沁水盆地南部煤层气藏特征

以油气、煤田和煤层气勘探阶段积累的资料为基础,系统探讨了沁南煤层气藏的特征。通过对气藏静态特征（包括煤层空间几何形态、煤层气成分和含量、储层物性、吸附特征、储层压力及封闭条件）和动态过程（包括煤层气形成、运移和聚集）的分析,指出晚古生代的煤层在经历了印支期和燕山期两次煤化作用生成的煤层气,在喜马拉雅期遭受了严重的调整与改造后逐渐形成现今的沁南煤层气藏。直接控制该煤层气藏中煤层气富集程度的因素为顶底板与边界断层。目前的高产煤层气井基本上都位于地下水滞流区。     

沁水盆地煤系天然气系统富集成藏的主控因素分析

沁水盆地是我国最大的构造聚煤盆地,也是国内首个实现煤系天然气商业化开采的区块。盆地内石炭-二叠系煤层厚度大、分布稳定、吸附能力强、含气量大,目前产能已超过20×108m3,具有良好的勘探开发潜力。以煤田、煤系天然气勘探阶段积累的资料为基础,系统探讨了沁水盆地煤系天然气富集成藏的主控因素,分析认为构造演化、埋藏史和热演化、沉积体系和水文地质条件是控制沁水盆地煤系天然气富集成藏的主要地质因素。沁水盆地两期生气都是在构造运动的影响下发生,煤系赋存状态为印支、燕山和喜山期构造运动叠加的结果,断裂及陷落柱发育区含气量低;区内煤层埋深呈现北部深南部浅,中部深东西部浅的特点,南部热演化程度高,煤系天然气含量大;沉积体系影响煤层的空间展布;水文地质条件关系着煤系天然气的形成和保存,弱水动力区为煤系天然气的有利区。     

Influence of overpressure on coalbed methane reservoir in south Qinshui basin

In theory, from the high temperature and pressure during the coal generating gas to the present low temperature and pressure of coalbed methane reservoir, the accumulation of coalbed methane was from oversaturated to undersaturated. The gas content of the coalbed methane reservoir in the south Qinshui basin was 12-35.7 m3/t. According to the isotherm and measured gas content of No. 3 coal, the adsorbed gas content in some wells was highly saturated and oversaturated, which was hard to theoretically understand. In addition, there were no thermogenic and biogenic gases at the late stage in the south Qinshui basin. This article proposed that the overpressure was the main reason for the present high saturation of the coalbed methane reservoir. In early Cretaceous, the coalbed methane reservoir was characterized by overpressure and high saturation caused by gas generation from coal measure source rocks. In late Cretaceous, the coalbed methane reservoir was rapidly uplifted, and with the temperature and pressure decreasing, the pressure condition of adsorbed gas changed from overpressure to normal-under pressure, which resulted in the high saturation and gas content in the present coalbed methane reservoir.     

蜀南地区龙潭组煤层气储层特征及资源潜力

据中国多次开展的煤层气资源评价结果,蜀南地区煤炭以无烟煤为主,与沁水盆地类似,其煤层变质程度高,吸附能力强,含气量高,蕴藏了大量的煤层气资源。为了进一步查明蜀南地区煤层气储层特征及其资源潜力,根据该区测井资料、录井资料、煤层气参数井资料,从煤层分布特征、煤质特征、孔-裂隙发育特征、含气性特征及等温吸附特征等方面,分析了该区煤储层特征,对储层质量进行综合评价,并在此基础上评价其资源潜力。结果表明,蜀南地区龙潭组煤变质程度高,属于无烟煤;兰氏体积大,含气量高,气体质量好,含气饱和度高,兰氏压力小,临界解吸压力小、地解比偏低。综合评价显示该区煤层气储层质量较好,资源潜力大,但开发难度较大,尚需适宜的开采技术。建议选择长宁-叙永区块开展煤层气勘探开发试验,探索煤层气勘探评价方法及有效的开采技术。     

吐哈盆地沙尔湖凹陷侏罗系煤层气勘探新认识

为了探讨吐哈盆地沙尔湖凹陷侏罗系煤层气的勘探潜力,应用大量最新分析化验数据和钻井资料,分析了煤层发育特征、煤岩热演化规律和显微组分、煤储层物性、煤层气成因类型、煤岩吸附特征、含气性、构造运动、水动力条件、煤岩直接顶板的岩性等保存条件及前期煤层气井勘探失利原因等。结果表明,沙尔湖凹陷煤岩热演化程度低,具典型的煤层原生生物气特征,均质性差;但煤层厚度大,煤层裂隙及大孔发育,原煤含气量高,煤层气保存条件较好,煤层气总资源量较大。总之,沙尔湖凹陷侏罗系煤层气成藏条件优越,资源丰度高,采用合适的钻井、完井、储层改造措施及排采制度,将会取得一定的勘探成效。     

