南方鲇对水体Cd暴露的急性中毒效应

【目的】考查南方鲇(Silurus meridionalis)对 Cd胁迫的毒 理 反 应。【方 法】以 人 工 繁 育 获 得 的 体 质 量 为(20.80±0.51)g的南方鲇当年幼鱼为研究对象,在水体硬度为25mg·L-1(以 Ca CO3质量浓度计)、水温为(27.5±0.5)℃、水体Cd2+质量浓度分别为0,4.0,5.0,6.0,7.0,8.0mg·L-1条件下进行了96h急性暴露实验,测定了该物种96h半致死浓度(LC50)、肝线粒体状态3呼吸率、细胞色素 C氧化酶(CCO)活性以及脑组织乙酰胆碱酯酶(ACh E)活性。【结果】水体中Cd2+对南方鲇的96h LC50为5.46mg·L-1;在水体中质量浓度分别为0,4.0,5.0,6.0,7.0 mg·L-1的Cd2+暴露处理下,实验鱼的肝脏线粒体状态3呼吸率随着水体 Cd2+的质量浓度增加而降低,分别为(42.20±2.50),(34.97±1.61),(32.29±1.40),(31.63±1.82),(28.69±1.69)nmol·min-1·mg-1,且不同质量浓度 Cd2+暴露处理组的测得值均比对照组的更低,与后者的差异均具有统计学意义(p<0.05);肝脏线粒体的呼吸控制率(RCR)随着水体 Cd2+的质量浓度升高而呈降低趋势,且不同质量浓度 Cd2+暴露处理组肝脏线粒体的RCR均比对照组的更低,与后者的差异均具有统计学意义(p<0.05);实验鱼肝线粒体 CCO 的活性随着水体 Cd2+暴露质量浓度的增加而降低,且质量浓度为7.0mg·L-1的Cd2+暴露处理组的这一指标值比对照组的更低,差异具有统计学意义(p<0.05);不同质量浓度 Cd2+暴露处理组实验鱼脑组织ACh E活性均比对照组的更低,与后者的差异均具有统计学意义(p<0.05)。【结论】南方鲇对水体 Cd2+暴露的耐受能力相对较强;受到 Cd2+暴露的实验鱼肝脏线粒体状态3呼吸率、CCO 活性和 RCR 降低结果提示:在 Cd2+急性胁迫下线粒体功能受到损伤,呼吸代谢能力减弱;急性水体 Cd2+暴露抑制了实验鱼的脑组织ACh E活性,使鱼体神经系统功能损伤,导致鱼体行为异常。
     

自然水体生物膜中真菌结构与组成特征初步研究

为深入了解自然水体生物膜中真菌结构和组成特征,本研究以松花江水体生物膜为例,利用高通量测序技术对自然水体生物膜中的真菌ITS1基因进行了序列测试与分析,研究自然水体生物膜中真菌的多样性和组成特征。研究结果表明：(1)生物膜中真菌分属于8个门、20个纲、39个目、59个科和61个属。(2)真菌优势门为结合菌门,丰度约为43.23 ± 0.88 %,次优势菌门为担子菌门和聚合菌门,丰度分别约为13.70 ± 2.88 %和9.90 ± 2.83 %;优势属为蛙粪霉属,丰度为36.26 ± 9.07 %。     

基于镭同位素示踪方法的大风江河口水体滞留时间估算

为评估广西北部湾沿岸的重要入海河流河口区——大风江河口的水体更新速率,本研究对大风江河口水体中的²²⁴Ra和²²³Ra放射性活度进行测定,基于短长半衰期镭同位素的活度比值,对大风江河口的水体滞留时间进行估算,得出大风江河口枯季的平均水体滞留时间为(8.36±2.88) d。整体来讲,大风江河口的水体更新速率相对较慢,在其遭受陆源污染时应在相应时间尺度上进行污染防控,以期为大风江河口水体的物质交换和输运提供基础信息。     

