相邻交叉口短车道长度与配时参数协同优化

针对相邻交叉口在共有连线上均渠化左转短车道的现况,研究其时空资源的最优配置.通过分析短车道对进口道饱和流率的影响,建立以交叉口通行能力最大化与车均延误最小化为目标函数、以短车道长度和相位有效绿灯时间为决策变量的多目标优化模型.以大连市两相邻交叉口为例,通过Matlab软件对优化模型进行编程求解,进而利用VISSIM软件对现有方案和优化方案分别进行仿真试验.结果显示,优化方案虽然使每个交叉口通行能力减小,但是也使每个交叉口车均延误、饱和度和平均排队长度减少.此外,优化方案使每个交叉口通行能力与车均延误之比增大,使单位时间内通过两个交叉口的总车辆数增加.研究成果表明,交通组织与信号控制的协同优化设计可以实现交叉口群的时空资源的最优配置.     

过饱和信号交叉口的多目标控制模型

过饱和条件下信号交叉口优化控制往往是采用可以接受的最大信号周期,忽略了其他性能指标,并非真正意义上的最优。本文以典型的十字交叉口、四相位信号控制为例,根据车辆初始排队长度、车辆实时到达率和离开率,通过对各进口道的延误、通行能力及排队长度分析,建立了过饱和条件下以平均车辆延误最小、通行能力最大、平均车辆排队长度最小为目标函数的多目标信号优化控制模型。该模型以实时交通流的到达情况为依据进行实时优化,不仅考虑了交叉口的交通效率,还考虑了其效益指标,为研究过饱和条件下交叉口的多目标分析提供了有用信息。     

过饱和信号交叉口的多目标控制模型

过饱和条件下信号交叉口优化控制往往是采用可以接受的最大信号周期,忽略了其他性能指标,并非真正意义上的最优.以典型的十字交叉口、四相位信号控制为例,根据车辆初始排队长度、车辆实时到达率和离开率,通过对各进口道的延误、通行能力及排队长度分析,建立了过饱和条件下以平均车辆延误最小、通行能力最大、平均车辆排队长度最小为目标函数的多目标信号优化控制模型.该模型以实时交通流的到达情况为依据进行实时优化,不仅考虑了交叉口的交通效率,还考虑了其效益指标,为研究过饱和条件下交叉口的多目标分析提供了有用信息.     

基于车均延误的快速公交停靠站布设位置

为了提高快速公交(BRT)系统的运行效率,对BRT停靠站在交叉口的布设位置进行了研究.针对BRT停靠站设置在交叉口进口道和出口道两种情况,分别建立了车均延误模型(该延误包括信号控制延误、停靠站上下客时间以及车辆在停靠站等候服务的延误)和绿灯末排队长度模型,并通过仿真验证了模型的准确性.一系列算例分析表明,车流量较小时,停靠站设置在进口道和出口道就延误而言没有区别,但当车流量较大时,应将停靠站设置在交叉口进口道.     

城市交通控制与诱导协同的双层规划模型

为了均衡城市交通流的时空分布,以定时控制与战略诱导协同为研究对象,提出了一种城市交通控制与诱导协同模型.首先,建立了双层规划模型,上层模型以交叉口车均延误最小为目标,嵌入不同相位模式的定义约束,以实现信号控制优化;下层模型为用户均衡模型,引入虚拟路段表示交叉口延误对交通流分配的影响.然后,提出了一种启发式迭代优化算法对双层规划模型进行求解,其中,上层模型应用遗传算法求解,下层模型应用迭代加权法求解.算例研究结果表明:该协同模型减少了路网中的总旅行时间,解决了交叉口车均延误时间较多的问题,可实现城市交通流的时空均衡分布.     