沁水盆地煤地质与煤层气聚集单元特征研究

通过对沁水盆地煤层气聚集单元分析,可以看出煤层气聚集单元划分需要查明影响煤层气成藏的各种地质因素。煤层气聚集成藏是天然气成藏中的特殊情况,其特殊的成因机制使得聚集单元分析不能套用常规石油天然气聚集单元的划分原则,其中煤地质基础研究特别是煤层气基础研究是煤层气聚集单元分析的基础;对于一个完整盆地,煤聚积规律研究对煤层气最为重要,因此应该在高分辨率层序地层单元划分的基础上进行精细的富煤单元分析;对于指导煤层气勘探与开发,盆地内部次级单元的划分是实用的,也是难度更大的;沁水盆地煤层气聚集单元可以用以下“富气区”描述,即沁南极富气区、东翼斜坡带富气区、西翼斜坡带低富气区、西山较低富气区和高平一晋城低富气区,因此沁南区是煤层气成藏有利区。     

Analysis of pore system model and physical property of coal reservoir in the Qinshui Basin

The Qinshui Basin in China is a major area for exploration and development of high rank coalbed methane. Due to the high rank coal and complicated pore system, no substantial breakthrough in the exploration and development of coalbed methane has been made until now. Many systematic tests show that a pore system of coal reservoir has some features as follows: the porosity is relatively low; the pore system is dominated by micropores and transition pores; mesopores take the second place, and macropores are nearly absent, which is exceedingly adverse for production of coal-bed methane. However, testing data also revealed the differential development for the pore of high rank coal reservoirs in the Qinshui Basin, which necessarily led to the different physical properties of desorption, diffusion and permeability. This paper classifies the testing data using cluster analysis method and selects the typical samples to establish four pore system models, analyzes the differences of reservoir physical property, and provides a guidance for the exploration and development of coalbed methane in the Qinshui Basin.     

褐煤储层含气量计算

因我国褐煤中煤层气赋存特征认知程度较低,影响了较低煤级煤层气的开发,褐煤中含气量的研究显得尤为关键。基于此,文中对采自内蒙古海拉尔盆地4个褐煤H1,H2,H3,H4样品进行煤岩煤质分析,25℃平衡水等温吸附实验。计算埋深在400～2 000 m吸附气含量;模拟在储层温度、压力、矿化度、密度条件进行甲烷溶解度的测定结果表明甲烷溶解度随压力、温度的同时增加而增大(低于80℃),基于实验结果,计算了不同埋深(温度、压力)下褐煤储层的水溶气含量;测定4个褐煤样品孔隙度,根据马略特定律计算游离气含量。由吸附气、水溶气及游离气含量计算褐煤含气量。结果表明,埋深小于1 000 m的褐煤含气量随埋深增加而增大;埋深大于1 000m随埋深增加而减少。H1含气量较低,H2,H3,H4含气量较高,400～2 000 m埋深的褐煤含气量介于2.57～6.99 m3/t之间,且均随埋深增加而增大。含气量中吸附气、水溶气、游离气含量比例分别为78.7%,9.3%,12.0%.     

黑龙江省煤层气勘探前景分析—以鸡西、勃利盆地为例

随着我国天然气需求日益增大和国内外煤层气勘探开发技术的成熟,煤层气已经成为常规天然气现实的补充和接替目标。黑龙江省煤炭资源丰富,含煤盆地众多,煤层气资源潜力大,具有较好的勘探前景。本文通过对鸡西、勃利盆地钻井资料分析,评价了煤层特征并预测了城子河组煤层的厚度和空间分布。通过对煤层厚度、埋深和变质程度等因素综合分析认为鸡西盆地含煤层性好,含气量高,是黑龙江省煤层气勘探开发的重点探区。勃利盆地煤层分布广,含气量达到开发标准,但煤层薄,间距大,埋深较大,可做为煤层气勘探的远景探区。     

煤层气储层压力测试实验研究

以沁水盆地南部测试井为煤层气储层压力实验对象,利用自主研发的煤层气储层压力测试实验装备,对煤层的储层压力进行实验测定.利用实验测试压力数据对煤层气的储层压力参数进行分析和研究;从而得出沁水盆地南部煤层气储层压力的实验数值.通过煤层气储层压力实验数据结果对煤层气勘探、测试和后期排采过程都具有非常重要的指导意义.     

