一步酸法水解菊粉生产高果糖浆

用黑曲霉突变株AJ1958产生的菊粉酶，水解菊粉抽提液生产高果糖浆．以6O目菊芋粉在水料比为6：1，料液pH3．0~3．5，60℃条件下浸泡0·5h，过滤，其菊粉抽提率可达95％以上．在每克菊粉投酶量120μmol／min下，水解菊粉抽提液6h～7h，水解率达到95％以上．调nH至4．2～4．5，经活性炭脱色，减压浓缩，得可溶性固形物浓度为0·77g／g以上，果糖含量0．90g／g以上，具有果糖纯正香味的高果糖浆．     

克鲁维酵母y－85菊粉酶水解菊粉的研究及其中试

克鲁维酵母（Ｋｌｕｖｅｒｏｍｙｃｅｓｓｐ．）Ｙ－８５在菊粉提取液培养基中生长产菊粉酶，其细胞和胞外的菊粉酶活力分别约占菊粉酶总活力的７６％和２４％．试验中以酶发酵液作酶液．该酶的Ｓ／Ｉ值为１５．２．酶液在５０，５５和６０℃下保温１ｈ，活力分别残留１００％，９６％和６５％；在８℃下放置７ｄ，１４ｄ，酶活力分别残留９８％和９６％．在ｐＨ３．６～７．０内，酶活性十分稳定．５ｍｍｏｌＬ－半胱氨酸和Ｆｅ＋２分别可使酶活力提高１０．４％和４１．２％．ｙ－８５菊粉酶水解菊粉的适宜条件是：底物为总糖浓度１０％～１５％菊粉提取液，ｐＨ５．０，温度为５５℃，酶用量为底物每克糖加酶８００ｕ（以蔗糖为底物测酶活力）或２６．３ｕ（以菊糖为底物测酶活力）、搅拌酶解６ｈ．在上述条件上，底物降解率最高可达９８．５％．酶解液中，果糖占总还原糖量的８５％．用１１００Ｌ罐进行酶解中试，５批试验，底物降解率平均达９４．２％．     

克鲁维酵母Y－85菊粉酶的研究

菊粉酶产生菌株─—克鲁维酵母Ｙ－８５在１５Ｌ罐中进行产酶发酵，培养２４ｈ，发酵液中菊粉酶的总活力可达１０３２ｕ／ｍｌ，其中胞壁酶活７６８ｕ／ｍｌ，占总酶活的７４％。用含半胱氨酸的缓冲液提取胞壁酶，酶的回收率达８８％，比活力可达１００８ｕ／ｍｇ．酶作用于菊糖的最适ｐＨ为４．５，最适温度为５０℃，在５０℃以下和ｐＨ４～８稳定，金属离子Ａｇ￣＋、Ｈｇ￣（２＋）对酶有强烈的抑制作用，ＰＣＭＢ对酶也有明显的抑制作用。该酶可水解菊糖，棉子糖和蔗糖等多种底物，能快速将菊芋抽提液中的菊糖水解成果糖，适合用于以菊芋为原料的高果糖浆生产。     

黑曲霉AJ1958菊粉酶的产生和性质

从菊芋根际土壤中分离出一株菊粉酶（ＩｎｕｌｉｎａｓｅＥ．Ｃ．３．２．１．７）产生菌，经物理和化学诱变得高酶活黑曲霉突变株ＡＪ１９５８．该菌株在培养基（０．０７ｇ／ｍＬ菊芋提取液１０００ｍＬ，豆饼粉５ｇ，麸皮５ｇ，ＫＣＩ０．７ｇ，ＦｅＳＯ４·７Ｈ２Ｏ０．０１ｇ，ＭｇＳＯ４·７Ｈ２Ｏ０．５ｇ，ＰＨ５．０）中，于３０℃振荡培养３ｄ，酶活力可达６４μｍｏｌ·ｍｉｎ－１．酶水解反应的最适ＰＨ为３．０～４．０，最适温度为６０℃，在ＰＨ２．５～５．５的范围内和７５℃以下较稳定．适宜条件下，１０ｈ内０．０５ｇ／ｍＬ的菊粉溶液中之底物几乎１００％被酶水解．产物糖中果糖质量分数为９３％，葡萄糖质量分数为５．６％．该突变株产生的菊粉酶具有较满意的水解性和热稳定性．     

