纳米CaCO3/聚丙烯的结晶熔融多峰行为研究

用差示扫描量热法(DSC)研究了纳米CaCO3/PP和改性纳米CaCO3/PP的非等温和等温结晶的多熔融行为。结果表明纳米CaCO3明显提高PP的结晶温度,诱导PP形成β晶。反应性单体改性纳米CaCO3/PP的结晶温度进一步提高,但对β晶熔融峰强影响不大。而在引发剂存在下反应性单体改性的纳米CaCO3/PP,促进β晶的熔融峰强明显增强。PP出现双熔融峰与PP形成β晶或者在等温结晶时形成两种不同形态有关。结晶温度提高,双峰移向高温;纳米CaCO3/PP的高温熔融峰高比低温熔融峰的高,但改性纳米CaCO3/PP在较高结晶温度时,高温熔融峰高反而比低温熔融峰的低。延长等温结晶时间对熔融峰温影响不大。     

丙烯酸原位界面改性Sb2O3/PP母粒的结晶与熔融行为

用双螺杆挤出机制备了SbO3／PP、十溴联苯醚(DBDPO)／PP母料和丙烯酸(AA)改性Sb203／PP母料，用DSC研究了SbO33、DBDPO对PP结晶与熔融行为的影响以及AA对Sb203／PP母料结晶与熔融行为的影响。SbO3对PP产生的异相成核作用比DBDPO的明显，使PP结晶和熔融温度提高更大，但DBDPO促进PP形成β晶。AA加入及其用量改变对SbO3／PP母粒中PP结晶与熔融行为影响不大，在DCP存在下AA改性母粒中PP结晶与熔融温度比无DCP的低。     

紫外光老化PP/纳米CaCO_3复合材料结晶与熔融行为研究

用DSC和WAXD研究了紫外光老化PP/纳米CaCO3(PP/CC)和相容剂改性PP/CC复合材料的结晶与熔融行为,结果表明随着紫外光老化时间增加,PP熔融温度逐渐降低,结晶度先增加后趋于稳定;PP结晶温度先提高后降低,PP/CC结晶温度降低,相容剂改性PP/CC降低更加明显。紫外光老化PP/CC结晶温度高于纯PP,表明CC对老化PP还具有异相成核作用。未光照的PP-g-MA和POE-g-MA改性PP/CC结晶温度高于未改性的,归结于相容剂与CC相互作用形成的钙盐的异相成核作用;但紫外光老化后PP结晶温度低于未改性PP/CC的,归结于钙盐受到紫外光的作用,失去对PP结晶的异相成核作用和诱导PP生成β晶的能力。     

负载型β-成核剂对PP结晶与熔融行为的影响

 采用纳米CaCO₃作为载体制备了负载型β-成核剂及其β-成核-PP,用DSC和XRD研究了载体纳米CaCO₃用量和负载型β-成核剂用 量对成核PP结晶与熔融行为和β-PP含量的影响,并与传统β-成核剂庚二酸钙（CaHA）成核PP比较。结果表明,负载型β-成核剂比β -成核剂CaHA成核PP具有高的结晶温度,负载型β-成核剂成核PP结晶温度随其用量增加而提高,但随载体用量增加而降低。负载型 β-晶成核剂β-成核作用高于CaHA成核剂,β-PP含量达90％以上;且负载型β-晶成核剂成核PP的β-PP含量受成核剂用量和成核剂中载 体用量影响不大。     

PP/苯乙烯系聚合物共混物中的β-成核剂作用的研究*

 该文采用负载型β-成核剂成核PP分别与PS、AS、ABS共混制备了β-PP共混物。用DSC和WAXD研究了苯乙烯系聚合物对β-成核PP中的β-成核作用的影响和β-PP共混物的结晶行为、结晶形态、熔融特性和β-晶含量。观察到随着苯乙烯系聚合物用量增加,β-成核PP的结晶温度稍有降低,尤其ABS。苯乙烯系聚合物加入不影响β-成核PP的熔融特性,呈现三个熔融峰。β-成核PP共混物的β-晶含量随着苯乙烯系聚合物用量增加而降低,但可得到β-晶含量高于80%以上β-PP共混物。     

