基于DSVM异步电动机直接转矩控制系统

针对传统的直接转矩控制系统采用纯积分的电压模型作为磁链观测器,存在着误差积累以及直流偏移,导致电流和转矩的波动问题,提出了一种改进的磁链观测器,该观测器由两个模型组成,开环电流模型用于低速范围内观测磁链,自适应电压模型用于全速范围内观测磁链．对电压模型观测的定子磁链引入一个反馈量,用PI调节器进行误差校正,大大提高了观测的精度．并采用离散空间矢量调制(DSVM)的方法,提高异步电机的直接转矩控制动态性能．在保留传统直接转矩控制(DTC)动态性能的情况下,提高了电机的低速转矩,并减小了转矩脉动和电磁噪声,仿真和试验结果验证了该策略的可行性．     

基于定子电阻观测器的永磁同步电动机滑模变结构直接转矩控制研究

传统的永磁同步电动机直接转矩控制系统存在着转矩和磁链脉动大、低速运行时难以精确控制以及因转矩脉动引起的高频噪声等问题.为解决这些问题,通过定子电阻观测器,利用定子电流与参考定子电流之差来跟踪定子电阻的变化,实现定子电阻的实时估算;用转矩和磁链滑模变结构控制器来替代传统直接转矩控制中的滞环控制器.仿真结果表明,基于定子电阻观测器的永磁同步电动机滑模变结构直接转矩控制系统具有较小的转矩、磁链脉动和快速的动态响应性能.     

定子磁链全阶观测器增益矩阵的确定方法

为了提高异步电机定子磁链观测精度,减小观测误差受其运行过程中温度、频率和磁路等因素的影响,使用定子磁链全阶观测器观测定子磁链.利用静止坐标系下的异步电机数学模型,分析当电机参数改变时,高速运行状态下定子磁链观测器u-i模型和低速运行状态下i-n模型的观测误差变化情况,然后给出定子磁链全阶观测器增益矩阵的确定方法.在Matlab/Simulink仿真环境下,进行了仿真验证.研究结果表明:定子磁链观测精度主要是随着电机在运行过程中转速和转矩的变化而变化;采用此方法在保证观测器稳定的前提下,依据不同的转速区间,选择合适的观测器极点配置,可以提高异步电机全速运行状态下定子磁链的观测精度;采用此方法有效地提高了全速范围内定子磁链的观测精度,并且实现简单.     

基于自抗扰控制技术的高压大功率异步电机直接转矩控制系统

针对异步电机的非线性特点,设计一种新颖的级联型多电平逆变器供电的高压大功率异步电机直接转矩控制系统.在定子坐标系内对定子磁链与电机转矩进行闭环控制得到定子磁链增量,包括定子磁链的幅值增量和相位增量.由定子磁链增量计算异步电机定子电压矢量,定子磁链和电机转矩采用自适应观测器估计.采用自抗扰控制技术设计速度、转矩和定子磁链控制器,这些控制器具有鲁棒性强的特点.研究结果表明:通过速度控制器对负载扰动进行估计和补偿,消除了负载扰动可能带来的稳态跟踪误差;逆变器的开关信号利用载波移相脉宽调制方法生成,从而减少了转矩和定子磁链幅值的脉动;系统具有良好的动态和稳态性能.     

无速度传感器直接转矩控制系统仿真研究

针对异步电机无速度传感器直接转矩控制中由于磁链观测误差导致电机低速性能不好的问题，采用闭环磁链状态观测器观测定转子磁链。在此基础上分别对自适应转速辨识法和直接计算转速辨识法进行了仿真研究，并比较了两种方法的优缺点，为实践应用提供了一定的参考。     

永磁同步电机直接转矩控制系统

针对永磁同步电机直接转矩控制系统,首先阐述了直接转矩控制原理,它是在维持定子磁链幅值恒定的前提下,通过电压空间矢量来调节定子磁链的旋转速度,从而控制转矩和转速.其次,在此理论基础上,简单地建立了系统的模型,说明了它的工作过程以及与异步电机直接转矩控制系统的不同.最后用SIMULINK仿真软件对其进行了建模和仿真,仿真结果表明了直接转矩控制应用于永磁同步电机的正确性和可行性,永磁同步电机直接转矩控制系统具有良好的稳态跟踪性能和优异的动态响应.     

一种感应电机直接转矩控制磁链观测的改进方法

根据感应电机直接转矩控制的特点,对低速下磁链观测误差产生的原因进行了分析,给出了一种磁链观测的改进方法———低通滤波器补偿法.这种方法在采用低通滤波器代替纯积分环节的基础上,根据定子磁链的实际值与估计值之间的关系,推导出估计磁链的补偿公式,给出了原理框图,并对观测结果进行了仿真比较.仿真结果表明,采用低通滤波器补偿法,直接转矩控制系统的低速性能有十分明显的提高,证实了该方法的有效性.     

一种感应电机直接转矩控制

根据感应电机直接转矩控制的特点,对低速下磁链观测误差产生的原因进行了分析,给出了一种磁链观测的改进方法--低通滤波器补偿法.这种方法在采用低通滤波器代替纯积分环节的基础上,根据定子磁链的实际值与估计值之间的关系,推导出估计磁链的补偿公式,给出了原理框图,并对观测结果进行了仿真比较.仿真结果表明,采用低通滤波器补偿法,直接转矩控制系统的低速性能有十分明显的提高,证实了该方法的有效性.     

基于自适应补偿低通滤波器的直接转矩控制系统的研究

传统的异步电动机直接转矩控制在低速段由于纯积分环节中定子电阻的影响对磁链的观测不稳定,将造成磁链和转矩脉动过大,限制了实用范围.针对这一不足,本文引进新的磁链观测方法,即带自适应补偿低通滤波器模型,对其进行仿真实验.结果表明,该模型能够较好地改善磁链轨迹,转矩、电流脉动均得到有效控制,能够保证系统的控制品质,具有工程实用价值.     

无PI/P调节器的异步电机间接转矩自控制算法

异步电机间接转矩自控制(ISC)中转矩比例积分(PI)调节器和磁链比例(P)调节器的存在降低了系统的可移植性.该文根据同步旋转坐标系下异步电机数学模型和磁链、转矩变化规律,提出了一种直接根据转矩和磁链误差计算磁链幅值增量、磁链相位暂态增量的新颖ISC算法.磁链相位的稳态增量可以根据转矩、转子磁链和电机转速得到.算法中对转矩误差信号进行了滑动平均数字滤波,实现了稳态时给定空间电压矢量的连续调节.该算法计算过程不涉及旋转变换,简单方便,而且不使用PI/P调节器,便于移植,同时保持了传统直接转矩控制动态响应迅速的优点.仿真和实验结果表明该算法具有良好的转矩和电流控制性能.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.