Y_2O_3/GeO_2/环氧树脂基辐射防护材料的制备及性能研究

用表面处理稀土氧化物Y_2O_3,GeO_2的方法制备了Y_2O_3/GeO_2/环氧树脂辐射防护材料.采用X射线衍射仪(XRD)研究了材料的微观结构;用多道γ谱仪测试并分析了材料的辐射防护能力.结果表明,制得的材料中的Y_2O_3和GeO_2粒子并未与环氧树脂发生键和反应,Y_2O_3与GeO_2粉末的加入明显提升了材料防护射线的效果.     

H2O在金红石型IrO2(110)和RuO2(110)表面吸附的DFT分析

采用密度泛函理论(DFT)中的广义梯度近似(GGA),利用VASP软件包对IrO_2(110)和RuO_2(110)表面吸附H_2O的特性进行计算.结果表明其存在两种吸附方式,即H_2O在不饱和配位Mecus(Me代表Ir或Ru原子,下同)上分别以垂直(110)面且氢原子向上的Mecus-up和平行(110)面的Mecus-par的吸附.Mecus-par较Mecus-up能更强烈吸附H_2O,且经Mecus-par吸附后,H_2O有分解的趋势,而Mecus-up则为物理吸附.相比RuO_2(110),IrO_2(110)能更强烈地吸附H_2O.吸附前后H_2O的电子结构表明,H_2O向(110)提供少量电子,(110)电导增加.     

过氧化氢参与拟南芥根部避盐调控

已有研究发现植物通过调整根部向地性避开高浓度盐离子富集的区域,进而提高植物耐盐性(Halotropism),然而调控植物Halotropism机制尚不清楚。H_2O_2被认为是植物响应盐胁迫的关键信号分子,为探索H_2O_2在Halotropism中的潜在调控作用,文章采用2个H_2O_2水平增强突变体cat2和apx1作为遗传材料进行相关分析。发现与野生型相比,cat2和apx1突变体加速Halotropism现象的出现,暗示H_2O_2有利于根部避盐。进一步观察发现cat2体内的生长素信号明显低于Col-0水平,进一步证实H_2O_2可能是连接植物盐信号与Halotropism现象的中间介导子,并且可能与调控生长素信号有关。此外,文章还分析了重金属离子胁迫(汞和镉)对拟南芥根部向地性的影响,发现拟南芥在汞或镉处理的条件下不会发生像NaCl胁迫诱导的Halotropism现象。     

基于植酸锆/普鲁士蓝复合膜的电催化行为研究

通过层层自组装技术,构建植酸锆/普鲁士蓝(Zr-IP_6/PB)多层结构膜.基于普鲁士蓝(PB)对双氧水(H_2O_2)有很高的电催化性能,加之5层植酸锆/普鲁士蓝膜多孔结构有利于传质过程,该H_2O_2传感器具有高灵敏度和高选择性.实验结果显示:修饰电极对H_2O_2响应的物质的量浓度范围为2.00×10~(-5)～1.76×10~(-3) mol·L~(-1),线性相关系数R=0.998 9.     

CuO/Ce_xZr_(1-x)O_2催化剂催化CO氧化性能的研究

采用共沉淀法制备Ce_xZr_(1-x)O_2载体,等体积浸渍法制备CuO/Ce_xZr_(1-x)O_2催化剂,考察载体中CeO_2与ZrO_2质量比(mCeO_2∶mZrO_2)和CuO负载量对CuO/Ce_xZr_(1-x)O_2催化剂结构及物化性能的影响.采用X射线衍射(XRD)、比表面积及孔容积测试(BET)、氢气程序升温还原(H_2-TPR)、一氧化碳程序升温还原(CO-TPR)等方法对CuO/Ce_xZr_(1-x)O_2催化剂进行表征,结果表明:当mCeO_2∶mZrO_2为4∶1时,CuO负载量为10%(质量分数)时,10%CuO/Ce_(0.815)Zr_(0.185)O_2催化剂具有较大的比表面积和孔容积,较好的Cu物质分散度,以及较好的还原性能和CO氧化性能.因此,在催化CO氧化反应中,10%CuO/Ce_(0.815)Zr_(0.185)O_2催化剂表现出较优的活性,在常压下,CO完全转化温度低至80℃.     

