斑嘴鸭卵的人工孵化研究

研究了人工饲养条件下斑嘴鸭卵的形态学特征、人工孵化及出雏行为等问题,结果表明:鲜卵重平均为6 1.35± 1.89g,长径 5 6.84± 1.30mm,短径 43.5 5± 0.97mm,孵化期为 2 8.0 4± 0.94天;孵化失重率(Y)与孵化天数(X)之间的关系为Y =1.0 10 6 - 0.0 0 72X     

几种脊椎动物红细胞生理特性的比较研究

对几种脊椎动物 (家鸽、蟾蜍、鲫鱼 )的红细胞渗透脆性、红细胞沉降率及红细胞比容几项生理特性进行了初步比较研究 .结果 :①家鸽红细胞最大渗透脆性为 0 .82 %± 0 .13 %NaCl溶液 (0 .5 0 %～ 1.0 0 % ) ,最小渗透脆性为 0 .44 %± 0 .0 4%NaCl溶液(0 .3 5 %～ 0 .5 0 % ) ;蟾蜍分别为 0 .2 1%± 0 .0 3 %NaCl溶液 (0 .18%～ 0 .3 0 % )和 0 .14 %± 0 .0 3 %NaCl溶液 (0 .10 %～ 0 .2 0 % ) ;鲫鱼分别为 0 .2 8%± 0 .0 4%NaCl溶液 (0 .2 2 %～ 0 .3 0 % )和 0 .2 0 %± 0 .0 3 %NaCl溶液 (0 15 %～ 0 .2 5 % ) .②家鸽红细胞沉降率为 4.2 4±2 .2 3mm/ 1h末 (1～ 10mm/ 1h末 ) ;蟾蜍为 11.0 3± 4.2 6mm/ 1h末 (4～ 2 7mm/ 1h末 ) ;鲫鱼为 3 .80± 0 .62mm/ 1h末(3～ 5mm/ 1h末 ) .③家鸽红细胞比容为 48.73 %± 7.11% (3 4.8%～ 5 9.2 % ) ;蟾蜍为 2 2 .77%± 8.5 2 % (7.3 %～ 41.8% ) ;鲫鱼为3 9.40 %± 7.5 3 % (2 2 .3 %～ 48.7% ) .本文对上述几种脊椎动物的红细胞生理特性的结果进行了统计学显著性检验 .     

金扇凤蝶和红纹凤蝶生物学特性观察

金扇凤蝶 Troides H elena (Linnaeus)在广州一年发生 5至 6代 ,越冬蛹期为 12 2 - 15 6天。 1996年 6- 7月 ,平均每雌产卵量为 4 7.7粒 ,卵期为 5 .2 5± 0 .5 3天 ,幼虫期为 15 .4 5± 0 .5 1天 ,蛹期为 18.73± 1.16天 ,成虫寿命为 11- 18天。红纹凤蝶 Pachlioptera aristolochiae(Fabricius)在广州一年发生 9至 10代 ,越冬蛹期为 83- 114天 ,平均每雌产卵量为 5 0 .8粒 ,卵期为 3.6 3± 0 .78天 ,幼虫期为 12 .77± 1.0 2天 ,蛹期为11.75± 0 .5 0     

实验室群体饲养条件下分月扇舟蛾生物学特性初步研究

恒温条件下 (2 8± 0 .5℃ ,12 h光照 )在南京林业大学实验室内群体饲养研究下 ,分月扇舟蛾 (Closteraanastomosis L.)的生物学特性 ,并与文献记录的自然条件下分月扇舟蛾的生物特性比较。结果表明 ,分月扇舟蛾成虫体长为♂ 10～ 13mm,♀ 12～ 15 mm,老熟幼虫体长 2 5～ 32 m m,均小于自然种群中的个体。幼虫每隔 2～ 3d蜕皮 1次 ,共蜕皮 4次 ,幼虫历期 11d,蛹期 4 d。蛹重平均为 14 8.4 m g。成虫羽化过程需 2 0～ 2 5 min,羽化历期 4～ 12 d。成虫羽化数小时后即可交尾 ,交尾时间长达 8～ 2 3h,可多次交尾。交尾后数小时即可产卵 ,每雌产卵量为 2 30～ 5 30粒 ,平均 312粒。卵从第 6 d开始孵化 ,孵化率可达 90 %以上。世代周期为 2 2 d。实验室饲养条件下分月扇舟蛾的生物学特性与自然条件下有较大的差异。     

