低截取比CPC空气集热器及其性能试验研究

为实现太阳能空气集热器的高效利用,设计了一种采用低截取比CPC作为聚光器的空气集热器.基于晴天和多云工况下对该CPC空气集热器的热性能进行测试.结果表明,在晴天无云的天气条件下,集热器最大出口温度可达200℃,平均集热效率达到0.3;在多云天气下,集热器最大出口温度达到170℃,CPC集热器表现出良好的集热性能.通过计...     

扰流板型太阳能平板空气集热器集热性能

对一种扰流板型太阳能平板空气集热器的集热性能进行了研究,并对各种影响集热器热性能的因素进行了分析,揭示了总热损失系数、扰流板肋片效率、流道内空气流速和扰流板的间距对效率因子和热迁移因子的影响机理.获得了扰流板型太阳能平板空气集热器的集热效率理论表达式,为此类太阳能空气集热器的设计及应用提供了参考.     

折流板型太阳能空气集热器数值优化

通过数值求解基于雷诺时均的三维定常粘性N-S方程及能量方程,改变结构、特性及运行参数,对折流板型太阳能空气集热器进行了数值优化,模拟结果表明:折流板的引入可有效提高集热效率,同时对于特定尺度的折流板集热器,存在最优分割腔数;增加集热器上部盖板的保温能力可有效提高集热效率,实际使用中推荐保温能力较好的双玻盖板或适当增加空气间层厚度;集热器的热损失以对流散热占主导,辐射散热为次要因素;运行参数如气温、日照强度等对集热器进出口温升影响显著,但对集热效率影响较小。     

Ⅰ型太阳能空气集热器传热性能分析

研究了太阳能空气集热器Ⅰ型的传热性能,建立了基于一维假设下的热量传递的数学模型,导出了准静态条件下沿程温度分布、出口温度、全天集热效率的近似解.通过计算,分析了进口温度、工质流速、流道深度对集热器传热性能的影响,计算结果表明全天集热效率随工质流速的增大而增大、随进口温度的升高而急剧下降、随着流道深度的增加,集热效率迅速增大到最大值后逐渐减小.     

I型太阳能空气集热器传热性能分析

研究了太阳能空气集热器I型的传热性能，建立了基于一维假设下的热量传递的数学模型，导出了准静态条件下沿程温度分布、出口温度、全天集热效率的近似解．通过计算，分析了进口温度、工质流速、流道深度对集热器传热性能的影响，计算结果表明全天集热效率随工质流速的增大而增大、随进口温度的升高而急剧下降、随着流道深度的增加，集热效率迅速增大到最大值后逐渐减小．     

一种新型渗透式太阳能空气集热器的热性能研究

设计制作了一种新型平板型、渗透式太阳能空气集热器,介绍了该集热器的结构、尺寸及工作原理,并以该集热器为研究对象,建立了数学模型,进行了实验测试.结果表明,在辐射水平较高且稳定、风速较小的测试条件下,该集热器的性能稳定,集热效率和出风温度较高,具有一定的推广与应用潜力;同时,所建数学模型准确可靠,可用来对集热器进行模拟分析.     

平板型双流道太阳能空气集热器扰流板结构优化

构建了平板型双流道太阳能空气集热器,提出了安装开孔型扰流板的结构优化方案,将该方案与安装平面无孔式扰流板及无扰流板集热器进行了对比分析.结果表明,安装平面无孔式扰流板后,集热器背部区域会形成局部空气流动死区,而安装开孔型扰流板可以破坏和抑制流动死区的形成,从而提高集热器的集热效率和热性能.相比未安装扰流板的原始模型,安装扰流板后集热效率由53.4%增加到67.9%.     

太阳能双效集热器流道结构优化数值模拟研究

双效集热器通过吸收太阳辐照能对低温的水和空气进行加热,实现太阳能的综合利用.为提高集热器的工作效率,提出一种翅片-挡板式换热流道,利用CFD技术模拟适用于空气/水双工质循环的高效换热结构,并通过温度分布云图对比分析换热结构在空气集热模式、水集热模式、空气-水复合集热模式下的传热特性.太阳辐照度800 W/m2,空气流量0.012 kg/s,水流量0.036 kg/s的模拟工况下,翅片-挡板式集热器的空气集热效率达到55.39％,相比单一的翅片式流道效率提升2.26％;增设的挡板式结构对水集热过程没有明显影响,但空气-水复合集热模式下翅片-挡板式流道空气出口温度更高,集热器的综合集热效率得到进一步提升.     

新型太阳能空气集热器性能研究及供暖测试

太阳能作为清洁可再生能源在供暖领域得到越来越多的应用,集热器作为太阳能热利用的核心部件在供暖方面发挥了重要作用。为了获得新型双通真空管太阳能空气集热器热性能,通过搭建测试平台对其进行试验研究。试验结果表明：新型双通真空管太阳能空气集热器,热性能较优,集热器平均瞬时集热效率为66.7%,与普通空气集热器相比,效率更高;集热器热损较小,最大为2.092 W/（m2·℃）。基于该集热器组成太阳能+电加热联合采暖系统,并对不同天气条件下单独采用该集热器的太阳能供暖系统的运行效果进行初步测试分析,结果表明:单独使用该集热器进行供暖的房间,当太阳辐照强度持续大于250 W/m2,集热器出风温度高于30 ℃,室内温度高于16 ℃的时长可达6～7小时,可满足白天大部分时间段供暖需求,供暖效果较优。研究结果可为太阳能空气集热器供暖系统在农村地区的应用及推广提供参考。     

交叉V型吸热板-底板太阳能空气集热器热性能的数值模拟

应用太阳载荷模型,利用FLUENT软件对九个交叉V型吸热板-底板太阳能空气集热器进行了数值模拟,得到集热器的热效率、出口温度、热损和吸热板温度,并对其进行了对比分析,发现集热器的热效率随着空气流道高度的增大而减小,热损失、吸热板温度和出口温度随着空气流道高度的增大而增大,最大效率为34.60%,最高出口温度为355.13 K.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.