固定床有效导热系数的研究

采用稳态法和非稳态参数估值法测定了气体静止时固定床有效导热系数(以下简称固定床的有效导热系数),前者采用圆柱体导热模型,求得在某特定温度下固定床有效导热系数;后者根据固定床拟均相非稳态传热模型,获得了适用于宽温度范围的固定床有效导热系数与气体导热系数和固体导热系数之间的关联式。并将填充挤条型氧化铁系催化剂、催化剂载体Al2O3和玻璃珠的固定床的测定结果与前人推荐的固定床有效导热系数的多种计算方法进行比较。结果证明,对于气-固体系计算固定床的有效导热系数较为适宜的经验式为:λb0=λf×10(0.785-0.057lg(λs/λf))×lg(λs/λf)。该经验式在20～500℃对于高、中、低导热系数多种物系的固体颗粒床层均适用。     

接触模式对球床堆有效导热系数影响的数值分析

为了分析相邻颗粒的接触模式对有效导热系数的影响,数值分析了3种不同的接触模式下有序堆积球床堆的有效导热系数。首先采用间隙模型分析了不考虑接触导热下的球床堆有效导热系数,然后采用面接触和短圆柱模型分析了考虑接触导热下的球床堆有效导热系数,最后分析了不同温度下接触模式对球床堆有效导热系数的影响。计算结果表明,在不考虑接触导热时,间隙模型下的球床堆计算结果与ZS关联式吻合很好。当考虑接触导热时,由于受网格质量限制,面接触计算模型的接触半径较大,因此计算的球床堆有效导热系数与ZSK关联式的结果相比误差较大;采用短圆柱接触模式计算发现,接触半径越小,计算得到的结果与ZSK关联式的结果吻合越好,因此在网格生成质量允许的情况下,推荐使用较小接触半径的短圆柱接触计算模型。同时发现随着温度的升高,接触模式对球床堆有效导热系数的影响减弱。     

颗粒堆积床接触导热的数值分离和分析

为了分析不同固体-流体导热系数比下接触导热对有效导热系数的影响,提出了基于孔隙尺度的接触导热的数值分离方法,在不同固体-流体导热系数比(6～4 400)下对简单立方结构堆积床中的接触导热进行了数值分析。当忽略接触导热时,计算模型中相邻颗粒之间的接触点采用间隙处理;当考虑接触导热时,计算模型中相邻颗粒之间的接触点采用短圆柱连接处理,接触导热通过这两种模型计算结果的差值获得。研究发现,有效导热系数随温度变化的趋势受接触导热的影响显著。考虑接触导热并且固体-流体导热系数比很大时,固相导热起主导作用;忽略接触导热时,流体导热起主导作用。随着固体-流体导热系数比的增大,接触导热对有效导热系数的贡献显著增大;当固体-流体导热系数比大于150时,接触导热对有效导热系数的贡献起主导作用。     

功能晶体导热性能影响因素的理论分析与预测

应用微观导热理论，依据功能晶体导热系数实测数据，得到了功能晶体导热系数与平均原子密度和平均相对原子质量之间的关联式，并给出了Ⅲ－Ⅴ族化合物半导体和碳化物晶体关联式中的常数，为这类晶体导热系数的预测提供了一种依据和方法。     

甲醇-水、水-丙酸和甲醇-丙酸体系汽液平衡的热力学性质

用新型泵式沸点仪测定了在101.325kPa下甲醇-水、水-丙酸、甲醇-丙酸3个二元系在不同液相组成时的沸点,并用间接法Tpx推算了甲醇-水、水-丙酸、甲醇-丙酸3个二元系的汽相平衡组成y.3个二元体系活度系数的关联分别用W ilson模型、NRTL模型、Margules模型和VanLaar模型进行关联,用最小二乘法求出了它们的液相活度系数模型参数.同时,用这些模型参数来计算它们的汽相组成y.所得的液相活度系数来计算3个二元体系的过量吉布斯自由焓函数GE/RT,并且研究的所有体系之间不存在共沸点.计算的沸点温度与实验的所测得的沸点温度吻合良好,由面积积分法检验这些模型参数计算的3个二元体系相平衡数据得到很好的热力学一致性.     

