2株重寄生木霉菌丝生长的生物学特性

对2株茶藨生柱锈菌(Cronartium ribicola J.C.Fischer)重寄生木霉(Trichoderma spp.)TR1、TR2菌株菌丝生长及产孢条件进行单因素筛选及正交实验。结果表明：TR1菌丝生长速度快,且极易产生分生孢子;TR2菌丝生长速度相对较慢,产孢受一定条件限制。光照和VB2能明显刺激TR2分生孢子的产生。2株菌在以大麦粉、黄豆粉、KH2PO4、复合VB为培养基,5%接种量、120r／min、pH为 6的条件下菌丝生长最佳。TR1和TR2菌丝生长的最适温度范围及水势分别为25～30℃、-232MPa和20～25℃、-454MPa.     

铜污染下丛枝菌根真菌对白茅生长及土壤酶活性的影响

随着矿产资源的大量开发，重金属污染日益严重。为探究重金属污染条件下丛枝菌根真菌（arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, AMF）对宿主植物生长和生理特征的影响，本试验依据山西省运城市垣曲县北方铜业铜矿峪矿十八河尾矿库的铜污染状况，选取该地优势种白茅（Imperata cylindrica）作为试验材料，在不同铜污染处理下，对白茅进行接种根内球囊菌（Rhizophagus irregularis）和不接菌两个处理，分析重金属铜污染下，AMF对白茅生长及酶活性的影响。研究结果表明：接种根内球囊菌可以促进植物生长，接种后的白茅株高和生物量比不接种分别提高了15.12%、79.36%，而铜污染则会抑制植物生长；接种根内球囊菌使得白茅的含水率、地上总氮和叶绿素含量分别提高了32.37%、11.34%和43.95%;N-乙酰-β-D-葡萄糖苷酶和β-葡萄糖苷酶均在不添加根内球囊菌时较高，而Cu污染条件下，添加菌剂对过氧化物酶、亮氨酸氨基肽酶和中性磷酸酶无显著影响。本研究可为铜尾矿区AMF-植物联合修复方面提供可利用菌种，也为重金属污染地区的生态修复提供科学依据。     

不同菌株培养顺序对添加黏土矿物白浆土腐殖质组成的影响

采用室内培养法, 以混有木质素白浆土为供试对象, 通过设置巨大芽孢杆菌（Bacillus megaterium）、 黑曲霉（Aspergillus niger）和灰色链霉菌（Streptomyces griseus）的6种培养顺序, 研究高岭石(K矿物）和蒙脱石（M矿物）对白浆土腐殖质组成的影响. 结果表明： 当以A.niger为Ⅰ期培养菌株, 或以B.megaterium为Ⅰ期、 A.niger为Ⅱ期培养菌株时, K矿物对白浆土-C(HA)-C(FA)的促进作用大于M矿物, M矿物更利于HA分子结构的复杂化, 当以S.griseus为Ⅰ期培养菌株时, M矿物更利于增加白浆土的-C(HA)C(FA); 在B.megaterium→S.griseus→A.niger培养顺序下, 与SiO₂相比, 两类矿物均有利于C(HA)C(FA)的增加; 除S.griseus→B.megaterium→A.niger外, 在其他5种培养顺序下, K矿物更利于C(Hu)的形成; 当Ⅱ期培养菌株为A.niger时, M矿物比K矿物更利于白浆土总有机碳(TOC)的矿化; S.griseus→A.niger→B.megaterium培养顺序对TOC的矿化程度最弱, 且K矿物更易促进白浆土C(WSS)的消耗, 两类矿物在A.niger→B.megaterium→S.griseus培养顺序下未对C(WSS)产生差异影响, 在其他4种培养顺序下, M矿物更易促进白浆土C(WSS)的消耗; 与SiO2相比, 两类矿物均可促进白浆土C(HE)的消耗.     

兰科丝核菌类真菌对铁皮石斛生长的影响

将初步鉴定为隶属于兰科丝核菌类瘤菌根菌属(Epulorhiza sp.)的GDB254和角菌根菌属(Ceratorhiza sp.)的MLX102、CLN103真菌菌株接种到铁皮石斛组培苗,65 d后测定对铁皮石斛生长均有明显的促进作用,接菌苗的平均鲜重净增率均高于对照,且经检验接菌苗与对照均达极显著差异(α=0.01).叶绿素a、b含量也较对照有明显增加,其中GDB254菌株接种铁皮石斛后其叶绿素a、b含量分别增加76.2%、128.0%,MLX102使其增加84.9%、85.4%,CLN103使其增加57.9% 、77.8%.通过徒手切片光学显微镜观察菌根,菌根真菌先在根外聚集并通过破坏根被入侵到皮层组织,在皮层组织细胞中通过菌丝穿越细胞壁不断延伸扩展,可侵染到中柱组织,并可在皮层和中柱细胞形成典型的菌丝结结构.从铁皮石斛生长量和叶绿素含量增加及根的显微结构表明,3个菌株确与铁皮石斛形成了共生菌根,并对其生长有明显促进作用.     

