教学应该从哪里开始？

教学应该从哪里开始？从教本、从教师、从应付考试，还是从学生教学应该从学生开始，从学生对某些知识的掌握开始？本文对目前的教学从哪里开始总结分析了四种表现形式：即从教科书开始的教本主义，从考试开始的考本主义，从教师开始的师本主义和从学生开始的生本主义，现对此作以下分析：     

水工隧洞施工中的索赔技术探讨

从水工隧洞工程施工的特殊性出发，阐述了承包商对隧洞施工的索赔，从准备工作、提出索赔到注意事项作了详细的说明，指出索赔对承包商的重要性和必要性。     

教师角色扮演中诸多因素对教学效果的影响

结合个人实践，从两个方面总结分析了教师角色扮演中诸多因素对教学效果的影响。一方面从教师教学具备的素质，自信心，性格、性别的差异，教学设计四个层面进行了探讨；另一方面从教学环境，课堂出现突发事件，应变能力，角色转变四个层面进行了分析。它对搞好微格教学训练，提高师范生课堂教学技能，加快师范生自身的发展有着重要的指导意义。     

统摄语言江湖的立法———刘恪《现代小说语言美学》所设的理论高标

刘恪由可知语言进入潜语言，由形式语言进入非形式语言，对极限状态、瞬间状态、潜在状态的语言进行探究；他创造了小说语言美学的另类表达方式：从借言阐述到了悟于心，从大量佐证到自我举证，从综合涵摄到审美直觉，从元素分析到技巧分析，从理性的推导到感性的奔放，从规整的方阵到诗意的弥散；他对现代小说语言所作的详实研究和独到发现，奠定了他在中国小说史特别是语言形式美学史上的坚实地位。     

计算机课教学的几点思考

随着计算机课教学的深入，本文面对职业学校学生的特点，对计算机课教学从实践到方法进行了研究，从问题的切入点入手，由兴趣到实践再到培养学生的创新能力作了进一步的阐述，对提高学生的学习兴趣起到了抛砖引玉的作用。     

大学生网络阅读的导引大有可为

从网络阅读对象的特点出发，探讨了网络阅读对大学生的意义，分析了大学生网络阅读凸现的问题及负面因素，基于我馆的网络阅读导引的实践，从图书馆视角审视提出了对网络阅读导引的模式。     

松华坝水源区自然地理特征与资源利用分析

综观对昆明市松华坝水源保护区多学科考察之状况，从地理学的角度，比照传统的综合分析法，采用了系统分析法对水源区的自然地理特征进行了逐层的分析与归纳，结合水源区的主要功能，对自然资源的特点和利用保护问题，从宏观上进行了分析评述。     

IT系统在企业中的应用

从实际应用的角度，阐述了IT系统在企业中的应用和建设问题。从面向客户的角度出发，对企业IT系统进行了划分，并讨论了各系统之间逻辑关系及其具体功能，在此基础上，对各系统的具体建设内容进行了重点分析。     

西安市职业学校体育课程设置及场馆现状抽样调查分析

从对普通中学、大学学生体质检测比较多，但对我国职业学校学生体质现状、课程设置及场地设备调查研究较少，但从其从事职业上考虑又体现了体质、体能的重要性，本文通过对西安市地区职业学校调查分析，对职业学校在课程设置，场所条件等方面进行了客观评价，提出了建设性意见。     

城乡统筹视觉下的公共服务设施规划思考

本文基于笔者多年的工作经验，首先从宏观上分析探讨了城乡基础设施存在问题和进行城乡统筹的意义，分析了问题的原因，而后笔者从微观着手，基于笔者的项目经验，从六个方面具体给出了进行城乡统筹下的公共服务设施规划的具体操作方法，全文从宏观到微观，既有理论基础，也给出了具体的操作方法，相信对从事相关工作的同行有着重要的参考价值和借鉴意义。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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