火棘果黄酮提取工艺优化及其抗氧化作用

基于单因素实验,用PB实验对影响火棘果黄酮得率的因素进行评价,筛选出具有显著效应的二个因素—粒径和提取次数;用响应面分析法确定了主要影响因素的最佳提取条件,最后得出火棘果黄酮最佳提取工艺为50%丙酮,料液比1∶60,温度为70℃,1h,粒径为100目,提取2次,在此条件下火棘果总黄酮得率为65.45mg/g.在不同抗氧化体系中火棘果黄酮抗氧化效果不同,其中对ABTS和DPPH自由基的清除效果远强于PG,但对.OH的清除效果弱于PG.     

紫鸭跖草总黄酮提取工艺优化及抗氧化研究

以紫鸭跖草为研究材料,采用溶剂提取法对紫鸭跖草进行总黄酮的提取和体外抗氧化研究.经单因素和正交试验得出紫鸭跖草黄酮最佳提取工艺为:料液比1∶70,提取时间2h,提取温度90℃,乙醇体积分数80%,在最佳提取工艺条件下黄酮得率为4.59%,该工艺稳定可行.紫鸭跖草黄酮对于试验中所选取的自由基在测定范围内,清除作用均随着质量浓度的增加呈现出正相关的效应,体现出较强的抗氧化作用;对DPPH自由基的清除能力较强并和相同质量浓度的VC清除效果基本相当,对羟自由基的清除作用在所试范围内效果弱于VC.     

超声波辅助提取刺梨籽黄酮工艺优化及其体外抗氧化活性研究

以恩施市野生刺梨籽为原料,借助超声波为辅助的提取方法,对野生刺梨的刺梨籽黄酮的提取工艺进行优化研究,在此基础上初步探索刺梨籽黄酮的抗氧化活性.提取工艺响应面优化结果为:提取剂乙醇体积分数(v/v)81. 36%,超声功率403.54 W,超声时间55.76 min,液料比21.94∶1,响应面模型预测刺梨籽黄酮提取最大得率为82. 27 mg/g.以优化后的提取条件进行黄酮提取验证,其得率为80.16 mg/g,与模型预测值的误差为2.56%.通过体外抗氧化活性试验,表明刺梨籽黄酮提取物具有一定的抗氧化活性.该试验结果为刺梨籽黄酮的提取以及黄酮的性质研究提供了一定的试验基础.     

人参多糖提取工艺优化及体外抗氧化作用的研究

目的 通过优化人参多糖(Ginseng Polysaccharide)的提取工艺,探讨人参多糖的体外抗氧化能力.方法 应用水提醇沉法,在料液比、提取温度、提取时间、提取次数单因素试验的基础上,采用4因素3水平正交分析法优化人参多糖的提取工艺,同时对人参多糖的总抗氧化能力(FRAP法)、清除1,1-二苯基苦基苯肼自由基(DPPH·)和羟基自由基(·OH)的能力进行测定.结果 影响多糖得率的顺序依次为提取温度>料液比>提取时间>提取次数,此研究确定了人参多糖的最优提取工艺:提取温度60℃,料液比m(g):V(mL)=1:30,提取时间60 min,提取次数2次,在此条件下获得的最高得率为(9.87±0.35)％.人参多糖清除DPPH自由基的IC50值为7.58μg/mL,清除羟自由基的IC50值为145.72μg/mL.体外抗氧化结果 表明:人参多糖的总抗氧化能力、清除DPPH自由基和羟自由基的能力均强于相同浓度下水溶性维生素E,且呈剂量依赖性增加.结论 人参多糖具有较好的体外抗氧化能力.     

超声辅助提取黑芝麻油脚卵磷脂及其抗氧化活性研究

以黑芝麻油脚为实验原料,研究超声辅助乙醇溶液提取其卵磷脂的工艺.以卵磷脂得率为考核指标,在单因素实验基础上,通过正交试验优化研究提取黑芝麻油脚卵磷脂的最佳工艺条件,并采用DPPH自由基清除法研究最佳工艺条件下得到的卵磷脂粗提物的抗氧化活性.实验结果表明,黑芝麻油脚卵磷脂的最佳提取工艺条件为:乙醇的体积分数为95%,料液比为1:12,超声温度为40℃,超声时间为40min.在此最优提取工艺条件下,黑芝麻油脚卵磷脂的得率为11.98%.由体外抗氧化活性实验结果可知,黑芝麻油脚卵磷脂对DPPH自由基的清除能力在一定范围内随着浓度的增加而增加,其IC50值为0.46 mg/mL,表明其具有一定的抗氧化活性,但与对照品维生素C的抗氧化性能相比较弱.     