考虑绿波控制的双相位移位左转交叉口效用分析

针对移位左转交叉口的交通冲突问题,提出了一种移位左转交叉口渠化模型.综合分析路段交叉口预信号与主交叉口信号之间的复杂关系,基于绿波控制理论,以车均延误最小为目标函数,构建了基于绿波控制的移位左转交叉口信号控制优化模型,利用Lingo软件进行求解.基于VISSIM仿真,分别从交叉口饱和度、左转交通量、直行交通量3个方面对该方案的适用性进行分析,同时利用武汉市中山路与民主路交叉口的数据验证该方案的效果.研究结果表明:当交叉口饱和度大于0.8时,该方案的改善效果显著;优化后的移位左转交叉口总车均延误和左转车均延误较优化前下降了7.6％和48.2％,验证了优化方案的有效性;当左转交通量占交叉口总交通量比重较大时,采用优化后的信号控制方案,交叉口总车均延误的降低效果更加显著.     

借BRT车道掉头的交叉口渠化与信号控制优化

针对城市快速公交(BRT)时空优先权引发的交叉口拥堵问题,以太原市平阳路与学府街交叉口为例,通过交通调查分析交叉口存在的问题,运用"借BRT车道掉头"的方法对该交叉口的渠化和信号控制方案重新设计,用Vissim交通仿真软件对原方案和设计方案进行对比分析。得出优化后北进口道左转车辆的车均延误与车均停车时间分别下降了15.2 s、13.2 s,掉头车辆的车均延误与车均停车时间分别下降了9.6 s、10.8 s,左转与掉头的平均排队长度降低42%.结果表明:文章所给"借道掉头"设计方法能缓解BRT与其他车辆在平交口的冲突,提高交叉口通行效率。     

关键交叉口与双周期交叉口间路段上的车辆排队模式及测算方法

为了描述周期时长不相等的协调信号交叉口间路段上车辆排队的集结与消散现象,以关键交叉口周期时长为双周期交叉口周期时长的2倍为例,基于冲击波理论,针对两个相邻交叉口之间路段上的上、下行车流分别描述了车辆排队的各种模式并建立了车辆排队长度模型。为了验证模型的有效性,利用VISSIM交通仿真软件设计了模拟实验方案。考虑不同条件下信号红时差与交通流率的多种组合,通过仿真实验共得到35组数据,每组数据均获得84个有效数据点。结果显示,上、下行方向的车辆排队消散长度的计算值与模拟值的相对误差小于10%的周期分别占75.56%和95.00%;交叉口信号周期越长,其排队消散长度的平均值和最大值也相应地越长。研究结果表明,该模型可以用来估算周期时长不相等的协调信号交叉口间路段上车辆的排队长度,从而为交通控制方案的优化与调整提供理论依据。     

基于排队最远点约束的最大周期时长优化方法

为充分考虑排队最远点对上游节点的影响,尽量避免短连线路段发生排队溢流现象,利用交通波理论分析了进口道排队长度的演化规律,推导了饱和状态持续时段内排队最远点相对停车线位置距离的计算方法,并以交叉口关键相位关键车道排队最远点最近为优化目标,建立了一种最大周期时长的优化模型.然后,设计了8种不同交通需求的测试环境,运用文中方法和现有方法分别计算了最大周期的最优值,根据等饱和度原则确定了两种方法下的信号配时方案,并利用VISSIM仿真获取了不同测试环境下两种方法的运行效率指标.结果表明:8种测试环境中,相对于现有方法,文中方法下关键相位关键车道的平均排队长度、排队最远点相对停车线位置的距离和车均停车次数分别降低了10.67%、11.36%和11.01%,上下游交叉口总的车均延误和停车次数分别降低了3.86%和3.81%,通过车辆数和平均车速分别提高了1.19%和3.58%.     

基于熵值法的左转可逆交叉口配时优化方法

为提升左转可逆车道交叉口通行效率,提出一种基于熵值法的左转可逆车道交叉口配时优化模型。从交叉口道路条件和相位条件两方面对左转可逆车道设置进行分析,以交叉口通行能力和车均延误为优化目标,调整交叉口信号配时方案,运用熵值法构建设置可逆车道交叉口配时优化模型选取最优解。以青岛市典型交叉口为例,用该优化模型对交叉口设置左转可逆车道后的配时方案进行优化设计,并与现状配时方案和未优化配时方案进行对比。结果表明,早、晚高峰交叉口通行能力分别提高了3.2%和19.4%,车均延误分别降低17.6%和14.7%,优化方案有效提高了交叉口通行效率。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-