NH3-TPD法表征RE2O3/HY的酸性

The acidity of RE₂O₃/HY was characterized by NH₃-TPD.The experimental results show that HY zeolite has a strong acidity. After RE₂O₃ mixed with HY zeolite in a special method, the interaction between RE₂O₃ and HY restrains strong acid sites. With the increase of amount of supported species, the acid site neutralizated increases. The neutralizating action isn，t end until the amount of supported species reach 30%.     

固体超强酸SO2－4／ZrO2形成机理的研究

The formation of SO^2－₄／ZrO₂ solid superacid is studied with FT-IR、XRD and SEM techniques．Subtractive FT-IR measurement indicates the existence of chemical bonds between ZrO₂  and H₂SO₄,XRD determination reveals that the strength of SO^2－₄／ZrO₂ superacid strongly depends on temperature of calcination and reaches a maximum as the ZrO₂ transforms into tetragonal crystal phase.SEM analysis shows that the morphology of ZrO₂ surface is changed due to treatment of H₂SO₄.This catalyst shows higher esterification activity for synthesis of dibutyl moleate which is excellently related with the results of surface analysis.     

Fabrication of MgB2 superconducting films by different methods

MgB₂ superconducting films have been successfully fabricated on single crystal MgO(111) and c-AL₂O₃ substrates by different methods. The film deposited by pulsed laser deposition is c-axis oriented with zero resistance transition temperature of 38.4 K, while the other two films fabricated by chemical vapor deposition and electrophoresis are c-axis textured with the zero resistance transition temperature of 38 K and 39 K, respectively. Magnetization hysteresis measurements yield critical current density J_c of 10⁷ A/cm² at 15 K in zero field for the thin film and of 10⁵ A/cm² for the thick film. For the thin film deposited by chemical vapor deposition, the microwave surface resistance at 10 K is found to be as low as 100 μΩ, which is comparable with that of a high-quality high-temperature superconducting thin film of YBCO.     

高温变形时Al67Mn8Ti25的动态回复和动态再结晶

The deformation microstructure of Ll₂-structure Al₆₇Mn₈Ti₂₅ compound after tension at high temperature was investigated by TEM. The results show that dynamic recovery occurs and there exist a high density of dislocations, dislocation walls and unstable networks within the grains after deformation at 1 173 K and a strain rate of 8.35×10^-5 s^-1. At 1 173 K and a strain rate of 3.34×10^-5s^-1, dynamic recrystallization took place and the deformation microstructures were fine recrystallized grains with stable sub-boundaries in the specimen. Owing to difficulties in the dislocation motion and the process concerned with atom diffusion, the dynamic recovery and dynamic recrystallization occur only at rather higher temperature and lower strain rates, and only under this condition can the appreciate tensile ductility be obtained for this compound.     

Fabrication of MgB2 superconducting films by different methods

MgB₂ superconducting films have been successfully fabricated on single crystal MgO(111) and c-AL₂O₃ substrates by different methods. The film deposited by pulsed laser deposition is c-axis oriented with zero resistance transition temperature of 38.4 K, while the other two films fabricated by chemical vapor deposition and electrophoresis are c-axis textured with the zero resistance transition temperature of 38 K and 39 K, respectively. Magnetization hysteresis measurements yield critical current density J_c of 10⁷ A/cm² at 15 K in zero field for the thin film and of 10⁵ A/cm² for the thick film. For the thin film deposited by chemical vapor deposition, the microwave surface resistance at 10 K is found to be as low as 100 μΩ, which is comparable with that of a high-quality high-temperature superconducting thin film of YBCO.     

Effect of CH3OOH on the atmospheric concentration of OH radicals

Methyl hydroperoxide (CH₃OOH, MHP) is known to be a significant sink and reservoir of HO_x and RO_x radicals in the atmosphere. In order to investigate the impact of MHP on the concentration of atmospheric OH radicals, two key gas-phase reactions of MHP, i.e. the reactions with OH radicals and with UV photolysis, have been simulated at temperature of 293±2 K and total pressure of 1.01×10⁵ Pa, using the long path Fourier transform infrared (LP-FTIR) spectrometry. OH radicals are generated by the photolysis of O₃ in the presence of water vapor. Combined with the relative rate method, the reaction rate constant of MHP with OH radicals is determined to be (3.99±0.15)×10^-12 cm³?molecule^-1?s^-1, and thus the atmospheric lifetime of MHP is estimated at 2.9 days. Furthermore, from detailed analysis of the UV photolysis of MHP, the yield of OH radicals is obtained to be 0.91±0.04. Based on the MHP atmospheric lifetime and the yield of OH radicals, it is concluded that MHP plays an essential role in the redistribution of OH radicals in the troposphere.     