膜生物反应器处理景观水体的研究

采用膜生物反应器处理新河东干渠的水体,实验结果显示:其出水透明、无色无味,感官性状良好,出水浊度平均值为0.23 NTU;出水CODCr在30 mg/L以下,去除率达到70%左右;NH3-N的出水浓度在2 mg/L以下,去除率在90%以上;TN的出水浓度在15 mg/L以下,去除率在50%左右;TP的出水浓度在0.5 mg/L以下,去除率在50%左右。其出水指标均达到《城市污水再生利用景观环境用水水质》(GB/T 18921-2002)标准的规定。     

斑鳢人工繁殖的初步研究

在闽南地区 4月底 ,试验雌斑鳢体重为 (375 .8± 118.6 0 )g ,性腺发育已进入Ⅳ期 ,其卵巢重为 (2 0 .4± 9.4 9)g、成熟系数为 (5 .2 3± 1.17) %、绝对怀卵量为 (116 4 3.33± 6 2 36 .98)粒、相对怀卵量为 (2 9.0 7± 7.37)粒 ,成熟卵粒卵径 1.4～ 1.5mm .在水温2 4℃～ 2 7℃条件下 ,采用LRH -A3+HCG二次注射催熟催产 ,效应时间 2 2～ 6 8h ,自然产卵或人工授精 ,获卵量 2 90 0 0粒 ,受精率 32 %～ 98% ,静水或充气孵化 ,孵化时间 38～ 4 2h ,孵化率 0 .4 %～ 13.18% ,孵出仔鱼 2 4 5 8尾     

从脐血单个核细胞定向诱导巨核细胞的生成

采用 SCF、TPO、IL- 3、IL- 6、IL- 1细胞因子 ,从脐血单个核细胞定向诱导巨核细胞的形成。比较了 SCF+ TPO+ IL- 1、SCF+ TPO+ IL- 3、SCF+ TPO+ IL- 63种细胞因子组合对刺激巨核细胞生成的作用 ,经体外培养 8d后 ,CD41 + 细胞占培养物的比例分别达到 ( 5 .64± 0 .77) %、( 5 .73± 1 .2 4 ) %和 ( 2 0 .1± 2 .5 3) % ;每 1 0 4个细胞可形成巨核祖细胞集落形成单位 ( CFU- MK)为( 1 3.7± 5 .7)个、( 1 5 .0± 3.6)个和 ( 93.7± 1 6.0 )个。在 SCF+ TPO+ IL- 6体系中增加 IL- 6的浓度 ,可提高培养液中 CD41 + 细胞的纯度。当 IL- 6的浓度从 1 0μg/L增加到 5 0μg/L时 ,CD41 + 细胞的比例可从 ( 2 0 .1± 2 .5 3) %提高到 ( 2 6.81± 3.2 0 ) % ,但每 1 0 4个细胞形成 CFU- MK数目却从( 93.7± 1 6.0 )个减少到 ( 4 5± 8.6)个 ;这说明 IL- 6对巨核细胞的刺激主要作用在其发育的后期。采用 SCF+ TPO+ IL- 3+ IL - 6细胞因子组合 ,由 1× 1 0 6个单个核细胞培养一周后可诱导出 ( 1 .61±0 .5 8)× 1 0 5个 CD41 + 细胞 ,占培养物的比例可达到 ( 1 8.8± 1 .64) % ,每 1 0 4个细胞形成 CFU- MK数目可达到 ( 1 2 1 .8± 1 0 .3)个。这一结果为进一步体外大量扩增巨核细胞提供了基础     