聚苯胺/钛酸纳米复合材料的合成及其电化学和可见光催化性能的研究与应用

聚苯胺(PANI)/钛酸(H_2Ti_4O_9)层状纳米复合材料以苯胺(ANI)/H_2Ti_4O_9为前驱体,通过原位聚合的方法合成。复合材料的合成过程、形貌和结构通过XRD、SEM、IR和TGA/DSC表征手段进行研究。苯胺以单层且苯环垂直于层板的方式排列在H_2Ti_4O_9层间,聚合后的聚苯胺分子以单层方式排列在层间。PANI/H_2Ti_4O_9复合材料具有优异的热稳定性、氧化还原活性以及可见光催化降解亚甲基蓝活性,在电化学传感器和污水处理方面具有潜在的应用前景。     

氧化吸收法同步脱除燃烧烟气中SO2，NOx和CO2的化学热力学及其评价

湿化学法同步脱除烟气中气态污染物是燃烧源大气污染控制的重要方法之一,为探究采用不同氧化吸收策略同时脱除燃烧烟气中SO_2,NO_x和CO_2的可行性,基于化学热力学原理,分析了9种联合氧化吸收策略的性能,具体的氧化吸收策略包括:H_2O_2-NH_3·H_2O,H_2O_2-MDEA,H_2O_2-NaOH,O3-NH_3·H_2O,O3-MDEA,O3-NaOH,NaClO_2-NH_3·H_2O,NaClO_2-MDEA和NaClO_2-NaOH,并提出新的动态加权法对其性能进行综合评价。结果表明:上述所有策略均具有SO_2,NO_x和CO_2捕获的可行性。O3-NaOH,NaClO_2-MDEA和NaOH做吸收剂的氧化吸收溶液分别对单一脱硫、脱硝和脱碳效果最好。当综合考虑同步脱除SO_2,NO_x和CO_2时,NaClO_2-MDEA优于其他策略,其结果可为燃烧烟气中的气体污染物的联合脱除提供参考。     

利用固体电解质在CaCl_2熔盐中电解固态SiO_2制备Si

通过对固态SiO_2的理论分解电压进行计算,比较分析了惰性阳极和炭阳极条件下SiO_2电解还原的特点。利用ZrO_2(Y_2O_3)固体电解质管集成构建以Pt,O_2(Ar)|ZrO_2(Y_2O_3)为参比电极的三电极电解池,研究了惰性阳极条件下在CaCl_2熔盐中电解固态SiO_2阴极绿色制备Si的可行性。理论计算结果表明,SiO_2在惰性阳极条件下进行电解还原相比使用炭阳极时难度较大,降低气相中的氧分压有利于SiO_2的电解还原。实验结果表明,在惰性阳极条件下借助三电极电解池电解SiO_2可以成功制备Si,相应电解过程可用三相界线反应机制进行解释。     

MnO_2@NiCo_2O_4核-壳异质结构的构筑及电化学性能和催化性能

采用2步水热法制备出1种以NiCo_2O_4纳米线为核,MnO_2纳米颗粒为壳的三维结构MnO_2@NiCo_2O_4@Ni-foam复合材料。通过X射线衍射(XRD),扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对复合催化剂的结构和形貌进行表征;通过循环伏安法(CV),恒流充放电性能(GCD)和电化学阻抗谱(EIS)来进行表征复合材料的电化学性能;通过O_3催化降解装置对复合材料的催化性能进行研究。结果表明:MnO_2@NiCo_2O_4@Ni-foam复合材料在频率范围为0.1～10 000 Hz时阻抗较低;通过降解实验发现,MnO_2@NiCo_2O_4@Ni-foam对O_3的降解率高于50%,表现出良好的催化效果。这表明MnO_2@NiCo_2O_4@Ni-foam复合材料在降解O_3,净化空气方面有广阔的应用前景。     

Nb2O5摩尔分数变化对碲锌钡铌玻璃性能的影响

设计并制备碲锌钡铌(TeO_2-ZnO-BaF_2-Nb_2O_5)系列玻璃,考察Nb_2O_5摩尔分数变化对玻璃结构和玻璃性能的影响.结果表明,随着Nb_2O_5摩尔分数的增加,[TeO_4]和[TeO_3]的摩尔分数比先增加后减少,玻璃的网络结构先增强后减弱.相应地,玻璃的热稳定性先增加后降低,ΔT和S值先增大后减小.在Nb_2O_5占15%(摩尔分数)时热稳定性最高.另外,随着Nb_2O_5摩尔分数的增加,玻璃带隙减小,有利于光学性能提高.     

