四苯硼钠、四丁基溴化铵和溴化钠在二肽-水混合溶剂中的电导性质

采用电导法测定了298.15 K时四苯硼钠(NaBPh4)、四丁基溴化铵(NBu4 Br)和溴化钠(NaBr)在二肽-水混合溶剂中的电导率,进而计算得到了3种电解质在这些体系中的极限摩尔电导率及其组成离子的极限摩尔电导率、归一化walden值R和Stokes半径.结果表明,3种电解质在二肽一水混合溶剂中的极限摩尔电导率随二肽-水溶液中肽浓度的增加而减小,这是由混合溶剂微观黏度的增加和电解质被肽优先溶剂化引起的.在结构性强的肽水溶液中,结构破坏性离子Na+和Br-比结构促进性离子BPh-4和NBu4+有较大的R值,且Na+和Br-的stokes半径随肽浓度的增加而增大的幅度较小,说明在二肽-水混合溶剂中,BP4-和NB4+被溶剂化的程度更大,离子在溶剂中的行为主要受溶剂结构因素的影响.     

溶液当量电导与浓度的关系及其应用

根据实验和大量资料数据提出了强电解质溶液的当量电导与浓度在大范围内成直线的新关系式：当量电导与浓度平方根作图不是一条曲率随浓度降低而降低的曲线，所以文献中求得的极限当量电导和离子电导是偏低的．由于当量电导与浓度立方根大范围内成直线，因此本式有很大的理论和实际价值：求电解质任一浓度时的电导率，计算电离度和各种依数性质，并将冰点降低的理论计算值和实验值进行了比较．从实用的正确性反过来也证明了本式的正确性和广泛的实用性．当量电导与浓度立方根关系式中的Ｅ是一个与电解质本性有关的常数．本文求得了１００多种电解质Ｅ的实验值．     

Determination of the Constant at 298.15 K Vanadyl Sulfate Ion-Pair Dissociation Using Electric Conductivity

为优化钒电池电解液配比和设置合理的充放电制度,需弄清自由钒离子活度和离子对的解离常数及其热力学性质.研究了电导法测定在298.15 K时水溶液中VOSO4.3.53H2O（s）的电导率,利用Origin数据拟合求出极限摩尔电导;采用改进的Ostwald稀释定律和改进的Davies方程求解活度系数,进而求得溶液的真实离子强度;采用Fuoss方法求解硫酸氧钒离子对的解离常数.经过数据处理得到298.15 K时硫酸氧钒极限摩尔电导率Λ0为203.2520325 S.dm2.mol-1,硫酸氧钒离子对的解离常数Kd为0.001 961 62,为电池性能有关的热力学性质提供了基础数据.     

电导法测定298.15K时硫酸氧钒离子对解离常数

为优化钒电池电解液配比和设置合理的充放电制度,需弄清自由钒离子活度和离子对的解离常数及其热力学性质.研究了电导法测定在298.15 K时水溶液中VOSO4.3.53H2O(s)的电导率,利用Origin数据拟合求出极限摩尔电导;采用改进的Ostwald稀释定律和改进的Davies方程求解活度系数,进而求得溶液的真实离子强度;采用Fuoss方法求解硫酸氧钒离子对的解离常数.经过数据处理得到298.15 K时硫酸氧钒极限摩尔电导率Λ0为203.2520325 S.dm2.mol-1,硫酸氧钒离子对的解离常数Kd为0.001 961 62,为电池性能有关的热力学性质提供了基础数据.     

离子液体[C_nmim]Br(n=4,6,8,10,12)在水中的离子缔合行为

电导是电解质溶液的重要传输性质之一,也是电化学性能的一个重要的指标.电导的测量是研究溶液中离子溶剂化、离子缔合、电解质溶液的结构等最有效的方法之一.     

电导法快速测定水中溶解性总固体

溶解性总固体是水中无机矿物成份的总量,是水中化学成份测定的重要指标,也是矿泉水标准的重要评价项目。通常测定溶解性总固体采用重量法。重量法比较直观,但操作复杂、费时,而当水中含有大量钙盐、镁盐时易潮解,称重时不易恒重。电导率是衡量溶液中电解质多少的一项指标,纯水的电导率只有5×10－8s/cm。当水中含盐量增高时,使电导率增加。对于含有小于20％溶质的溶液,其电导率是随浓度而线性地增加。本文就是根据此原理采用电导法间接推测水中离子的总浓度,即溶解性总固体含量。1实验方法1．互仪器DST－A型数字式电导车仪。1．2…     

1—1型电解质溶液电导公式的新探讨

提出了一种新的电解质溶液电导关联式，并从理论和实践上对１－１价型电解质溶液进行了考证，结果表明，该电导关联式在较大浓度范围内能较真产地反映出电解质溶液的电导变化规律。     

1－1型电解质溶液电导公式的新探讨

提出了一种新的电解质溶液电导关联式，并从理论和实践上对１－１价型电解质溶液进行了考证．结果表明，该电导关联式在较大浓度范围内能较真实地反映出电解质溶液的电导变化规律．     

电导法研究固体自溶液中的吸附

用电导测定法研究固体自溶液中吸附电解质吸附质的可能性,发现在室温下,有机酸的pka≤2.0时,其水溶液的电导率与浓度在一定范围内具有良好的线性关系。研究了活性炭自溶液中对乙二酸的吸附,从饱和吸附量所计算出的活性炭的比表面S值与文献值相等。     

固体电解质的离子能带模型

在Rice和Roth的自由离子模型和Flynn的离子极化子模型的基础上,根据骨架离子周期势场中薛定谔方程的布洛赫解,提出与半导体的能带模型相类似的离子能带模型,来解释离子晶体与固体电解质的区别,固体电解质的相变,本征快离子导体和缺陷型快离子导体的区别,电子—离子混合导体中离子电导与电子电导的关系以及同一种组成的快离子导体在晶态和非晶态电学性质的差别。强电解质溶液的理论可以从离子能带模型进行解释,并可从这种解释出发,寻找合适的定向偶极子来提高室温下的离子晶体的电导率。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-