脂肪族高效减水剂的合成工艺

以甲醛、丙酮和亚硫酸钠为主要原料合成了脂肪族羟基磺酸盐高效减水剂。研究了原料配比、亚硫酸钠浓度、聚合温度以及聚合时间对产物分散性能的影响,确定了合成脂肪族羟基磺酸盐高效减水剂的优化工艺条件。优化的工艺条件是:n(丙酮)∶n(甲醛)∶n(亚硫酸钠)=1∶2∶0.4,聚合温度是90℃,聚合时间是3h。在此工艺条件下,掺量为1%产物的净浆流动度为145 mm,减水率达到了11%,固含量达到了25%。     

纳米MnO2溶氧电极催化剂制备研究

纳米材料具有特殊的物理化学性能,发展迅速。具有催化功能的纳米二氧化锰材料更是在电催化领域应用广泛。文中采用通过溶胶-乳状液-凝胶法制备了纳米MnO2,探讨了不同的表面活性剂、凝胶剂(三乙胺)的用量对纳米MnO2形貌、粒径和分散性能的影响。随后,研究了不同催化剂含量对空气电极阴极性能的影响进行了研究,探讨了催化层的最佳工艺条件。研究表明:采用溶胶-乳状液-凝胶体系,在油∶溶胶为4∶1,乳状液∶三乙胺体积比为8∶3的条件下制备的纳米二氧化锰,其粒度基本在200 nm以下;采用该二氧化锰制备的空气电极,电极催化层的最佳工艺条件为:催化层中催化剂、活性炭、60%PTFE乳液、助剂的比例为3.0∶2.0∶6.82∶0.05.配合使用80目导电镍网骨架用,合适的防水透气层,在7 mol/L的KOH电解液中,氧还原电流密度最大,可达197.4 mA/cm2,可以形成最大的生氧量68.3 mL/min,性能稳定的溶氧制氧电极。     

由淀粉合成烷基糖苷及其性能研究

以玉米淀粉、1,2-丙二醇、十二醇为原料,在浓H2SO4催化下采用转糖苷化法合成了十二烷基糖苷.通过均匀设计法优选出最佳工艺条件:糖苷化温度125℃;n(经折合的淀粉中葡萄糖单元)∶n(1,2-丙二醇)∶n(十二醇)∶n(浓H2SO4)=1∶6∶6∶0.0014;在此条件下总糖苷得率为181.1%.探讨了该产品的表面性能.     

磺化丙酮甲醛缩聚物的合成原理及最优工艺探讨

以丙酮、甲醛和焦亚硫酸钠为主要原料合成了磺化丙酮甲醛缩聚物,阐述了其化学反应原理,用正交实验方法对反应条件及合成单体配比对其水泥分散性能的影响进行了研究,优选了实验参数。结果表明,磺化丙酮甲醛缩聚物合成的最佳工艺条件为:(1)原料配比为丙酮(A)∶甲醛(F)∶焦亚硫酸钠(S2)∶氢氧化钠(N)=1∶2.2∶0.28∶0.46。(2)加料方式采取控温滴加甲醛的方式。(3)加成缩合反应温度为60±5℃,2~5 h滴完并保温。(4)热缩合反应温度为90~95℃,时间为2 h。     

淀粉基烷基糖苷制备环保型洗涤剂

以凹凸棒土为无机助剂,用正交实验优化了以淀粉基烷基糖苷(APG)为主表面活性剂的复配液体洗涤剂的工艺.结果表明,最佳工艺条件为:主要原料配比mAPG∶mALS∶mAES∶m6501=12∶9∶3∶1,在55℃下,混合1.5~1.8 h,凹凸棒土用量1.5%.产品起泡性能好,去污力强,对皮肤刺激性低,稳定性好.     

锂离子电池正极材料尖晶石LiMn_2O_4的固相合成与表征

对高温固相烧结法制备锂离子电池正极材料的合成工艺进行研究.根据正交试验结果确定的最佳合成工艺条件为反应温度750 ℃,反应时间24 h,锂锰原子数之比nLi∶nMn=1.05∶2.对优化条件下合成的正极材料LiMn2O4进行X射线衍射分析、扫描电镜观察和电化学性能检测.结果表明,该工艺条件下合成的LiMn2O4粉体具有良好的尖晶石结构形貌.组装成的电池在常温下初始比容量为97.38 mA*h/g.     

菠萝叶纤维脱胶工艺研究

以菠萝叶原麻为原材料,研究不同浸酸、碱煮工艺条件下,菠萝叶纤维抑菌性能及可纺性能变化。实验结果表明,当菠萝叶纤维浸酸工艺条件为:采用25g·L~(-1)的H_2SO_4在浴比为1∶50,温度为55℃的条件下浸酸60min;碱煮工艺条件为:采用15g·L~(-1)的NaOH,4g·L~(-1)的Na_2SO_3,3g·L~(-1)的Na_2SiO_3,2%的JFC渗透剂(对纤维质量比),在浴比1∶30,温度为100℃的条件下煮练120min,菠萝叶纤维的可纺性能及抑菌性能较好。     

微波辐射紫茉莉种子壳制备活性碳的研究

在微波辐射下,以紫茉莉种子壳为原料,磷酸为活化剂制得了粉状活性炭。采用单因素实验法研究了壳粉、磷酸和水的质量比、微波功率、辐射时间等对活性炭性能的影响。确定了微波辐射紫茉莉种子壳制活性炭的最佳工艺条件,测定了活性炭的比表面积。研究结果表明:当m壳粉∶m磷酸∶m水=1∶3∶1.5,微波功率为800 W,辐射时间为15 min时,产品活性炭的比表面积达1583 m2/g、收率为38.8%。     

工艺因素对镁质耐火浇注料物理性能的影响

研究镁质浇注料的各种主要工艺因素（包括骨料配比、细粉、结合剂、微粉、外加剂和成型水量）与其物理性能之间的关系,进而获得镁质浇注料的较优化组成。当骨料粒度组成为8~5 mm∶5~3 mm∶3~1 mm∶1~0 mm=10∶20∶20∶20,细粉加入量约为30%时,浇注料的各项性能最佳。随着水泥含量的增加,浇注料的强度逐渐增大,浇注料性能以Secar-71水泥为结合剂较好,其适宜的加入为7%。添加-αAl2O3微粉和SiO2微粉有利于改善浇注料的流变性和烧结性,提高浇注料的强度。分散剂三聚磷酸钠和六偏磷酸钠的加入有利于改善浇注料的强度和体积密度。     

新型柴油HDN催化剂的制备与性能研究

采用改进的溶胶凝胶法制备的TiO2-ZrO2-SiO2三元复合载体并负载磷化钼制备了MoP/TiO2-ZrO2-SiO2新型加氢脱氮催化剂.以喹啉为模型化合物,考察催化剂的加氢脱氮性能,得出n(Ti)∶n(Zr)∶n(Si)为6∶1∶10时复合载体催化剂的催化性能最好.由BET的结果可知,T6Z1S10复合载体具有较大的比表面积和孔径.XRD衍射峰中锐钛矿特征峰宽而尖锐,趋于完善.确定了反应的最佳工艺条件:温度380℃,空速2.0 h-1,压力3.0 MPa,φ(氢)∶φ(油)为500.原位还原法制备磷化钼催化剂,还原条件对加氢活性影响较大,确定最佳原位还原条件为:升温速率2℃.m in-1,还原气流速60 mL.m in-1,还原压力为0.5 MPa,还原终温为600℃.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.