基于Pt-Au-MoS2-ITO传感器对于H2O2的还原检测

实验探究了二硫化钼（MoS₂）作为一种新型材料与贵金属纳米粒子金（Au）、铂（Pt）的复合基底对于过氧化氢（H₂O₂）的还原性检测,采用氧化铟锡导电玻璃（ITO）作为电极,制备出了基于Pt-Au-MoS₂-ITO的生物传感器,为H₂O₂还原性检测的便携性操作打下了基础.实验采用电化学沉积的方法制备材料,同时使用循环伏安（CV）法、计时电流法等传统电化学手段表征了传感器电化学性能,采用场发射扫描电子显微镜（FE-SEM）来表征传感器表面形貌.建立了用于H₂O₂还原检测的、具有高检测限、高灵敏度和宽检测范围的传感器.     

不同形貌LaBO_3型钙钛矿的制备及其催化H_2O_2分解反应性能

采用柠檬酸络合法制备了La BO3(B=Fe,Co,Ni)钙钛矿催化剂,通过X-射线粉末衍射(XRD)、傅立叶-红外光谱(FT-IR)、透射电镜(TEM)、X-射线光电子能谱(XPS)等对催化剂进行了表征,在室温下测定了其对H2O2的催化分解能力.结果表明:催化分解能力依次为La Ni O3>La Co O3>La Fe O3,说明Ni较Co和Fe能更好地分解H2O2.通过改变La Fe O3催化剂的形貌也能提高催化剂性能,如多孔状La Fe O3较负载在SBA-15上的La Fe O3具有更好的催化分解活性.     

Involvement of NADPH oxidase NtrbohD in the rapid production of H2O2 induced by ABA in cultured tobacco cell line BY-2

The mechanisms for the production of hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) induced by abscisic acid (ABA) were investigated in suspension culture cells of tobacco BY-2 cells. The results showed that the immediate generation of H₂O₂, which was mainly derived from superoxide dismutase-catalyzed dismutation of superoxide radical, was significantly induced by ABA. Furthermore, treatment of the cultured tobacco cells with ABA resulted in a time-dependent quick increase in plasma membrane (PM) NADPH oxidase activity, which coincided on time and magnitude with the elevation in ABA-induced accumulation of H₂O₂. Moreover, these enhanced effects were pronouncedly inhibited by two NADPH oxidase inhibitor, diphenylene iodonium and imidazole, suggesting that PM NADPH oxidase is involved in the rapid accumulation of ₂O₂ in cultured tobacco cells. In addition, analysis of the expression level of NtrbohD, a PM NADPH oxidase gene in tobacco, by RT-PCR and protein gel blot revealed that the gene at both mRNA and protein levels was upregulated by ABA, indicating that NtrbohD participates in the ABA-stimulated rapid production of H₂O₂ in tobacco culture cells. Taken together, these findings suggest that ABA induces the rapid accumulation of reactive oxygen species via NADPH oxidase in suspension culture cells of tobacco, and that NADPH oxidase and H₂O₂ appear to be important components in ABA signal transduction pathway in plants.     

