基于能量均衡的ZigBee网络路由优化

为了提高网络中节点的能量利用率,提出了一种基于能量均衡的ZigBee路由算法.启动路由发现之前,首先在邻居表中搜索目的节点,然后在路由过程中给能量偏低的节点添加能量标志位,减少能量偏低节点的使用几率.采用仿真对比实验测试了算法的有效性和优越性,实验结果表明,算法不仅能有效地均衡各节点之间的能量,提高网络节点的存活率,而且能减少网络能量消耗,延长网络的生存时间,性能优于对比算法.     

无线传感网中电池感知的双向搜索路由协议

在无线传感器网络(WSN)中,当有数据流传输时,一些节点会因网络能量分布不均而过早失效,使得源节点不得不通过另一条更长且低效的路径才能将数据包路由至目的节点,从而影响网络寿命.为了延长网络的生存时间,需要设计能量有效的协议,适应传感器网络的特点.提出了一种电池感知的双向搜索路由(battery-aware bi-directional searchrouting protocol,BAR-BIDS)协议,该协议通过改进深度优先搜索,能在网络中已有部分节点因能量耗尽而失效的情况下,找到一条跳数相对较少的路径,从而减少网络中的能量消耗.且该协议能较好感知节点的电池状态,减少节点电池的放电损耗.仿真结果表明,当网络中有数据流传输时,BAR-BIDS协议能较好均衡全网节点的能量消耗、延长网络存活时间.     

一种基于ZigBee树状路由协议的改进算法ATSPF

ZigBee现有的树状路由协议是根据节点间的父子关系创建路由并进行数据传输,这样容易产生较长的路径并加重父节点的处理任务。提出一种基于树状路由协议的改进算法ATSPF,将ZigBee网络地址转换为逻辑索引值列表,根据索引值计算出节点所有邻居到目的节点的跳数,选择跳数最少的邻居为下一跳来建立路由。仿真结果表明,ATSPF可以有效减少路由跳数、降低分组丢失率、减小节点间通信时延、降低协调器的能量消耗、延长网络生存时间。     

节点分簇和最佳距离相融合的传感器网络路由算法

针对当前路由算法由于无线传感器网络节点分布不均匀、 节点能耗过快等因素严重影响其生存时间的问题, 提出一种传感器节点分簇与最佳距离相融合的无线传感器网络路由算法. 该算法先模拟生物细胞的连接过程实现传感器网络节点的分簇, 再权衡网络生存时间和能量消耗间的关系, 根据簇首与基站间的距离确定数据路由 的最优路径, 最后采用MATLAB R2014b工具箱编程实现路由算法. 将该算法与其他算法进行对比实验, 结果表明, 该算法可以延长整个传感器网络的生存时间, 有效减少网络能耗, 提高了能量的利用率.     

采用邻居节点的改进ZigBee路由选择算法

在无线传感网络中,路由选择是高效使用网络、延长全网络寿命的关键之一.为了提高网络效率和节省网络整体能耗,提出了一种路由选择优化算法,该算法利用没连接到的邻居节点进行数据路由选择,以减少从源节点到目的节点的跳数,进而达到提高网络效率和节省能耗的目的.通过仿真实验对比分析了改进前后的实际效果,实验结果表明改进后的路由选择优化算法减少了ZigBee节点间路由的跳数和延迟,提高了路由效率,节省网络整体能耗.     

基于ZigBee的无线传感器网络的自愈功能

无线传感器网络(wireless sensor network,WSN)中如何延长路由节点的生命期和保证网络正常运行非常重要.以WSN主控芯片CC2430为硬件基础,建立了在ZigBee协议下固定节点的链状网络路由模型,提出了一种网络自愈的方法,即为每跳路由节点配备一个备用路由节点,利用高斯算法对各路由节点接收信号强度(received signal strength indi-cation,RSSI)值进行检测,依据检测的RSSI值判定电池的供电情况,进而决定是否启动处于睡眠的备用路由代替当前路由承担相应的工作.实验结果表明,在没有环境因素的情况下,可以较好地实现自愈功能.     

无线传感器网络中基于学习自动机的路由算法

针对无线传感器网络节点能量有效问题,在LEACH协议算法的基础上,本文提出一种基于学习自动机的路由算法,该算法结合节点的剩余能量与节点的邻居信息,在选择簇头上,通过降低能量过低的节点成为簇头的概率,尽可能地进行能量均衡.仿真结果表明本文算法减少了网络的能量消耗,延长了网络生存时间.     

基于邻居表查询的ZigBee多播路由算法

由于ZigBee网络需要将信息以多播的方式进行传递,部分节点多次传输消耗大量能量,导致节点死亡,为缓解这个问题,提出了基于邻居表查询的ZigBee多播路由算法.该算法结合邻居表查询和ZigBee分布式地址分配特性,对ZigBee网络多播转发节点选择进行优化,使一个节点能给多个目的节点转发信息.仿真结果证明该算法减少了路由开销,节约了网络的能量,提高了网络的可靠性.     

一种基于能量和距离的多级能量异构传感器网络路由算法

为了能有效地利用节点能量的异构性,降低网络能耗、延长网络稳定周期,提出了一种同时考虑节点剩余能量和节点至基站距离的多级能量异构无线传感器网络的分簇路由算法.在节点簇间综合考虑簇头剩余能量及其与基站的通信能耗,以选择合适的下一跳路由节点.仿真结果表明,该算法可以有效地均衡网络能量消耗,延长网络稳定周期.该路由算法在维持节点存活个数、降低网络能量消耗及增加网络数据传输吞吐量等指标方面优于几种常见传感器网络路由算法,表明在综合考虑能量和距离等因素后能够获得比单一考虑能量或者距离的算法更优的运行结果.     

无线传感器网络中基于学习自动机的路由算法

针对无线传感器网络节点能量有效问题,在LEACH协议算法的基础上,本文提出一种基于学习自动机的路由算法,该算法结合节点的剩余能量与节点的邻居信息,在选择簇头上,通过降低能量过低的节点成为簇头的概率,尽可能地进行能量均衡.仿真结果表明本文算法减少了网络的能量消耗,延长了网络生存时间.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.