CVD法制备多壁碳纳米管中升温速率的影响

CVD法作为制备多壁碳纳米管的技术日臻成熟，其工艺过程中众多的影响因素也得到研究者广泛深入的研究，但就还原温度升温至裂解温度的升温速率对该法制备碳纳米管的影响报道较少，本文以稀土合金LaNi5为催化剂，C2H2为碳源气，H2和N2为还原气和保护气，选用不同的升温速率制备碳纳米管，通过XRD图谱和SEM图像分析升温速率对产物的影响。     

热等离子裂解甲烷制备纳米碳纤维

以N2、H2混合气体为工作气,常压条件下裂解甲烷制得纳米碳纤维。考察了原料气流量、工作气气氛和催化剂类型对CNFs生长的影响,并用SEM和TEM表征产物的形貌和结构。结果表明:原料气甲烷流量的增加可引起产物的形貌多样性增加;由于N2比Ar热值高,高温持续时间长,有利于元素态金属原子参与完成碳结构的石墨化进程,所得纳米碳纤维较Ar气氛产物碳层连续、互相平行,纤维管内外表面平直、光滑、无沉积。以Fe2O3为催化剂,纤维管直径分布范围小,杂质或无定形碳很少;以Co2O3为催化剂,产物近似多壁碳纳米管结构,但纯度较低;以Ni2O3为催化剂的管状产物是长度不到1μm的短截管,结晶度较差。     

纳米NiO／SiO2催化剂的制备及其在碳纳米管合成中的应用

以有机硅剂和硝酸镍为主要原料，通过调节有机硅剂和硝酸镍的配入量，采用sol-gel法及超临界干燥法，制得纳米SiO2－纳米NiO复合催化剂。催化剂的比表面积在470－1590m^2/g之间，将此种催化剂用于有机碳源热解制备碳纳米管过程中发现，该类催化剂可制备管径可控、纯度高的碳纳米管。     

催化剂、基底对ECR-CVD法制备碳纳米管的影响

采用电子回旋共振微波等离子体化学气相沉积技术(ECR CVD),CH4和H2为气源,分别以Fe3O4,Co纳米粒子及Fe(NO)3溶胶为催化剂在多孔硅基底上制备了碳纳米管;在Si(111)和石英基底上以Fe3O4纳米粒子为催化剂实现了碳纳米管的生长·使用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)对样品的形貌、尺寸及结构进行表征·讨论了催化剂和基底对碳纳米管形貌、密度和取向性的影响·结果表明:催化剂影响碳纳米管的成核密度和生长速度,基底通过影响催化剂的特性和分布均匀性,对碳纳米管的形貌和生长模式产生重要影响,以Fe3O4为催化剂在多孔硅上实现了碳纳米管的最优定向生长·     

低温催化裂解烷烃法制备碳纳米管

实验发现，甲烷可在较低温度（７２３Ｋ）下，在一种Ｎｉ催化剂上分解生成碳纳米管．透射电镜测试结果显示，通过此法制得的碳纤维几乎都具有管状结构．碳纳米管的外径，管长及产率明显地受催化剂的结构、性能，反应温度和原料气流速所支配．将所制得的产物浸泡在稀硝酸溶液中，溶去催化剂颗粒，经水洗，并于４７３Ｋ温度下烘干，可达到将碳纳米管产物与催化剂分离、纯化的目的．     

碳纳米管增强气凝胶隔热复合材料的性能研究

以碳纳米管为增强相,通过溶胶-凝胶和常压干燥制备出碳纳米管增强SiO2气凝胶隔热复合材料,对复合材料的形貌和微观结构进行了表征,测试了材料的红外透射率、有效导热系数及抗压强度.研究结果表明加入碳纳米管后气凝胶平均孔径略有减小、红外辐射遮挡效率提高,使碳纳米管增强气凝胶复合材料具有超级绝热性能;而且碳纳米管明显改善了气凝胶的抗压强度,如加入1wt%碳纳米管后气凝胶在10%形变下的抗压强度提高了1.7倍.     

Ni/β-Zeolite催化合成管径均匀的MWNTs

采用化学气相沉积法（CCVD），用乙炔为原料气，在Ni／β－Zeolite负载的镍基催化剂上成功地合成了外径30－40nm，内径2－3nm，长度达四十几微米管径均匀的多层碳纳米管（MWNTs），研究了MWNTs从分子筛中分离和纯化的方法。     

碳纳米管掺杂对柔性气凝胶性能的影响

以甲基三乙氧基硅烷作为前驱体,碳纳米管为添加物,采用溶胶-凝胶法和常压干燥制备碳纳米管掺杂改性的柔性SiO_2气凝胶。通过扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、傅里叶变换红外光谱(FT-IR)、热重-差示扫描量热仪(TGDSC)及机械测试对制备的气凝胶进行表征,研究碳纳米管对柔性SiO_2气凝胶性能的影响。结果表明:碳纳米管的添加有效地增加了柔性SiO_2气凝胶的强度,柔性气凝胶的热稳定性从455℃提高到563℃,并提高了气凝胶的使用性能。     

碳纳米管内外管壁担载NiO催化剂的氧化还原及催化性能研究

采用不同处理方法对碳纳米管进行预处理,后通过超声浸渍法制备得到新型的催化剂:以碳纳米管为载体,将不同含量的活性金属Ni担载于碳纳米管内外管壁而制得催化剂.后采用氢气程序升温还原(H2-TPR)和透射电镜(TEM)等表征技术对制得催化剂的表面形貌、还原性能等进行考察,并将催化剂样品用于CO2甲烷化反应中考察催化剂的催化性能.实验结果显示,催化剂金属Ni内担载在管内后,Ni的还原度和分散度有了提高,明显地提高了催化剂还原性能和催化性能.     

以MnCl_2为催化剂前体用CVD法合成碳纳米管

以MnCl2为催化剂前体,利用化学气相沉积法合成出了碳纳米管,利用电子显微镜和能量色散X射线谱对样品进行了表征,系统研究了碳纳米管生成的条件。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.