UASB反应器处理垃圾渗滤液的启动研究

垃圾渗滤液为难处理的高浓度有机废水,上流式厌氧污泥床(UASB)工艺被证明是处理该类废水的有效手段。为此,以一系列不同渗滤液浓度的模拟废水作为进水,对逐步启动UASB反应器进行了动态小试,得出了UASB工艺处理垃圾渗滤液的较快速启动方法。结果显示:接种普通厌氧污泥,逐步增加反应器负荷,经过95 d的运行,完成启动。此时进水COD质量浓度为5 250 mg/L,COD去除率为85%,容积COD负荷达8.4 kg/(m3.d),容积产气率为5.0 m3/(m3.d),反应器底部形成少量颗粒污泥。     

内循环UASB处理高浓度丙烯酸废水

研究升流式厌氧污泥床(UASB)工艺处理高浓度丙烯酸废水的可行性.试验过程中在pH、温度正常稳定基础上,以不同方式提高反应器的容积负荷,直至最大值.结果表明:UASB反应器处理高浓度丙烯酸能承受的最大负荷为13.1～13.5 kg/(m3·d).在容积负荷13.1 kg/(m3·d)、进水化学需氧量(COD)为15.234g/L下反应器可稳定运行,对COD的去除效果良好,挥发性脂肪酸(VFA)为3.5 mmol/L,出水COD为0.614 mg/L,COD去除率达87.9%.     

厌氧反应器处理涤纶聚酯废水的动力学模型与应用

采用厌氧反应器(UASB)处理涤纶聚酯废水,在UASB反应器流态分布模型的基础上,假设UASB反应器分为下部完全混合的厌氧污泥床系统,中部完全混合的污泥悬浮层系统和上部推流式三相分离区系统,在运行中的COD降解规律符合Monod方程,推导出UASB反应器的动力学方程式.试验结果证明,UASB反应器内存在明显的颗粒污泥区和污泥悬浮区,稳定运行COD的容积负荷可达6～9.5 kg/m3,COD去除率75%～80%左右,并具有启动速度快,颗粒污泥容易形成,耐冲击性负荷强等特点.图1,参9.     

UASB处理极低浓度生活污水研究

文中研究了极低浓度下UASB反应器处理生活污水的可行性 .在停留时间tHR为 5 .33h时 ,反应器的CODcr去除率为 5 7.2 1% ,BOD5去除率为 6 9.32 % ,产气率为0 .0 87m3·m- 3·d- 1;出水中悬浮物 (SS)和挥发性脂肪酸 (VFA)很小 ;反应器内已形成一定数量的颗粒污泥 ,有w =38.9%的污泥粒径大于 0 .2 2mm ,污泥沉降性能良好 ,污泥指数 (ISV)为 2 6 .5mL·g- 1.反应器对冲击负荷有一定抵抗能力 ,短时间的浓度冲击和 pH值降低均不会对反应器产生危害 .     

气浮浓缩污泥两相厌氧消化

研究了高温酸化 (5 5℃ )、中温甲烷化 (35℃ )两相和中温单相厌氧工艺处理气浮浓缩污泥的性能 .研究结果表明 ,对于较高浓度的气浮浓缩污泥在水力停留时间 (tHR)大于 1 0d ,挥发性固体 (VS)的有机负荷小于 3.77kg·m-3 ·d-1的条件下 ,两相厌氧消化系统去除率可超过 40 % .当tHR降至 7d ,有机负荷升至 5 .38kg·m-3 ·d-1时 ,VS去除率仍可达 35 % .在tHR为 1 0d ,有机负荷为 3.77kg·m-3 ·d-1的条件下 ,两相厌氧消化系统VS去除率要优于单相系统 ,但两相系统的甲烷化罐出现较高浓度的有机酸积累 ,其结果表明对于两相厌氧消化系统 ,不仅要强化产酸罐的水解和发酵的速率和效率 ,而且要避免酸化罐形成的有机酸对甲烷化罐的负影响 ,否则会导致两相系统比单相系统更差的处理性能 ,甚至运行的失败     

UASB反应器处理低温低浓度生活污水试验研究(英文)