抚顺矿区煤层气资源条件综合分析

通过对抚顺矿区煤层气地质特征、储层特征及煤层气资源量的系统而深入分析,认为该区煤层气资源条件良好,主煤层巨厚而集中、煤阶相对较高、煤岩类型有利于煤层气的生成、主煤层顶板的巨厚油页岩有利于煤层气的保存、且含气量相对较高、渗透性好、1200m以浅的煤层气资源量还有41.65×108m3。同时对矿区井下瓦斯抽放利用和煤层气利用的下游市场进行了评述,指出抚顺矿区是使我国煤层气产业走出困境,寻求突破的最佳试验战场。     

Evolution of the CBM reservoir-forming dynamic system with mixed secondary biogenic and thermogenic gases in the Huainan Coalfield,China

The secondary biogenic gas is an important original type of the coalbed methane (CBM) in China. Based on the analyses of sedimentary and burial history of the Permian coal-bearing strata, combined with thermal history and gas generation process of coals, the CBM reservoir-forming dynamic system with mixed secondary biogenic and thermogenic gases in the Huainan Coalfield is subdivided into four evolutionary stages as follows: (i) shallowly-buried peat and early biogenic gas stage; (ii) deeply buried coal seams and thermogenic gas stage; (iii) exhumation of coal-bearing strata and adsorbed gas lost stage; and (iv) re-buried coal-bearing strata and secondary biogenic gas supplement stage. The Huainan CBM reservoir-forming model has the features of the basin-centered gas accumulation. The evolution of the reservoir-forming dynamic system proves that the thermogenic gas is not the main gas source for the Huainan CBM reservoir. Only the secondary biogenic gases as an additional source replenish into the coal bed after basin-uplift, erosional unroofing and subsequent scattering of thermogenic gases. Then this kind of mixed CBM reservoirs can be formed under suitable conditions.     

中煤阶煤层气井排采阶段划分及渗透率变化

煤层渗透率动态变化规律是煤层气开发所面临的重点问题之一。根据无因次产气率划分煤层气井排采阶段,结合等温吸附实验下煤层气的解吸过程确定排采阶段分界点位置。通过物质能量动态平衡理论建立中煤阶煤储层渗透率评价模型,从渗透率变化趋势、主导机制、产能动态等方面,阐释了中煤阶煤层气井不同排采阶段煤储层渗透率动态变化特征与控制机理。结果表明,排采过程中,煤储层绝对渗透率发生“先降低-后回返-再上升”的动态变化。排水阶段水相有效渗透率迅速下降,气相有效渗透率为0。储层压力降低至临界解吸压力后进入产气阶段,气相有效渗透率迅速增加,水相有效渗透率缓慢降低。产气量衰减阶段绝对渗透率开始下降,在滑脱效应影响下,气相有效渗透率仍然保持缓慢上升,水相有效渗透率降低。     

沁水盆地南部地区砂体与煤层空间叠置特征及其在煤层气和致密气合采开发中的意义

以沁水盆地南部煤层气和致密气共探合采研究区为例,详细解剖煤系地层砂体发育特征及其与煤层空间叠置关系,并探讨其对煤层气与致密气合采开发的影响。研究结果表明,煤系地层砂体成因类型丰富,砂体规模和形态特征各异。砂体结构特征主要受沉积相演化控制,形成五种主要空间叠置类型：孤立分散型、水平搭接型、垂向叠置型、错位叠置型和水平-错位复合叠置型。在沉积作用控制下,不同成因类型砂体与煤层可以形成多种空间叠置组合模式。砂体含气饱和度和压力及煤层含气量、物性和压力均受到两者空间叠置关系的显著影响。加强该方面研究,将对两气合采可行性评估及合采产气量预测具有重要意义。     

模拟煤层气储层条件下煤岩渗透性实验研究

储层煤岩特有的割理结构使其渗透性与常规砂岩储层不尽相同,本文以山西沁水盆地3#煤作为实验煤心,实验研究了围压、孔隙压力对煤岩渗透率的综合影响规律,并得到3#煤岩的裂缝体积压缩系数范围。研究表明,流体介质不同,储层煤岩渗透率在压降过程中变化趋势不同;储层煤岩裂缝体积压缩系数在整个煤层气开采过程中并非一恒定值。     

大宁—吉县地区5号煤层现今地应力预测及其对煤层气开发的影响

现今地应力场对煤储层渗透率具有极其重要的控制作用。我国鄂东大宁-吉县地区煤层气资源丰富,然而该区现今地应力研究程度较低,不利于该地区煤层气的高效开发。为查明大宁-吉县地区主采煤层现今地应力场特征,本次研究利用三维有限元数值模拟方法对下二叠统山西组5# 煤层现今地应力分布进行预测。结果表明,5# 煤层现今地应力表现为正断型应力机制。鄂东大宁-吉县5# 煤层最大水平主应力在15.4～21.6 MPa之间,最小水平主应力在9.8～14.4 MPa之间,构造变形的复杂性会对地应力分布产生影响。现今地应力控制压裂裂缝扩展,研究区现今地应力状态下的压裂裂缝沿着NNW-SSE方向垂直扩展。研究区5# 煤层应力差大部分小于6 MPa,具备形成复杂裂缝网络的地应力基础。煤层渗透率随有效地应力的增大呈指数减小,有效地应力越大,煤储层的渗透性越差。研究区东南部远离断层,又是应力降低区域,煤层气易在此地发生聚集,形成煤层气储藏的丰富区。研究成果可为研究区煤层气效益开发提供地质基础与科学指导。     