几种脊椎动物红细胞生理特性的比较研究

对几种脊椎动物 (家鸽、蟾蜍、鲫鱼 )的红细胞渗透脆性、红细胞沉降率及红细胞比容几项生理特性进行了初步比较研究 .结果 :①家鸽红细胞最大渗透脆性为 0 .82 %± 0 .13 %NaCl溶液 (0 .5 0 %～ 1.0 0 % ) ,最小渗透脆性为 0 .44 %± 0 .0 4%NaCl溶液(0 .3 5 %～ 0 .5 0 % ) ;蟾蜍分别为 0 .2 1%± 0 .0 3 %NaCl溶液 (0 .18%～ 0 .3 0 % )和 0 .14 %± 0 .0 3 %NaCl溶液 (0 .10 %～ 0 .2 0 % ) ;鲫鱼分别为 0 .2 8%± 0 .0 4%NaCl溶液 (0 .2 2 %～ 0 .3 0 % )和 0 .2 0 %± 0 .0 3 %NaCl溶液 (0 15 %～ 0 .2 5 % ) .②家鸽红细胞沉降率为 4.2 4±2 .2 3mm/ 1h末 (1～ 10mm/ 1h末 ) ;蟾蜍为 11.0 3± 4.2 6mm/ 1h末 (4～ 2 7mm/ 1h末 ) ;鲫鱼为 3 .80± 0 .62mm/ 1h末(3～ 5mm/ 1h末 ) .③家鸽红细胞比容为 48.73 %± 7.11% (3 4.8%～ 5 9.2 % ) ;蟾蜍为 2 2 .77%± 8.5 2 % (7.3 %～ 41.8% ) ;鲫鱼为3 9.40 %± 7.5 3 % (2 2 .3 %～ 48.7% ) .本文对上述几种脊椎动物的红细胞生理特性的结果进行了统计学显著性检验 .     

注射用穿琥宁稳定性考察与有效期预测

注射用穿琥宁稳定性考察采用中国药典中法定稳定性试验 ,在温度 (2 5± 2 )℃ ,相对湿度 (6 0± 10 ) %的条件下进行 18个月的考核 ,测定其标示量的变化 ,并应用统计学原理计算出有效期 ,其有效期可达 2年以上 ,可信度 >95 %。     

二类水体悬浮泥沙遥感反演算法综述

鉴于二类水体本身光学性质的复杂性及其与人类生产活动的密切关系,利用遥感数据监测二类水体水质受到了国内外学者的普遍关注,成为海洋学领域的热点问题。悬浮泥沙含量是表征水质优劣的一个重要参数,众多研究致力于建立悬浮泥沙反演模型的研究,定量反演二类水体悬浮泥沙浓度。该文总结了近年来二类水体悬浮泥沙遥感反演算法的研究进展。悬浮泥沙定量反演模型大致可分为以下三类：1）利用水体光学特性和水体组分之间关系建立的经验模型;2）综合经验模型和物理模型构建的半分析模型;3）基于辐射传输模型和生物光学模型建立的物理模型。针对目前反演算法存在的主要问题,提出未来的研究需加强反射率光谱曲线研究、开发高光谱遥感数据以及综合多源数据信息等方面的内容。     

苦楝果提取物对桑天牛产卵量及卵孵化率的影响

以用一定浓度的苦楝果提取物处理的构树枝条作为天牛的食物 ,研究了其对桑天牛产卵及卵孵化的影响。在室温下用苦楝果提取物 5 0 0mg/kg处理枝条 ,处理组天牛 ( 7对 )在1 5天试验中 ,7对天牛日平均产卵量为 8.5 3± 2 .35个 ,而对照组 7对天牛日平均产卵量为1 5 .80± 0 .98个。经T检验处理组与对照组之间差异极显著。用 2 5 0、1 0 0 0、2 0 0 0mg/kg的苦楝果提取物处理枝条 ,在 1 5天试验中 ,7对天牛日平均产卵量分别为 8.0 6± 2 .90、6.73± 3.82、5 .2 0± 1 .74个 ,而对照组 7对天牛的日平均产卵量为 1 3.73± 2 .90个。经T检验它们与对照之间差异极显著。取食含苦楝果提取物 2 5 0、1 0 0 0、2 0 0 0mg/kg处理枝条后 ,天牛产的卵分别需经 1 2、1 5、1 9d达到其最终孵化率 94.2 1 %、87.1 2 %、43.5 8% ;而对照组 1 1d达到最终孵化率 99.5 0 %。并据上述结果提出并讨论了应用苦楝果提取物防治桑天牛的前景     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.