四氢呋喃水合物热物性非原位测量方法

利用Hot Disk热常数分析仪对四氢呋喃(THF)水合物导热系数和热扩散系数进行了非原位测量。实验结果表明,温度在254. 0～267. 0 K时非原位测得的THF水合物导热系数为0. 52～0. 57 W·m~(-1)·K~(-1);且随着温度的增加而线性增大。非原位测量导热系数值与原位测量导热系数值绝对值相差0. 045～0. 065 W·m~(-1)·K~(-1),误差为8%～12%。当温度从267. 0 K升高到277. 0 K时,非原位测得的THF水合物的导热系数增加剧烈,表现出非线性关系。在254. 0～267. 0 K时,非原位测得的THF水合物的热扩散系为0. 26～0. 31 mm~2·s~(-1);并随温度增加而减小。非原位测量的热扩散系数值与原位测量的热扩散系数绝对值相差0. 028～0. 068 mm~2·s~(-1),误差为10%～22%。原位测量与非原位测量产生的误差,分析认为可能是样品的转移过程中,空气中的水蒸气在水合物表面凝结成冰所致。     

纵向导热对错流式微型换热器总包换热系数的影响

采用三维数值模拟获得错流式微型换热器温度分布、总包传热系数和传热单元数,给出了总包传热系数关联式,通过一维对流一导热耦合模型给出纵向导热影响系数K．K为流体质量流量、流体比定压热容、流体和间壁固体热导率及换热器结构尺寸的函数．用K和关联式求得的总包换热系数相乘的方法预测错流式微型多通道换热器的总包换热系数,与模拟结果吻合较好．     

巷道变温圈内温度分布及不稳定传热系数求解方法

巷道围岩变温圈趋于稳定时的外缘半径处温度变化率趋于零,可近似理解为"变温圈趋于稳定时,半径为R0处围岩环形面单位面积导热量趋于0";将此特点描述为变温圈内导热微分方程求解的第二类边界条件,避免了求解温度场分布时复杂的积分问题,降低了求解难度.通过分离变量法将巷道围岩内部导热微分方程转换成斯特姆—刘维尔解问题;引入特征函数与范数,利用傅里叶—贝塞尔级数展开式与贝塞尔函数积分性质,推导得出巷道围岩内部温度分布函数,求得围岩内部温度分布函数在壁面的温度梯度,得到巷道围岩不稳定传热系数的解析式.采用MATLAB软件的计算功能,对比分析了推导得出的巷道围岩不稳定传热系数解析式的可信度与计算精度,表明推导得出的围岩内部温度分布函数及不稳定传热系数解析式是正确的、可信的.     

丙酮—三氯甲烷二元混合体系导热系数的瞬时测定

用瞬时法测定了２０℃和４０℃两个温度点下５个丙酮—三氯甲烷二元混合体系的导热系数，并且用５个已知导热系数的标准物质标定了装置，平均相对误差小于１％，实现了用计算机自动完成数据采集和处理，建立了导热系数与浓度的关联式，该法快速，便捷，测量时间为１ｓ，是快速分析混合物组成的有效方法     

烟草导热系数与含水率的变化关系

推导出了烟草导热系数与湿基含水率的关系式，并用实验测定值检测了推算式的精度。对于烟叶堆积床，推算值与实验测定值的绝对平均偏差为1．75％，算术平均偏差为0．15％；对于烟丝堆积床，推算值与实验测度值的绝对平均偏差为2．36％，算术平均偏差为0．25％。其精度均满足工程需求。该关系式也可推广应用于其他含湿多孔介质导热系数的计算。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.