嵊泗列岛养殖海区发生的菱形裸甲藻Gymnodinium rhomboides SCHUTT赤潮

1991年7月13日在嵊泗海域发生大规模的菱形裸甲藻赤潮。菱形裸甲藻的形态和生态特性与已报导的几种裸甲藻有所不同。发生赤潮时,水温范围为23—25℃,盐度范围为20.2—23.5‰。并且,菱形裸甲藻常与中肋骨条藻Skeletonema costatum同时出现。赤潮发生的严重程度随着表层水中菱形裸甲藻的密度增大而加重,重赤潮区3.53×10~6cells/L,次重赤潮区6.1×10~5cells/L。按重赤潮区—次重赤潮区—赤潮不明显区的顺序排列,表层水的pH、DO、COD顺序递降,而透明度、盐度和总氮量顺序则递增。本文列举了赤潮各期多种生态因子变化,其中消退期造成的水质污染最严重。但此次赤潮时间短,受潮汐影响大,对养殖业未造成严重危害。     

长江口赤潮多发区夜光藻(Noctiluca scintillans)赤潮发生过程分析

长江口赤潮多发区1990年6月观测到的一次赤潮可以认为是夜光藻——中肋骨条藻交替型赤湖.纵观整个赤潮发育过程,夜光藻和中肋骨条藻交替成为优势种,其中夜光藻最大密度为3.49×10~6ccll/mm~3.多发区海域基本上为正规半日潮,与潮汐呈相似波动特征的环境要素有盐度、DO、pH 和 SiO_3-Si.赤潮发生时,表层水体营养盐有不同程度消耗,其中 NO_3—N、NO_2—N、PO_4—P 和SiO_3—Si 的最大降幅分别达10、6、3和3.5倍.此外,在中肋骨条藻赤潮阶段,水体 DO、pH 值升高、盐度下降,而且当赤潮消亡后很快恢复正常.     

中国沿海的赤潮

本文分析研究近三十多年来发生在中国沿海的26次赤潮资料，得出以下主要结论。1．引起赤潮发生的赤潮生物有40种，约占世界已记录种类的1／3。在本文统计的资料当中，赤潮主要是由夜光藻(Noctiluca scientillans)和束毛藻属(Trichodesmium)引起的。2．夜光藻主要分布于河口、内湾水深10-20米浅水区，适温范围为12—27℃，适盐范围为18—30‰。3．赤潮通常发生在五、六月份。赤潮区内的赤潮生物密度很高(夜光藻密度高达20×10^4个／升)，波及范围上千平方公里，严重干扰渔场生态环境的平衡，造成渔业上的重大经济损失。本文还对今后如何加强对赤潮的研究提出建议。     

深圳福田红树林保护区浮游植物群落的季节变化及其生态学研究

对深圳福田红树林保护区浮游植物群落结构和季节变化进行研究.共鉴定到浮游植物5门25属75种,其中硅藻门21属68种,蓝藻门1属1种,甲藻门1属1种,绿藻门1属3种,裸藻门1属3种.密度的季节变化范围为1.0×106～5.0×106个/L,平均密度为2.7×106个/L.赤潮藻和耐污染特征的种类如威氏海链藻和微小小环藻等是浮游植物的主要成分.底栖性、附着性和淡水性的种类在浮游植物中经常出现.与以前的研究比较,福田红树林区水体浮游植物群落朝着种类个体变小、种类数减少、密度增加、耐污染种类增加的方向变化,这反映了该红树林区水体富营养化程度高,水质持续恶化.     

生物反应器微载体系统大规模培养草鱼细胞及病毒

采用微载体GT-2在细胞培养生物反应器中悬浮培养草鱼细胞和草鱼出血病病毒。合适的工艺条件为:温度26℃,pH6.8～7.2(生长期),7.2～7.4(接毒后),搅拌转速40 r/min,溶氧(DO)40%空气饱和度。GT-2是一种较适合于草鱼细胞贴壁生长的微载体。细胞密度可达7.4×10~6 Cells/mL,病毒滴度可达8.00。     