响应面法优化超声波水提马齿苋黄酮的工艺

为优化超声波辅助水提马齿苋黄酮的提取工艺.在超声提取温度、超声提取时间、液固比3个单因素实验基础上,采用响应面法(RSM法)优化马齿苋黄酮的超声辅助提取条件.利用中心组合设计,研究以上3个自变量对响应值马齿苋黄酮得率的影响,用SAS 8.1进行结果分析.结果表明:超声波辅助提取马齿苋黄酮的最佳工艺条件为超声温度73℃,超声时间49 min.液固比(mL:g)41:1;在此条件下黄酮得率为8.24 mg/g,与理论预测值的误差为2.02%,说明采用RSM法优化得到的提取条件可靠.     

正交设计法优选银线莲黄酮类化合物提取工艺研究

本实验采用正交设计法对银线莲黄酮类化合物提取工艺参数进行优化.以黄酮提取率为指标,以乙醇浓度、提取时间、料液比、提取温度、萃取液比为考察因素,采用正交试验优选最佳提取工艺.结果表明最佳提取工艺应为在80℃条件下提取,乙醇浓度90％,提取时间为2.0h,料液比1：20,萃取液用量为提取液的0.75倍,最后黄酮得率为1.697％.     

表面活性剂协同微波提取布渣叶总黄酮

采用表面活性剂协同微波法提取布渣叶中总黄酮,考察表面活性剂的种类和浓度、微波辐射时间、料液比、pH等因素对提取总黄酮的影响,结合正交实验进行优化.结果表明:最佳工艺条件为表面活性剂选择0.12％的十二烷基硫酸钠,微波辐2.5 min,料液比1∶35 g/mL,pH 5.5.在最佳工艺条件下,黄酮得率为11.33％.与其他提取方法相比,文中方法具有节能省时、黄酮得率高等优点.     

橘皮黄酮提取的响应面优化及抗氧化活性研究

以黄酮得率为指标,采用Box-Behnken中心组合实验和响应面分析法,研究了料液比、提取温度和提取时间对橘皮中黄酮类化合物提取的影响;用AB-8型大孔吸附树脂为色谱柱填充料,对橘皮黄酮提取物进行了纯化;以橘皮黄酮对1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼（DPPH）自由基、羟基自由基的清除率为指标,研究了橘皮黄酮的体外抗氧化活性.结果表明：橘皮黄酮的适宜提取工艺是以水为提取溶剂、料液比为1∶38（g/mL）、于99℃浸提2 h,该条件下橘皮黄酮的最大得率为11.028 mg/g;AB-8型大孔吸附树脂对橘皮黄酮类化合物的纯化效果明显,纯化后橘皮黄酮的纯度提高了383.312%;对DPPH自由基、羟基自由基清除率的半抑制浓度（IC50）分别为0.019和0.557 mg/mL,纯化后橘皮黄酮对DPPH和羟基自由基的清除能力分别提高了96.185%和65.122%,表明橘皮黄酮是一种良好的天然抗氧化剂.     

楠竹叶中黄酮类化合物的超声提取及抗氧性研究

用超声提取法分别对楠竹叶中黄酮类化合物的提取条件进行了研究,通过正交实验得出最佳条件:乙醇体积分数70%、料液比1:10(g/m L)、提取时间20 min,提取4次,总黄酮得率达到5.709%,相比传统的蒸馏法和索氏提取法(提取率3%)提取效率高,所需时间短,耗费溶剂量少.此外还研究了楠竹叶黄酮提取物对羟自由基和DPPH自由基的抗氧化能力,发现均具有较强的抑制作用.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

The Analects and the Moment in Peking——The influence of a Confucian education system on the personality formation,the way of thinking and the fate of the main characters

0.Preface China has long been boasting of its colorful and immense culture which comprises of Taoism,Confucianism and Buddhism.The interwoven influence among the religions on Chinese way of thinking,on the nation＇s behavior in their social life throughout the long history is beyond list.