赤眼鳟人工繁殖技术研究

于2003年12月至2006年5月,在浙江湖州进行了赤眼鳟池塘培育和规模化人工繁殖试验。结果表明:以粗蛋白含量大于22%的配合饲料和紫萍为饵料,经6个月池塘培育,大部分1龄个体的性腺已基本成熟,2龄个体性腺成熟率达100%;池塘培育的1龄赤眼鳟的绝对怀卵量为(7.07±0.43)×104粒,相对怀卵量457.0,成熟系数23.0%。2龄赤眼鳟的绝对怀卵量为(12.18±0.89)×104粒,相对怀卵量233.5,成熟系数13.3%;拉网等应急剌激对亲鱼产卵有明显影响,每口培育塘繁殖次数不宜超过2次;赤眼鳟人工繁殖宜1次注射、自然产卵,雌鱼适宜剂量为1 000 IU HCG 10μg LRH-A/kg,雄鱼减半,雌雄亲鱼比应控制在7/4以内;浙北地区的人工催产时间在5月底至6月初、水温稳定在22℃以上时为宜。经池塘培育的2龄亲鱼的催产率95.9%、受精率75.3%～88.4%、孵化率86.6%～94.1%。     

大熊猫（Ailuropoda melanoleuca）的繁殖研究

通过对最大的大熊猫圈养种群———中国保护大熊猫研究中心的圈养种群的研究 ,总结了圈养大熊猫的繁殖生物学特性 .中国保护大熊猫研究中心的繁殖场现圈养了大熊猫 4 2只 ,雄性 18只 ,雌性 2 4只 .0～ 1岁的 11只 ,2～ 4岁的 12只 ,5～ 10岁的 8只 ,11～ 15岁的 7只 ,16岁以上的 4只 .育龄雌性大熊猫 11只 ,有生育史的 9只 ,育龄雄性大熊猫 6只 ,4只能进行自然交配 ,2只可供采精 .从 1986～ 2 0 0 0年 ,共繁殖大熊猫 3 3胎 ,5 0仔 ,存活 1岁以上的3 6只 ,存活率为 72 %,其中单胎 17胎 ( 5 1 5 %) ,双胞胎 15胎 ( 4 5 5 %) ,三胞胎 1胎 ( 3 %) .大熊猫是季节性繁殖的动物 ,每年春季 3～ 4月发情交配 ,8月 ( 3 0 49%)和 9月 ( 4 8 88%)产仔 ,每胎平均产仔 1 5只 ,圈养繁殖大熊猫的雌雄比为 1 1∶1.大熊猫的妊娠期和幼仔的初生体重变化很大 ,妊娠期平均是 13 7 4± 19 3d ,初生幼兽的体重平均为14 2 6± 3 9 4g(N =13 ) ,最轻的只有 5 3 5g ,最重的 2 16g .即使是同一双胞胎 ,两仔的体重也有很大差异 ,1999年 8月2日大熊猫白雪产一双胞胎 ,两仔的体重分别为 5 3 5g和 15 0g ,相差近 3倍 .性成熟的年龄 ,雌性是 5 7± 1 1岁 ,雄性是 5 8± 0 5 8岁 .     

苦楝果提取物对桑天牛产卵量及卵孵化率的影响

以用一定浓度的苦楝果提取物处理的构树枝条作为天牛的食物 ,研究了其对桑天牛产卵及卵孵化的影响。在室温下用苦楝果提取物 5 0 0mg/kg处理枝条 ,处理组天牛 ( 7对 )在1 5天试验中 ,7对天牛日平均产卵量为 8.5 3± 2 .35个 ,而对照组 7对天牛日平均产卵量为1 5 .80± 0 .98个。经T检验处理组与对照组之间差异极显著。用 2 5 0、1 0 0 0、2 0 0 0mg/kg的苦楝果提取物处理枝条 ,在 1 5天试验中 ,7对天牛日平均产卵量分别为 8.0 6± 2 .90、6.73± 3.82、5 .2 0± 1 .74个 ,而对照组 7对天牛的日平均产卵量为 1 3.73± 2 .90个。经T检验它们与对照之间差异极显著。取食含苦楝果提取物 2 5 0、1 0 0 0、2 0 0 0mg/kg处理枝条后 ,天牛产的卵分别需经 1 2、1 5、1 9d达到其最终孵化率 94.2 1 %、87.1 2 %、43.5 8% ;而对照组 1 1d达到最终孵化率 99.5 0 %。并据上述结果提出并讨论了应用苦楝果提取物防治桑天牛的前景     