荧光假单胞菌株M18防治甜瓜蔓枯病害

荧光假单胞菌株M18在离体条件下,能有效抑制甜瓜蔓枯病菌的菌丝生长。经甜瓜蔓枯病菌的苗期接种试验。M18的菌悬液（10^8CFU/mL)对甜瓜蔓枯病的防治效果达到80％左右。在苗期接种抗性诱导试验中,发现荧光假单胞菌株M18还具有诱导甜瓜幼苗产生系统性抗甜瓜蔓枯病菌感染的能力。从M18培养液中,提取并纯化了抗生物质吩嗪－1－羧酸（PCA）,该物质对甜瓜蔓枯病菌具有强力抑菌作用,EC50值仅为3.24μg/mL。在大田试验中,M18可以保持80％的防治效果,显著提高甜瓜产量,并且还发现在蔓枯病发病初期,M18具有良好的治病作用。     

大雪兰种子的共生培养研究

 为了促进大雪兰种子的快速萌发,筛选能有效促进大雪兰(Cymbidium mastersii Griff. ex Lindl.)种子共生萌发的菌根真菌,在兰-菌共生培养条件下,开展了共生种子萌发后的生物量、菌株重分离、三维菌丝网光学和电子显微镜观察,以及TTC种子活力等方面的测定.经研究表明:经过150 d兰-菌共生培养,2种春兰和墨兰根部的菌根真菌CLB111、MLX102均对大雪兰种子共生萌发有明显的促进作用,萌发率与对照均达到极显著差异.经共生培养后从种子中重分离获得原接种菌株;共生萌发种子经光镜及电子显微镜观察到大量菌丝侵入并在胚细胞中形成三维菌丝网,胚开始分化,种子表现出明显的活性;而对照组种子经重分离未获得原接种菌株、未发现菌丝侵入种子,且种子活力极低.由此,筛选出促进大雪兰种子萌发的有效菌株为CLB111、MLX102.大雪兰成株的菌根真菌与其种子共生萌发的菌根真菌是一致的,这与天麻不同;同时,能有效促进大雪兰种子萌发的菌根真菌有2种.试验表明,大雪兰的菌根真菌与促进种子共生萌发的菌根真菌不是绝对专一的,在一定条件下,不同的菌株对同一种大雪兰种子有明显的促进萌发作用.对于不同的生态条件下是否存在有差异性的问题,有待进一步研究探讨     

石油烃降解菌培养基组分和条件优化

从新疆油田油井旁土样富集、筛选得到一株高效石油烃降解菌HL-6,经初步鉴定为红球菌属（Rhodococcus sp.）．研究表明,使用乙醇作为碳源制备液体种子液是可行的,之后采用单因素试验设计先后对菌株生长的培养基组分及生长条件进行了优化．结果表明,菌株HL-6的最适生长条件为：碳源（柴油）浓度为0．5％、氮源选择（NH4）2SO4浓度为8g／L、磷源为KH2PO4：Na2HPO4摩尔比为3：1、酵母粉浓度为0．03g／L、培养时间为3d、培养温度为20℃、pH=7．6、装液量为30mL、接种量为1．5％、摇床转速为150rpm．验证实验和预期一致,优化后降解率达到89．80％,比最初的78．50％提高了14．4％．     

小麦纹枯病生防放线菌株筛选及其防效初步研究

从小麦根际和土壤中分离到161个放线菌株.经平板抑菌测定,发现有7个菌株对小麦纹枯病菌表现出较强的抑菌作用活性.菌株发酵液抑菌测定结果表明,S024菌株抑菌活性最好,菌丝生长抑制率达78.6%.室内盆栽试验S024菌株发酵液对纹枯病的防效为45.38%,田间小区防效达到63.21%,并能提高小麦种子发芽率,促进幼苗的生长.     

毒死蜱对不同蔬菜种子生长的毒性研究

为评价毒死蜱对不同蔬菜种子发芽和根伸长的影响,以黄瓜、莴苣、甘蓝作为试验种子,采用水培法,将已催芽的试验种子暴露于一系列浓度的毒死蜱（乳油剂型）溶液中,测定种子的株高抑制率和根伸长下降率。结果表明：毒死蜱对黄瓜、莴苣、甘蓝种子生长均有一定的毒性。同一浓度水平下,黄瓜、莴苣、甘蓝3种试验种子株高和根伸长对毒死蜱的敏感性均为根伸长〉株高。3种蔬菜种子株高对毒死蜱的敏感性为黄瓜〉甘蓝〉莴苣,根伸长对毒死蜱的敏感性为黄瓜〉莴苣〉甘蓝。480g／L的毒死蜱（乳油剂型）对黄瓜、莴苣、甘蓝株高的风险等级为“低风险性”,对黄瓜、莴苣、甘蓝根长的风险等级为“中风险性”。     

蒜头果种腐病研究初报

于2000年10月至2001年5月做蒜头果（Malana oleifera Chun et S.Lee）种子沙藏试验,沙藏2个月后随机抽样100粒种子解剖检查,发现种子感病率64%,其中全部腐烂变质率高达50%,局部感病率14%,沙藏5个月发病率达72%,从蒜头果树病腐组织分离、纯化得到4个属的6个菌株病原真菌,镜检到一种线虫。分别用这6个菌株的菌丝与分子孢子的混合液体进行人工接种试验,结果表明,茄类镰刀菌（Fusarium solani）和黄萎轮枝菌（Verticllum albo-atrum Reinke et Berthold.）表现出较强的致病力,认为它们是蒜头果种腐病的致病菌,并对它们的形态特征及引致的症状特点作了描述,线虫的危害状尚未明确。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.