分布参数系统参数辨识的最佳测量位置

许多有关集中参数系统参数辨识的方法经改造后可推广到分布参数系统中,但其涉及的问题复杂,其中传感器的测量位置则是分布参数系统参数辨识过程的特有问题,它对分布参数系统的参数辨识精度有着很大的影响.从受噪声干扰的不同位置传感器检测值出发,构造了分布参数系统的信息矩阵,提出了一种基于信息矩阵行列式的优化算法,并采用D-最优试验设计准则优化传感器的位置配置,得到了分布参数系统检测传感器的最佳测量位置,同时保证了系统的参数辨识精度.仿真结果表明,该方法对于分布参数系统的输出和状态检测传感器位置的选择具有参考价值.     

分布参数系统传感器位置优化策略的小波算法

传感器位置配置是分布参数系统实现最优控制的关键问题之一，不仅和边界条件有关，还和输入信号、系统噪声、测量噪声、过程的动态特性等因素有关，各个因素对最佳测量位置的影响各不相同。分布参数系统状态在空间具有无穷维自由度，而测量通常只是在空间离散的有限个点上进行，并且受到噪声的污染，因此，选择分布参数系统测量位置具有重要的意义。本文基于正交函数逼近理论，用小波作为分析工具对分布参数系统的传感器测量点的位置优化问题进行研究。仿真结果表明：该方法对于分布参数系统的传感器位置的优化选择具有重要意义。     

多变量过程传感器故障检测的SVM方法

提出一种适用于具有纯滞后多变量过程的传感器故障检测方法.该方法结合支持向量机回归算法与数据驱动的信息融合技术,给出一种采用广义支持向量机观测器的传感器故障检测、分离和数据恢复系统的架构.每个关键传感器都配置一个由过程输入和除被监视传感器之外的过程输出共同驱动的观测器,对传感器实际输出与观测器输出进行了比较,并对数据的有效性进行了确认.多组分精馏塔系统实验表明,该方法能够对过程传感器故障进行检测,并且具有较好的鲁棒性.     

齿轮传递系统故障诊断检测方法研究

运用多传感器类型的选择和位置的优化配置方法,解决了由单一传感器采集信息来实现系统的多故障检测、分离和定位带来的缺陷,提高了齿轮传递系统故障检测的灵敏度和准确性,实现了对复杂机械系统进行多故障分离和高灵敏度的检测,使得运行设备故障状态得到更加准确的评价。     

基于QPSCO算法的传感器优化配置

针对以曲线拟合为目标的传感器配置问题,提出了一种基于量子粒子群协同优化(Quantum-behaved particle swarms cooperative optimization,简称QPSCO)算法的传感器优化配置方法.在QPSCO算法中,采用双层的多粒子群协同优化结构,同时引入参数变异策略,在扩大搜索范围的同时加快该算法收敛;将加权最小二乘法的误差平方和引入适应度函数中,以提高传感器位置曲线的拟合精度,从而实现传感器的优化配置.实验结果表明,该方案应用于土壤信息采集系统,不仅可以达到比粒子群优化(Particle swarm optimization,简称PSO)算法和量子粒子群优化(Quantum-behaved particle swarm optimization,简称QPSO)算法更好的寻优结果,而且具有比遗传算法更理想的位置拟合精度,是一种有效可行的传感器配置方法.     

大跨斜拉桥基于遗传算法的传感器优化布置方法

以润扬大桥斜拉桥为研究对象,分析了基于遗传算法的加速度传感器优化布置实施的过程,包括传感器布设位置的编码以及控制参数、目标函数和评价指标的选取.探讨了遗传算法目标函数类型、需要监控的振型数量等因素对优化布置方案的影响,提出了Gramian矩阵行列式值、MAC矩阵非对角元均方根、MAC矩阵非对角元最大值、Gramian矩阵元素和以及模态应变能这5种可行的优化布置方案评价指标,分析了多目标函数优化布置方法与单目标函数方法相比的优越性.研究结果表明,Gramian矩阵行列式是较优越的目标函数,并建议采用Gramian矩阵行列式值、MAC矩阵非对角元均方根和MAC矩阵非对角元最大值作为布点方案的评价指标.利用基于环境激励的斜拉桥现场测试数据对以上计算得到的优化布置方案和结论进行了验证.     

基于信息熵的城轨车辆应变传感器优化布置

针对传统的传感器优化方法在配置数量较多的情况下存在测点聚集的现象，基于信息熵理论分析了优化结果和预测误差间的关系，并提出了一种考虑预测误差的改进优化方法，将归一化模态应变能之和的倒数作为预测误差协方差矩阵的主对角元，非对角元由结合了测点距离和响应水平的指数相关方程表示，以最大化Fisher信息阵行列式值为目标，采用逐步累积法得到最优测点位置.城轨车辆构架有限元计算结果表明，改进的优化方法在三种评价准则的表现上均优于经典方法，并且显著降低了测点聚集效应，证实了改进方法用于转向架构架应变传感器配置的有效性.     

应用蒙特卡罗抽样法的无线传感器自定位信息融合技术

我们首先介绍了无线传感器网络。对它的特点进行了分析,明白了网络传感器节点自定位的意义,接着介绍了目标比较常用的几种传感器自定位技术。在此基础上,文章重点描述了一种基于信标节点的无线传感器自定位的分布式算法。在这个算法中,信标节点广播它的分布状态其中包括本身位置的信息。邻近的未知位置信息的无线传感器利用传输的信息和接受到的信标信号的特征来估计自己的位置。知道自己的位置后,它也将成为一个新的信标节点。蒙特卡罗抽样法被用来融合无线传感器的分布和获得无线传感器位置分布后验概率估值。我们也利用贝叶斯克拉马一罗下限来进行无线传感器的自定位和研究信标预知位置信息和其他系统参数的影响。我们通过计算机仿真分析我们算法的性能,并且与下限法得到的数据进行了比较。     

多输入线性系统极点配置问题的算法研究

极点配置是通过一个状态反馈矩阵的选取,使闭环系统的极点配置在希望的位置,从而使系统具有较满意的性能。对于多输入线性系统,状态反馈矩阵K的解不唯一,目前常用的设计方法都没有解决K的优化设计问题。将遗传算法引入基于Sylvester方程的算法中,优化反馈矩阵,仿真结果表明,该算法求出的反馈矩阵K优于其他各种方法。     

大跨桥梁结构健康监测系统振动传感器配置仿真

为了提高大跨桥梁结构健康监测系统在线模态参数识别中的模态分辨率,研究了振动传感器配置的非均匀布设方法.以润扬长江大桥悬索桥为例,以结构前16阶竖向振型为基础,运用基于主列筛选的传感器配置算法对该桥主梁竖向振动传感器配置进行了仿真研究.采用模态置信度矩阵非对角元素构造评估指标对4种传感器布设方案进行比较,包括七截面均匀布设方案、基于主列筛选算法获得的七截面非均匀布设方案、基于七截面均匀布设方案改进得到的九截面方案和基于主列筛选算法获得的九截面非均匀布设方案.由仿真结果可知,采用主列筛选获取的传感器非均匀布设方案获得的模态置信度矩阵非对角元较小,模态振型具有更好的模态分辨率.这一结果表明,非均匀布设方法更有利于大跨桥梁监测系统实现在线识别模态参数.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-