厦门白鹭自然保护区的白鹭繁殖行为和繁殖力研究

2 0 0 1年 3月至 7月对厦门白鹭自然保护区鸡屿岛的白鹭 (Egrettagarzetta)繁殖行为和繁殖力进行了研究 .白鹭集群、择巢、筑巢于 2月中旬至 3月中旬 ,3月底部分亲鸟开始产卵和孵化 ,4月中旬雏鸟开始出壳 .白鹭窝卵数为 4.43± 0 .6 8(SD)枚 ,孵化期为 2 3.2± 1.4d ,孵化率为 88.5 0 % ,窝雏数为 3.8± 0 .8只 ,育雏期 2 8～ 35d ,雏鸟成活率为 87.7% .每年每只白鹭的繁殖力为 1.96只雏鸟 ,每巢成功繁殖 3.37只雏鸟 .鸡屿岛白鹭繁殖前期的种群数量为 5 0 32只 ,繁殖结束时亲鸟和成活雏鸟数量共 135 0 6只 .本文分析影响白鹭繁殖的主要因素 ,并提出白鹭繁殖期的管理和保护措施     

从脐血单个核细胞定向诱导巨核细胞的生成

采用 SCF、TPO、IL- 3、IL- 6、IL- 1细胞因子 ,从脐血单个核细胞定向诱导巨核细胞的形成。比较了 SCF+ TPO+ IL- 1、SCF+ TPO+ IL- 3、SCF+ TPO+ IL- 63种细胞因子组合对刺激巨核细胞生成的作用 ,经体外培养 8d后 ,CD41 + 细胞占培养物的比例分别达到 ( 5 .64± 0 .77) %、( 5 .73± 1 .2 4 ) %和 ( 2 0 .1± 2 .5 3) % ;每 1 0 4个细胞可形成巨核祖细胞集落形成单位 ( CFU- MK)为( 1 3.7± 5 .7)个、( 1 5 .0± 3.6)个和 ( 93.7± 1 6.0 )个。在 SCF+ TPO+ IL- 6体系中增加 IL- 6的浓度 ,可提高培养液中 CD41 + 细胞的纯度。当 IL- 6的浓度从 1 0μg/L增加到 5 0μg/L时 ,CD41 + 细胞的比例可从 ( 2 0 .1± 2 .5 3) %提高到 ( 2 6.81± 3.2 0 ) % ,但每 1 0 4个细胞形成 CFU- MK数目却从( 93.7± 1 6.0 )个减少到 ( 4 5± 8.6)个 ;这说明 IL- 6对巨核细胞的刺激主要作用在其发育的后期。采用 SCF+ TPO+ IL- 3+ IL - 6细胞因子组合 ,由 1× 1 0 6个单个核细胞培养一周后可诱导出 ( 1 .61±0 .5 8)× 1 0 5个 CD41 + 细胞 ,占培养物的比例可达到 ( 1 8.8± 1 .64) % ,每 1 0 4个细胞形成 CFU- MK数目可达到 ( 1 2 1 .8± 1 0 .3)个。这一结果为进一步体外大量扩增巨核细胞提供了基础     

经尿道气化电切治疗前列腺增生症

目的 :观察经尿道气化电切术治疗前列腺增生症的效果及体会 .方法 :应用气化电切技术经尿道切除增生的前列腺腺体 .结果 :手术平均时间 6 7min ,平均出血量 6 0mL ,平均切除腺体重量为 2 8.0 g .术后膀胱冲洗 36～ 4 8h ,留置尿管 3～ 5d .术后随诊 12个月 ,患者自觉症状较术前有明显改善 .最大尿流率 (MFR)平均为 2 4 .2mL/s ,残余尿量 (2 8± 6 .7)mL ,国际前列腺症状评分 (IPSS) (6 .8± 3.1)分 .结论 :经尿道气化电切术治疗前列腺增生手术进程快 ,出血少 ,腺体切除彻底 ,术后并发症少 ,疗效显著     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.