聚（ε-己内酯）／纳米CaCO3复合材料结构与性能的研究

用熔融共混法制备了聚己内酯(PCL)／纳米CaCO3复合材料，考察了纳米CaCO3对PCL结晶性能和CaCO3含量对PCL／CaCO3复合材料力学及形状记忆性能的影响。DSC结果显示纳米CaCO3对PCL的成核结晶有一定的促进作用，辐照交联使PCL的结晶熔融温度和开始结晶温度提高5℃以上；DMA结果显示复合材料的模量随纳米CaCO3含量增加而增大，但高于40％后基本无变化。纳米CaCO3含量在5％～15％范围内能明显提高PCL的拉伸强度、弯曲强度和杨氏模量；辐照交联也起到增强各组分复合材料力学性能的作用，其变化的规律与交联前一致。复合材料经辐照交联后具有形状记忆特性，随着纳米CaCO3含量的增加，形变后的材料在熔融温度下开始回复所需时间缩短，回复速率加快，所有组成的样品在所测试的实验条件下最终回复率达97％以上。扫描电子显微镜观察表明纳米CaCO3粒子在PCL基质中无明显团聚现象。     

纳米CaCO3改性聚丙烯力学性能和微观结构的研究

通过混合、熔融挤出,把纳米CaCO3填充到聚丙烯PP基体中去,制得高强度低成本的PP改性复合材料。对该复合材料进行了力学性能测试和微观结构的观察,并对纳米CaCO3改性PP的增韧机理进行了讨论。实验结果表明,纳米CaCO3填充PP用量在12份时,对PP复合材料有明显的增韧增强作用,而且可有效地降低原料成本18%～25%。     

聚(ε-己内酯)/纳米CaCO3复合材料结晶及力学性能研究

用熔融共混法制备了聚己内酯(PCL)/纳米CaCO3复合材料,考察了纳米CaCO3对PCL结晶性能和纳米CaCO3含量对PCL/纳米CaCO3复合材料力学及形状记忆性能的影响。DSC结果显示纳米CaCO3对PCL的成核结晶有一定促进作用,辐照交联使PCL的结晶熔融温度和开始结晶温度分别提高3~5℃和2~5℃;DMA结果显示复合材料的模量随纳米CaCO3含量增加而增大,但高于40%后基本无变化。纳米CaCO3含量在5%~15%范围内能明显提高PCL的拉伸强度、弯曲强度和杨氏模量;辐照交联也起到增强各组分复合材料力学性能的作用,其变化的规律与交联前一致。复合材料经辐照交联后具有形状记忆特性,随着纳米CaCO3含量的增加,形变后的材料在熔融温度下开始回复所需时间缩短,回复速率加快,所有组成的样品在所测试的实验条件下最终回复率达97%以上。扫描电子显微镜观察表明纳米CaCO3粒子在PCL基质中无明显团聚现象。     

纳米CaCO3/β-聚丙烯/短切涤纶纤维三元复合材料的结晶行为

通过挤出共混制备纳米碳酸钙/β-成核聚丙烯/短切涤纶纤维复合材料,用马来酸酐接枝聚丙烯(PP-g-MA)改善相容性.研究了材料中PP的结晶和熔融行为,用修正Jeziorny法、Ozawa法及莫志深法处理了PP的非等温结晶行为.结果表明涤纶纤维和CaCO3能够促进PP的结晶和诱导形成β晶.加入β-成核剂后可得较高β晶含量的复合材料,相容剂对β-成核剂的协同作用使得β晶含量进一步增加.莫志深法能够很好地描叙复合材料中PP的非等温结晶动力学过程,而Jeziorny法和Ozawa法分析的效果不理想.     

磷酸盐与山梨醇类成核剂成核PP样品等温结晶行为与熔融特性

用差动扫描量热计（DSC）研究了一种有机磷酸盐类成核剂（A）、山梨醇类成核剂（D）成核PP和纯PP的等温结晶行为和熔融特性。结果表明成核样品缩短PP的半结晶时间，成核型A比D更明显；纯PP样品的半结晶时间正比于结晶温度，而成核PP的半结晶时间与结晶温度的关系在结晶温度低时，依赖性较纯PP的小，而在高结晶温度，半结晶时间对结晶温度的依赖性比较PP的大。成核剂的加入使PP结晶完善性提高，且熔融峰发生改变，熔融峰高温区出现一肩峰；而纯PP在低温区有一很宽的肩峰。根据半结晶时间，2种成核剂的成核效果为A＞D，与非等温结晶的结果一致。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.