考察了厌氧处理低温((15±1)℃)低浓度(COD400～600mg·L-1)模拟生活污水试验规模UASB反应器的工作状况及污泥特性。以厌氧消化污泥作为接种物,以葡萄糖为有机碳源的模拟生活污水作为试验用水,采用有机玻璃制成的UASB反应器,有效容积为2.0L,试验历时174个运行日。反应器最高容积负荷达到3.0kg·m-3d-1,COD去除率为30%～50%。在试验运行过程中,反应器内的污泥实现了颗粒化,且沉降性能稳定良好。扫描电镜照片显示,污泥中丝状菌和杆状菌是颗粒污泥中微生物组成的优势种群。     

高温厌氧颗粒污泥膨胀床中颗粒污泥的性质分析

考察了高温(55℃)条件下厌氧颗粒污泥膨胀床处理木薯酒精废水的运行特性和颗粒污泥的性质.结果表明,当进水有机负荷(OLR)在15.0 kg.m-3.d-1时,化学需氧量(COD)平均去除率为86.7%,平均产气量为15.1L.d-1.OLR最高可达24.0kg.m-3.d-1,COD平均去除率为88.5%,平均产气量为39.9L.d-1.颗粒污泥的颗粒化率随着运行时间的延长逐渐增加,运行至260d,直径大于2.00mm的颗粒污泥约占32%.颗粒污泥的有机组分主要是碳、氢和氮,无机组分主要是硅、磷、钙和铁.颗粒污泥表面的微生物以丝状菌为主,污泥内核组成可能主要为磷酸钙或碳酸钙等无机质.     

外循环UASB处理太湖富藻水运行特性研究

针对太湖富藻水高有机物浓度特点,研究外循环升流式厌氧污泥床(UASB)反应器处理太湖富藻水的效能和运行效果.研究表明,以城市污水处理厂活性污泥为种泥,自然腐熟5～7 d左右的太湖富藻水为原水,进水COD为1 050～2 000 mg/L,水力停留时间(HRT)为5d,(32士1)℃温度等条件下,可以在32 d内成功启动外循环UASB反应器并达到初步稳定运行.通过降低HRT,分阶段提高COD质量浓度的方法,逐步将外循环UASB处理太湖富藻水的有机负荷提高到3 kg COD/(m3·d),其COD去除率可以稳定在75％左右,产气率为0.75 L/(L·d),外循环UASB对太湖富藻水具有良好的处理效果.通过电镜观测,发现稳定运行期形成颗粒污泥,且污泥内生物相丰富,分别为丝状菌、杆状菌和球状菌等多种微生物共营生长.     

上流式厌氧污泥床处理造纸工业废水的研究

用上流式厌氧污泥床(UASB)处理二次纤维造纸废水,废水COD浓度达到1100mg/L,UASB水力停留时间4.43h,容积负荷COD约6.0kg/(m3·d)。观察了UASB系统启动和运行情况,通过对水温、出水挥发性有机酸(VFA)浓度、出水碱度等指标的监测,及时调整UASB反应器的运行负荷,补充N、P及微量元素,使系统保持了较高的处理效率,UASB稳定运行时可去除90%以上的COD,50%以上的总硬度,以及80%以上的硫酸根离子。经分析温度与UASB产气速率关系密切,并确定了甲烷化速率与温度的关系式。     

连续投加微生物絮凝剂促进厌氧污泥的颗粒化

将升流式厌氧污泥床(UASB)反应器在(35±1)℃下运行102天处理低浓度废水,研究微生物絮凝剂对厌氧污泥颗粒化的影响.结果表明:投加微生物絮凝剂或阳离子PAM(聚丙烯酰胺)对厌氧污泥颗粒化具有促进作用;连续投加微生物絮凝剂的反应器1(R1)运行43天后,容积负荷达3.8 g/(L.d)(以单位容积反应器每天的化学需氧量负荷计),而投加阳离子PAM的反应器2(R2)和对照反应器3(R3)达到同样的容积负荷分别需要44和98天;R1中的颗粒污泥在沉降性能和产甲烷活性方面优于R2中的颗粒污泥;实验结束时,R1,R2和R3的COD去除率分别为94.5%,91.7%和84.0%.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-