激光复合诱变黑曲霉原生质体选育热稳定菊粉酶高产菌

以菊粉酶产生菌黑曲霉ＡＳ－４原生质体为对象,经激光和亚硝基胍复合诱变,从大量突变株中最终选育出高产热稳定的菊粉酶产生菌ＡＬ－１５４．在以菊芋提取液为碳源、玉米浆加０．３％酵母膏为氮源的基本培养基中,菊粉酶活力达１４６．３ｕ／ｍＬ,比出发株提高近３倍．其产酶最适营养条件为：起始ｐＨ４．５～５．０,２８～３０℃,３６ｈ时产酶量达最高．酶作用最适条件为ｐＨ５．０,６０℃;该酶遗传性能稳定,热稳定性强,６０℃保温处理２ｈ,其酶活性不变,６５℃保温３０ｍｉｎ,仍保留９８％的初始酶活     

菊粉酶产生菌的选育及发酵条件

野生型黑曲霉ＡＪ１４０５经紫外线、硫酸二乙酯和亚硝基胍等多代诱变处理，获得一株产菊粉酶（ＩｎｕｌｉｎａｓｅＥ．Ｃ．３．２．１．７）能力较高的变异菌株ＡＪ１９５８．连续传代１０次，ＡＪ１９５８突变株无衰退，是稳定的变异菌株．其产生的菊粉酶只被菊粉（Ｉｎｕｌｉｎ），而不被蔗糖、淀粉、纤维素、葡萄糖或果糖诱导．在１０００ｍＬ０．０７ｇ／ｍＬ菊芋提取液中添加豆饼粉５ｇ，麸皮５ｇ，２５０ｍＬ三角瓶中装５０ｍＬ培养液，于３０℃，１２０ｒ／ｍｉｎ旋转式摇床振荡培养３ｄ，酶活力可达６４μｍｏｌ·ｍｉｎ（－１）．Ｋ＋，Ｆｅ（２＋），Ｍｇ（２＋）对酶形成有促进作用．     

固定化菊粉酶连续降解菊芋果聚糖的研究

克鲁维酵母（Ｋｌｕｙｖｅｒｏｍｙｃｅｓｓｐ．）Ｙ－８５产生并经部分纯化的胞内菊粉酶（ｅｎｄｏｃｅｌｕｌａｒｉｎｕｌｉｎａｓｅ）,采用共价键交联吸附法固定化．以菊芋果聚糖为底物测定,所制得固定化酶在ｐＨ５．０和温度５５℃下反应显示最大活性,对热的稳定性和贮存稳定性比游离酶明显提高,并显示出外切菊粉酶（ｅｘｏｉｎｕｌｉｎａｓｅ）性质．在装有１７．６ｍＬ固定化酶填充床反应器（ｐａｃｋｅｄ－ｂｅｄｒｅａｃｔｏｒ）中,以１．７ｈ－１的空间速度进料,５０℃下连续操作４ｄ,４．５％菊芋果聚糖液可被１００％降解,反应器定容产率为７７．０ｇ·Ｌ－１·ｈ－１,半衰期２７ｄ,降解产物（总糖）含８５％果糖     

从菊芋制备菊粉糖液的方法和菊芋干片成分分析

通过多种方法开展试验并对其结果进行比较，建立了用菊芋制备菊粉糖液的最佳方法。对菊芋干片主要的成分的分析表明：含菊粉５４．０７％，蛋白质８．８６％，脂肪１．４５％，粗纤维３．５６％，灰分３．６５％，水分８．３９％。     

从菊芋制备菊粉精液的方法和菊芋干片成分分析

通过多种方法开展试验并对其结果进行比较，建立了用菊芋制备菊粉糖液的最佳方法．对菊芋干片主要成分的分析表明：含菊粉５４．０７％，蛋白质８．８６％，脂肪１．４５％，粗纤维３．５６％，灰分３．６５％，水分８．３９％．     

产菊糖酶菌株的选育及其营养需求的研究

从４７种真菌中筛选中２株能分解菊芋菊糖并产生低聚果糖的菌株,摇瓶发酵的适当条件为,基质含菊糖提取物４％,蛋白胨０．３％,尿素０．２％,温度３１℃,摇床转速２００ｒ／ｍｉｎ,培养时间４２ｈ,最高产菊糖酶达２４０．３ｕ／ｍＬ,颗糖相对于菊糖的转化率最高为８１．４％,直接用固体菊芋粉接种培养所选菌种,加水保温,分解菊芋粉中的菊糖生产低聚果糖,在适宜的营养条件下,低聚果糖相对于菊芋粉的最高转化率为１４％。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-