件,计算分析了具有接缝(或裂缝)的旧水泥混凝土路面上沥青加铺层在行车荷载和温度变化作用下的应力和位移状况,分析了反射裂缝产生发展的原因,以及加铺层厚度和应力消散夹层防治反射裂缝的作用,为合理地设计加铺层提供依据和计算方法。     

含裂缝沥青路面橡胶应力吸收层的最佳参数研究

目的找出不同等级交通荷载作用下沥青路面橡胶应力吸收层的最佳参数,从而提高路面的使用寿命.方法应用ABAQUS有限元软件建立含裂缝沥青路面三维力学模型,通过层底各应力和裂缝尖端应力强度因子的比较分析,确定橡胶应力吸收层的防裂效果;通过应力吸收层的模量和厚度与裂缝尖端处面层层底各应力的关系,确定最佳模量和厚度.结果在标准荷载BZZ-100作用下,橡胶应力吸收层的最佳模量建议取600 MPa,最佳厚度取2.5 cm.橡胶应力吸收层能够顺利的延缓并控制反射裂缝.在重载交通作用下,应力吸收层的最佳模量建议取800 MPa,最佳厚度取3 cm.结论路面橡胶应力吸收层可以对路面裂缝的产生起到抑制作用,应力吸收层的弹性模量及厚度直接影响路面裂缝的产生.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to