具有投资收益的多险种复合负二项风险模型的破产概率

在经典风险模型的基础上,考虑到投保集体的不同质性,建立了保费收取过程和理赔过程均为负二项过程、投资收益率为常数的多险种随机风险模型,通过分析盈利过程的性质,得到终极破产概率的计算公式和破产概率上界的Lundberg不等式,特别地,给出了两险种时,保费和理赔额服从指数分布下破产概率的精确表达式。结果表明:在投资收益一定时,保险公司增加用于投资的金额,可以降低破产概率,从而规避风险。     

一类随机利率和通货膨胀因素下的风险模型

为研究随机利率和通货膨胀因素以及免赔额情况下的破产概率,将索赔次数随机变量表示为复合Poisson-Geometric过程,保费收入次数表示为Poisson过程,建立了一类随机利率和通货膨胀双重因素下的风险模型.采用鞅论的方法研究得到该模型下的破产概率的一般式,当个体理赔额和保费收入服从指数分布时,利用条件概率给出了破产时盈余的分布及该情况下破产概率的具体公式.结果表明:在鞅论基础上用概率的方法所得到的破产概率公式更具体和明确.     

索赔为稀疏过程的风险模型

保费收取过程为Poisson过程时,利用Poisson过程在随机选择下的不变性,讨论索赔为稀疏过程的风险模型的破产概率,并证明Lundberg不等式和破产概率的一般公式。     

有投资回报的更新风险模型的破产概率的上界(英）

研究了在投资回报过程为指数勒维过程的情形下的更新风险模型的的破产问题. 通过构造一个和破产时刻有关的上鞅, 得到了终极破产概率的鞅上界,并用数值方法考察了理赔间隔的分布对破产概率的影响.     

带干扰的多险种比例再保险风险模型

为降低保险公司的破产概率,采用条件期望和随机过程理论,在利率,通货膨胀率,变破产下限和多险种的干扰下,考虑了一类带稀疏过程和比例再保险的风险模型,推导出模型的最终破产概率表达式及其上界.对下限函数给出了特定情况下的破产概率.研究结果表明:破产概率随调节系数、利率、比例系数的增大而减小,随通货膨胀率、破产下限的增大而增大,而增加比例系数会降低期望盈余,所以保险公司只能在盈余和破产之间找到合适自己的平衡点.     

复合二项分布下多险种的负风险模型

考虑了离散的复合二项分布下多险种的负风险模型.其中,保险公司的保费收入是一个负的常数,并且索赔过程为复合二项过程模型的多险种风险过程.通过构建有关索赔过程的期望方程给出了调节系数的定义,并通过鞅论得到了破产概率的Lundberg不等式(伦德伯格不等式),运用更新理论与递归的手法获得了破产概率的关系式以及破产概率确切的表达式.而且,最后根据破产概率的具体表达式给出了关于破产概率的一个极限值.     

破产概率更新方程的新推导方法

更新方程是得到破产概率的核心等式,通常是对盈余过程和破产概率的数学解析而得到.考虑经典风险和常利率风险两种模型,给出更新方程的新的推导方法:破产前瞬时盈余瑕疵密度正则化后即为破产概率;当索赔为指数分布时,研究了破产赤字和破产前瞬时盈余瑕疵密度正则化后的独立性.     

具有随机保费收入的多险种风险模型

本文将经典的破产模型中的保险费收到次数看作Possion过程,单一险种改进为多险种模型,考虑带干扰新模型的最终破产概率的一般式和破产概率的上界估计。     

一类带延迟风险模型的破产概率的递推计算

考虑了一类带延迟的风险模型的破产概率问题.索赔记数过程为泊松过程,在泊松过程的每个跳跃点都有两类风险发生,其中一类的索赔会延迟.对该类风险模型,利用拉普拉斯变换和所满足的微分方程,给出了破产概率的递推计算公式,从而解决了最终破产概率的近似求法.     

理赔额受限下的风险过程

在风险过程中考虑了免赔额及其赔偿限额对风险过程的影响,得到理赔额受限下的风险过程的破产概率.在索赔分布为指数分布时,得到破产概率与免赔额及其赔偿限额的具体关系式,并对不同免赔额及赔偿限额情况下的破产概率进行数值比较.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.