Influence of liquid water on coalbed methane adsorption:An experimental research on coal reservoirs in the south of Qinshui Basin

Using Isothermal Adsorption/Desorption System Model IS-100 and Electrohydraulic Servo Rock System Model MTS815 as the main apparatuses and collecting samples from the major coal reservoirs in the south of Qinshui Basin, a hot point region of coalbed methane exploration, the paper carries out systematical comparisons of the isothermal adsorption experimental data for injection water coal samples, equilibrium moisture samples and dry coal samples, probes and establishes an experimental method of injection water coal sample preparation and isothermal experiment to simulate real reservoir conditions, and then summaries the experimental regulations and discusses the mechanism of liquid water influencing coal methane adsorption. Results of the experiment indicate that: The Langmuir volume of injection water coal samples is notably larger than that of equilibrium moisture samples, as well as larger than or equivalent to that of dry coal samples; the Langmuir pressure of injection water coal samples is the highest, the next is equilibrium moisture samples, while the dry samples is the lowest, of which the experimental results of injection water samples to simulate real reservoir conditions are more close to the fact. Under the conditions of in-position reservoirs, liquid water in coals has evident influence on methane adsorption ability of coal matrix, which can increase the adsorbability of coal and make the adsorption regulation fit to Langmuir model better. Its major reason is the increase of wetting coal matrix adsorbability. The above experimental results overthrow the conventional cognition that liquid water has no influence on coalbed methane adsorption, which may lead to an improvement of the coalbed methane isothermal adsorption experimental method and of the reliability of coalbed methane resource evaluation and prediction.     

呼和湖凹陷煤层气地质条件及资源潜力分析

通过对呼和湖凹陷煤层样品开展低温氮吸附实验、等温吸附实验和现场含气量测试,结合煤岩煤质和煤层分布特征分析,研究了呼和湖凹陷煤层气地质条件及其资源潜力。研究表明,呼和湖凹陷主要煤层以褐煤为主,变质程度低,储层内微孔和小孔最为发育,具有较大的比表面积及吸附能力,煤层顶底板泥岩厚度较大,研究区水文地质条件简单,有利于煤层气的保存,呼和湖凹陷煤层气资源潜力总体较好。综合考虑煤层厚度、含气性、储层物性、盖层因素和水文地质条件,建立了呼和湖凹陷煤层气有利区评价标准,优选出3个煤层气有利目标区。     

大倾角储层煤层气多层合采产量控制地质与工程因素

针对大倾角储层煤层气多层合采的特点,以库拜煤田煤层气井的实际排采动态资料为基础,通过分析排采动态典型指标与地质要素和工程要素之间的关系,剖析了库拜煤田大倾角储层多层合采煤层气井产能的控制因素,并用灰色关联分析定量评价了各影响因素的重要性。结果表明：（1）大倾角储层煤层气合层排采产量与单井动用资源丰度、储层压力梯度、煤体结构、临界解吸压力、初始排水速度、压裂效果、初始见气时间具有较好的相关性,但与渗透率、吸附时间相关性较差。储层压力梯度和储层压力是影响该研究区产能的主控因素;（2）新疆库拜煤田大倾角储层靶点压力特征、含气量、渗透率基本处于同一水平,同埋深不同煤层物性非均质性较小,层间干扰作用小,较适合合层排采。论文研究成果可作为大倾角储层煤层气合层排采提供指导。     

变温条件下深部煤层瓦斯分布规律的数值模拟

深部煤层瓦斯运移过程及分布规律与温度场、瓦斯渗流场及应力场耦合密切相关.基于深部煤层瓦斯运移的热流固耦合模型,结合实际的煤层条件和实测数据,开展了煤层瓦斯赋存规律的数值模拟,研究了瓦斯压力和瓦斯含量分布规律的影响因素.结果表明:煤层渗透率是影响瓦斯压力分布的主要因素,其中煤体的有效应力系数、初始孔隙率、弹性模量以及吸附应变系数均对渗透率有着重要的影响;煤层瓦斯含量受瓦斯压力和煤层温度的共同影响,不考虑煤层温度预测得到的瓦斯含量结果偏大.