降膜蒸发多效回热型太阳能海水淡化装置的测试与分析

对利用太阳能驱动的横管降膜蒸发多效回热型海水淡化装置进行了实际天气条件下的动态测试.对影响产水率的主要因素作了探索与分析,给出了合理的取值范围.实验结果证明,由于采用了多效回热以及其他强化系统产水性能的措施,使系统的产水效率比传统的盘式太阳能蒸馏器提高了近2.5倍.     

横管降膜蒸发闭式循环太阳能海水淡化装置的实验

基于盘形与竖式降膜太阳能海水淡化装置的优，缺点和横管降膜蒸发的理论分析，针对现有装置存在的问题，设计了横管降膜蒸发闭式循环太阳能海水淡化装置，并在不同的运行参数下进行了实验研究，分析了影响该装置性能的各种因素。实验结果表明，在供能相同的情况下，该装置的产水率比单级盘式太阳能蒸馏器提高了2－2．5倍；提高运行温度，有利于提高水率及单位能耗产水率；热水流率取为300－600kg/h，海水流率取向8－15kg/h，有利于提高产水率，改善该装置的性能。     

LiBr溶液高温竖管降膜吸收过程的实验研究

针对吸收式太阳能海水淡化系统,设计了一套竖管降膜吸收实验装置,以溴化锂溶液为工质对装置进行了实验研究.通过改变水和溶液温度、喷淋量及溶液的浓度,测试了不同工况下系统的运行情况,得出溶液具有较好吸收率的基本条件,给出了系统最佳运行的参数范围.实验表明,在运行压力达到10 kPa和溶液浓度为50%左右的情况下,当被吸收水的温度高于30℃时,溶液已有较好的吸收速率,此时热源的温度仅为45℃～55℃,这十分有利于太阳能集热系统发挥供热效率.     

负压多级降膜蒸发在太阳能海水淡化中的应用研究

深入分析了海水在水平管外蒸发以及饱和水蒸气在水平管内冷凝的机理。分析表明：采用负压多级降膜蒸发，在加热水温度一定的情况下可大大强化传热传质过程，提高海水的蒸发量；利用饱和水蒸气在水平管内加压冷凝，可有效地促进热质交换过程，提高冷凝的效果。在该理论指导下设计制造的具有闪蒸与压缩蒸馏性能的太阳能海水淡化装置，不仅比传统的盘式太阳能淡化装置效率提高很多，而且可利用较低温度的太阳能加热水进行海水淡化，淡化效率保持在70％以上。     

聚能式多效太阳能海水淡化系统性能研究

提出了一种聚能式多效太阳能海水淡化系统,利用太阳能加热海水至蒸发沸腾以达到淡化海水的目的,同时采用多效结构,利用了蒸汽凝结时的冷凝潜热,提高能量利用效率.在典型冬季晴朗天气条件下运行,系统全天淡水产量为10.79 L,集热效率最高达到35％.     

海水淡化太阳能蒸馏技术研究现状与展望

介绍了海水淡化太阳能蒸馏技术的背景、原理、特点,综述了太阳能蒸馏装置的研究进展,对太阳能蒸馏技术的研究方法和研究现状从技术原理、装置分类、装置性能、装置中自然对流系数确定、装置经济性评估等方面进行全面总结,指出传统太阳能蒸馏装置存在的主要问题是占地面积大,产水量过低,太阳能利用率不高,分析了导致其产水量过低的原因,并对未来海水淡化太阳能蒸馏技术进行了展望.     

管式太阳能海水淡化装置的实验研究

针对淡水资源短缺的问题,设计制作了一种利用太阳能或者其他余热驱动的管式海水淡化装置.通过对装置的每小时产水量及装置内各测点温度进行测试,对装置的性能进行了定功率和定温度供热的实验研究.定功率实验结果表明,实验装置的性能系数最高能达到1.5左右;装置的产水量达到了20.078 kg/(m2.d),相比传统装置有很大的提高.定温加热的实验结果表明,运行温度的增加可以提高装置的产水量.在相同实验条件下,多级装置相比单级装置能获得更高的产水量.     

增湿-除湿太阳能海水淡化装置实验研究

基于空气增湿-除湿海水淡化技术,采用曝气管将热空气曝入到太阳能热水器水箱中的增湿方法,设计了以太阳能为热源的小型太阳能海水淡化装置。实验研究表明,该曝气方式具有很好的加湿效果,在各种工况下出口湿空气的相对湿度均可达95.5%以上。出口湿空气的温度及相对湿度主要取决于热空气的曝气速度,选取合适的曝气速度可以使装置获得较高的淡水产率。     

光导聚能高温相变储热小型太阳能吸附式制冷系统

提出了一种新型太阳能聚光集热装置驱动的小型吸附式制冷系统,介绍了其工作原理与设计方法,对太阳能聚光装置在实际的天气条件下进行了实验测试,给出了实验测量曲线.实验结果表明,此类太阳能聚光装置的聚光效率达到42%左右.对该制冷系统进行了性能估算,结果表明,由于系统的工作温度高,太阳能的收集效率高等因素的作用,系统的性能系数COP达到0.62,因而具有良好的市场前景.     

两级多效太阳能增湿除湿苦咸水淡化装置的性能研究

基于增湿除湿(HDD)的原理,设计了一种两级多效太阳能苦咸水淡化装置,用电加热水箱模拟太阳能集热器,对该装置进行了性能研究,目的是了解装置产水性能及效率. 试验中,给出了装置在不同加热温度、苦咸水进水流量以及补水流量下的各测点温度变化和淡水产量,并理论分析了苦咸水进水流量对装置产水量的影响,与试验结果进行了对比,得到了不同进水流量下的装置性能系数(GOR). 研究结果表明,系统产水量随苦咸水进水流量和加热温度增加而增大,在苦咸水进水流量为1 000 kg/h时,装置产水量可以达到63.55 kg/h. 由于该装置多次利用了湿空气的凝结潜热以及排浓盐水所含的显热,其性能系数在加热温度为85 ℃时,最大可以达到1.98. 且装置性能系数的理论计算值和试验测试值吻合较好.      

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to