福建省福鼎市后屿湾红树林区水体浮游植物群落动态研究

于2001年1月~2003年1月对福建省福鼎市后屿湾红树林区水体浮游植物种类和数量的季节变化等进行了研究.结果表明:浮游植物的优势种除了2001 年 1 月是裸藻类的密盘裸藻(Euglena wangi)外,其余季节优势种均为硅藻类,长菱形藻(Nitzschia longissima)和中肋骨条藻(Skeletonema costatum)是常出现的优势种,还有一些甲藻和绿藻偶尔出现.本次调查共鉴定浮游植物32属77种(包括变种),其中硅藻门29属74种(包括变种),甲藻门1属1种,绿藻门1属1种,裸藻门1属1种.浮游植物密度变化范围为1.14×104~1.16×106 个/L,平均为 3.21×105 个/L,季节变化为单峰型.福鼎红树林区水体中浮游植物的群落组成以河口性种类为主,红树林潮间带底栖硅藻在浮游植物中占有较大的比例,与潮汐和风浪冲刷有关.     

涠洲岛南湾港海域发生铜绿微囊藻赤潮实例分析

根据涠洲岛南湾港海域铜绿微囊藻(M icrocystis aerug inos)赤潮期和非赤潮期的水质监测资料,对比分析赤潮期和非赤潮期该海域的海水水质状况。在赤潮期,铜绿微囊藻数量达2.08×1010个/升,占浮游植物总量的99.95%以上,COD浓度为4.47m g/L,DO含量为11.2m g/L,Ch l-a浓度为22.5μg/L,海域营养状况指数为0.01~0.08,属贫营养型水域,除赤潮中心外,水质没有受到有机污染。在非赤潮期,COD浓度为0.82m g/L,DO含量为7.2m g/L,Ch l-a浓度为3.8μg/L,全部测值均符合一类海水标准,水质状况良好。     

长江口至嵊泗列岛附近海域浮游植物与赤潮的监测研究

嵊泗列岛位于长江口外,其附近海域是长江口外赤潮的多发区域,我们在其赤潮多发时期的6～8月进行四期监测,结果表明:嵊泗列岛附近海域6～8月海水多处于富营养化状态,浮游植物密度极高,主要优势种夜光藻等均为赤潮种类,极易引发赤潮.海水中的活性磷酸盐含量对限制浮游植物的大量繁殖可能起着较为重要的作用.在监测期间现场还监测到一次中缢虫赤潮的发生.     

深圳沿海浮游植物组成及赤潮发生趋势分析

目的 :为了解深圳海域 ,包括深圳湾、大鹏湾和伶仃洋的 9个站位浮游植物的种类组成及数量分布 .方法 :依据国家海洋局制订的《海洋调查规范》进行调查 .结果 :确认深圳海域共有12 5种 (变种、变型 )浮游植物 ,主要为硅藻 ,占浮游植物总量的 90 %以上 ,以角毛藻 (Chaetoceros)、根管藻 (Rhizosolenia)及海链藻 (Thalassiosira)居多 ;甲藻以原甲藻 (Prorocentrum)为多 .浮游植物的水平分布为 :东部以角毛藻为优势种群 ,西部以骨条藻 (Skeletonemacostatun)占优势 .秋末冬初总体上分析浮游植物数量并不算高 .但个别站位如大鹏湾的盐田海域数量高达 17.2× 10 6 /L ;西部的深圳湾也达 11.7× 10 5/L .叶绿素a含量从 1.10mg·m- 3 (S4 站位 )到 2 .34mg·m- 3 (S2 站位 ) .结论 :浮游植物中有约 2 0种为赤潮生物 ,发现有有毒的塔码亚历山大藻 (Alexandriumtamarense)及短裸甲藻(Gymnodiniumbreve) ,应引起高度重视 .     

三(1—苯基—3—甲基—4—三氟乙酰基吡唑啉酮—5)二水合钕(Ⅲ)萃合物的晶体结构和分子结构的测定

合成了三(1—苯基—3—甲基—4—三氟乙酰基吡唑啉酮—5)二水合钕(Ⅲ)萃合物。经元素分析确定其组成为Nd(PMTFP)_3·2H_2O,X射线单晶衍射测定了化合物的晶体结构及分子结构。晶体属单斜晶系,P2_1/c空间群,晶体学参数如下:a=17.799(9)×10~(-10)m,b=12.661(6)×10~(-10)m,c=18.691(7)×10~(-10)m,β=102.71(6)~0,v=4108.8(10~(-10)m)~3,Z=4.分子中中心原子钕与八个氧原子成配位键,其中六个氧来自三个双齿配位的PMTFP-基,其余两个氧则由两个水分子所提供,八个氧原子取四方反棱柱型排列在钕的周围。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with