Effect of CH3OOH on the atmospheric concentration of OH radicals

Methyl hydroperoxide (CH₃OOH, MHP) is known to be a significant sink and reservoir of HO_x and RO_x radicals in the atmosphere. In order to investigate the impact of MHP on the concentration of atmospheric OH radicals, two key gas-phase reactions of MHP, i.e. the reactions with OH radicals and with UV photolysis, have been simulated at temperature of 293±2 K and total pressure of 1.01×10⁵ Pa, using the long path Fourier transform infrared (LP-FTIR) spectrometry. OH radicals are generated by the photolysis of O₃ in the presence of water vapor. Combined with the relative rate method, the reaction rate constant of MHP with OH radicals is determined to be (3.99±0.15)×10^-12 cm³?molecule^-1?s^-1, and thus the atmospheric lifetime of MHP is estimated at 2.9 days. Furthermore, from detailed analysis of the UV photolysis of MHP, the yield of OH radicals is obtained to be 0.91±0.04. Based on the MHP atmospheric lifetime and the yield of OH radicals, it is concluded that MHP plays an essential role in the redistribution of OH radicals in the troposphere.     

CaO-Al2O3-SiO2系烧结微晶玻璃的结晶过程

To control the quatity, grain size and morphology of crystals in glass-ceramics, relative crystallinity of CaO-Al₂O₃-SiO₂ sintered glass-ceramics was determined using XRD method. The crystallization at different temperature range was studied by SEM. The results indicate that sintering at low temperature (below 900　℃), crystals originate at the interface of glass particles and grow toward the inside of particles. There was no crystallization taken place within particles and the crystallinity was relatively low. Higher crystallinity can be obtained at mid temperature range (900～1　050　℃) when crystallization takes place both at and within the interface of glass particles. The crystallinity tends to decrease at high temperature range (1　050～1　100　℃) due to the rapid sintering and drop of driving force for phase transformation.     

Acidic catalysis of microporous polyoxometalate H3PW12O40/Sio2 in acetal reaction between benzaldehyde and ethylene glycol

Microporous Keggin-type polyoxometalate material was synthesised by supporting H3PW12O40 into a silica matrix via a sol-gel technique. The silica-supported 12-tungstophosphoric acid ( H₃PW₁₂O₄₀/Sio₂ ) obtained is insoluble and readily separable porous materials with uniform micropores (0. 57 nm) and a high specific surface area (350. 5 m2/g) in oxygen-containing polar solvents. H3PW12 O4o/Si02 was characterized by infrared spectrophotometer (IR). ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometer (UV-vis). inductively coupled plasma (ICP)> thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and Brunner-Emmett-Teller method (BET) measurements. H3PWi204o/Si02 obtained catalyzed the acetal reaction between benzaldehyde and ethylene glycol to produce 2-phenyl-l > 3-dioxolane more efficiently than the typical solid acids such as SO4 /ZrO2' Nafion-H and H-ZSM-5. Conversion was 93. 8% for benzaldehyde during the reaction period of 2 h. H₃PW₁₂O₄₀/Sio₂ kept its initial activity during three times of reuse. The initial acetal reaction follows a second-order kinetics model at 298 K.     

Si3N4-MgO-CeO2陶瓷烧结过程中的致密化与相变

Silicon nitride ceramics show great potential for wide applications. It is difficult to densify silicon nitride due to its covalent nature of bonding. A new sintering aid with combination of MgO and CeO₂ was used in the present study. The effects of MgO-CeO₂ on densification and phase transformation during sintering of Si₃N₄ were discussed. For Si₃N₄-MgO-CeO₂ ceramics,a lot of liquid phase existed at 1450℃,and densification process took place rapidly from 1550℃ to 150℃;the phase transformation from α-Si₃N₄ to β-Si₃N₄ took place rapidly from 1550℃ to 1660℃,the phase transformation process lags behind the densification process. The nonpressure sintered Si₃N₄-MgO-CeO₂ ceramics achieved a bending strength of 948MPa. MgO-CeO₂ can be considered as an effective sintering aid for Si₃N₄.     

TiO2/Al2O3-Al2O3-TiO2/Al2O3绝缘结构的真空沿面闪络特性

基于变插入层介电常数的多层绝缘结构能改善电场分布、提高真空沿面闪络特性.通过真空热压烧结制备了TiO2/Al2O3-Al2O3-TiO2/Al2O3(A-B-A)3层绝缘结构,A层w(TiO2)为0.5%到20%.测量了该绝缘结构的真空沿面闪络特性,发现闪络特性随w(TiO2)的增加而提高,当w(TiO2)为20%时,其脉冲初次闪络电压较同等厚度的Al2O3陶瓷提高了63%.研究发现:A层的介电常数可由w(TiO2)调控,介电常数的增大能有效降低真空-绝缘子-阴极三结合点处的电场强度;A层表面存在的TiO2颗粒可以减小二次电子发射系数并改善表面电荷分布;TiO2的电导率虽比Al2O3高,但其仍为绝缘体,即使TiO2含量较高时也不会形成贯穿的导电通道.     