Involvement of NADPH oxidase NtrbohD in the rapid production of H2O2 induced by ABA in cultured tobacco cell line BY-2

The mechanisms for the production of hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) induced by abscisic acid (ABA) were investigated in suspension culture cells of tobacco BY-2 cells. The results showed that the immediate generation of H₂O₂, which was mainly derived from superoxide dismutase-catalyzed dismutation of superoxide radical, was significantly induced by ABA. Furthermore, treatment of the cultured tobacco cells with ABA resulted in a time-dependent quick increase in plasma membrane (PM) NADPH oxidase activity, which coincided on time and magnitude with the elevation in ABA-induced accumulation of H₂O₂. Moreover, these enhanced effects were pronouncedly inhibited by two NADPH oxidase inhibitor, diphenylene iodonium and imidazole, suggesting that PM NADPH oxidase is involved in the rapid accumulation of ₂O₂ in cultured tobacco cells. In addition, analysis of the expression level of NtrbohD, a PM NADPH oxidase gene in tobacco, by RT-PCR and protein gel blot revealed that the gene at both mRNA and protein levels was upregulated by ABA, indicating that NtrbohD participates in the ABA-stimulated rapid production of H₂O₂ in tobacco culture cells. Taken together, these findings suggest that ABA induces the rapid accumulation of reactive oxygen species via NADPH oxidase in suspension culture cells of tobacco, and that NADPH oxidase and H₂O₂ appear to be important components in ABA signal transduction pathway in plants.     

纳米Fe2O3-Al2O3复合材料的制备

采用溶胶-凝胶表面包覆法制备了纳米Fe₂O₃-Al₂ O₃复合材料, 利用X射线衍射和透射电镜对样品的物相、 粒度和形貌进行了研 究. 结果表明, α-Fe₂O₃掺杂降低了Al₂O₃相变温度, 在900 ℃可以得到稳定的α-Al₂O₃相.     

纳米Al2O3颗粒对Cu-Al2O3性能的影响

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备纳米Al₂O₃颗粒,通过粉末冶金法制备氧化铝铜（Cu-Al₂O₃）。采用X射线光电子能谱仪、扫描电子显微镜、洛氏硬度仪和涡流计分别测试了Cu-Al₂O₃的结合能、微观组织、硬度和导电率。结果表明：随Al₂O₃颗粒含量的增加,Cu-Al₂O₃的硬度先升高后降低,当Al₂O₃颗粒的质量分数达到0.084%时,Cu-Al₂O₃的硬度达到最大值75.73（HRB）。Cu-Al₂O₃的导电率随着Al₂O₃颗粒含量的增加逐渐下降。Al₂O₃颗粒的质量分数为0.084%时为最佳值,Cu-Al₂O₃的硬度达到最大值,导电率达到69.1% IACS。     

Degradation of 2, 4-D acid using Mn2+ as catalyst under UV irradiation

In this paper, the oxidative degradation of 2, 4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2, 4-D) using Mn²⁺/H₂O₂ reagent under UV irradiation was studied. The results show that 2, 4-D was degraded more completely in Mn²⁺/H₂O₂ solution than traditional Fenton solutions. The effects of the concentration of Mn²⁺, H₂O₂ and pH were also investigated. And under the optimal condition of 1.48×10⁻⁴ mol/L, 8.99×10⁻⁵ mol/L and pH 3.38, the formation of ·OH was the most, both the decomposition rate of H₂O₂ and the degradation rate of 2, 4-D were the fastest. In addition, the photoreaction process was monitored using spin-trapping electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR), and the results indicated that the oxidative process was predominated mainly by the hydroxyl radical (·OH) gennerated in the system. Biography: HUANG Yingping (1964–), Professor, Ph. D., research direction: pollution ecology and water pollution control.     

Fe_2O_3/TiO_2复合纳米管阵列的制备及其可见光催化性能研究

在氟化铵-乙二醇体系中,采用阳极氧化法在铁基体上制备Fe_2O_3纳米管阵列,然后以氟钛酸铵为钛源,利用水热法在Fe_2O_3纳米管阵列上负载TiO_2纳米片,制得Fe_2O_3/TiO_2复合纳米管阵列,利用SEM、EDS、XRD、TEM、UV-Vis等手段,对所制Fe_2O_3/TiO_2纳米管阵列的表面形貌、物相结构及光催化性能进行表征,并分析Fe_2O_3/TiO_2纳米结构对亚甲基蓝的可见光降解能力。结果表明,Fe_2O_3/TiO_2复合纳米管阵列具有良好的可见光响应;NH_4F浓度为0.4%、水热反应3h制备的Fe_2O_3/TiO_2复合结构具有最佳的光催化性能,对亚甲基蓝的降解率可达90%。