CaO-ZrO2-TiO2-Al2O3-B2O3-SiO2玻璃陶瓷的制备及化学稳定性研究

玻璃陶瓷是固化处理中、高放废物和α废物较为理想的候选材料之一。研究了特定条件下制备的CaO-ZrO2-TiO2-Al2O3-B2O3-SiO2体系玻璃陶瓷在水淬和空气中自然冷却的两种冷却制度对其结晶行为和显微结构的影响,用粉末浸泡实验方法测试了其化学稳定性。结果表明:自然冷却形成的玻璃陶瓷晶相主要是ZrSiO4和ZrTiO4;在25～70℃范围内,温度对玻璃陶瓷浸出率无明显影响,90℃下浸出率比25℃,40℃,70℃的浸出率高一个数量级;7 d元素总的归一化浸出为1.87 g/m2。     

纳米Fe2O3-Al2O3复合材料的制备

采用溶胶-凝胶表面包覆法制备了纳米Fe₂O₃-Al₂ O₃复合材料, 利用X射线衍射和透射电镜对样品的物相、 粒度和形貌进行了研 究. 结果表明, α-Fe₂O₃掺杂降低了Al₂O₃相变温度, 在900 ℃可以得到稳定的α-Al₂O₃相.     

Crystallization Mechanism of Na2O-CaO-Al2O3-SiO2-F- Glass Containing Cr2O3

The effect of Cr₂O₃ on the nucleation and crystallization of Na₂O-CaO-Al₂O₃-SiO₂-F- glass has been investigated by means of ESR(Electron Spin Resonance), SEM(Scanning Electron Microscope), EDS(Energy Dispersive Specrometer) and so on. Computer pattern recognition is applied to optimize the heat-treatment schedules. The experimental results show that the base glass containing more than 1.5 % (mass fraction) Cr₂O₃ can be nucleated internally and converted to spheroidal crystal glass materials. The spheroidal crystal consisted of fibrous wollastonite crystals radiating from a center. The residual glass phase filled in the interstices between the fibers and between the spherulites. During heat treatment process, the valence states ofchromium changed from Cr6- to Cr3-, and the Cr-spinel solidsolution [CaCr₂O₄] precipitated followed this valence change. At the primary stage of crystallization, the Cr-spinel could act as a nucleating center on which the principal or}stalline phase β-CaSiO₃ grew epitaxially.     

Al2O3-SiO2∶Ln3+发光陶瓷的合成及发光行为

采用溶胶-凝胶法合成出了Al     

Effect of Fe2O3 on the size and components of spinel crystals in the CaO-SiO2-MgO-Al2O3-Cr2O3 system

size of spinel crystals in the CaO-SiO₂-MgO-Al₂O₃-Cr₂O₃ system was investigated using lab experiments carried out in a carbon tube furnace. Scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) were used to analyze the microstructure, components, and the mineral phases of synthetic slags. FactSage 7.1 was used to calculate the crystallization process of the molten slag. The results showed that the addition of Fe₂O₃ promoted the precipitation of spinel crystals and inhibited the formation of dicalcium silicate. The size of spinel crystals increased from 2.74 to 8.10 μm and the contents of chromium and iron in the spinel varied as the Fe₂O₃ addition was increased from 0 to 20wt%. Fe₂O₃ thermodynamically provided the spinel-forming components to enhance the formation of FeCr₂O₄, MgFe₂O₄, and Fe₃O₄. The addition of Fe₂O₃ increased the fraction of liquid phase in a certain temperature range and promoted diffusion by decreasing the slag's viscosity. Therefore, Fe₂O₃ is beneficial to the growth of spinel crystals in stainless steel slag.     

固体超强酸S2O8^2—／ZrO2—Al2O3催化合成对羟基苯甲酸乙酯

报道了一种以对羟基苯甲酸和乙醇为原料合成对羟基苯甲酸乙酯的新方法,即在固体超强酸S2O8^2-/ZrO2-Al2O催化下,用子筛作脱水剂,采用索氏提取器进行回流脱水直接酯化。并考察醇酸比、反应时间、催化剂用量等因素对酯产率的影响。     

Sb2Se3-Sb2S3两端叠层薄膜太阳能电池

设计并制备一种全锑基两端叠层薄膜太阳能电池，其结构为ITO/CdS/Sb₂S₃/Au/ZnO/Sb₂Se₃/Au.通过快速热蒸发法制备Sb₂Se₃和Sb₂S₃薄膜，该薄膜具有良好的结晶性.测试表明，器件中各层薄膜的能级互相匹配，并且可实现光谱的分段利用. Sb₂Se₃-Sb₂S₃两端叠层电池的光电转换效率达到3.25%,其开路电压为0.98 V,可基本实现开压叠加.     

Bi_2Se_3、Bi_2Te_3和Sb_2Te_3的声子和热力学性质的第一性原理研究

基于第一性原理的密度泛函理论,在未考虑和考虑自旋-轨道耦合(SOC)的情况下分别优化拓扑绝缘体Bi2Se3、Bi2Te3和Sb2Te3的结构,计算它们的声子谱及热力学性质.基于广义梯度交换相关泛函及SOC效应,计算得到三种物质的声子频率比不考虑SOC时更吻合实验数据.最后计算出三种物质的赫尔姆赫兹自由能F,内能E,等体热容CV和熵S随温度的变化趋势.