钼镍催化剂催化合成4-溴-2-丁烯酸乙酯

以2-丁烯酸为原料,自制催化剂,通过催化酯化和溴代反应合成了4-溴-2-丁烯酸乙酯。经核磁共振图谱检测,确认了产品结构,得到2-丁烯乙酯的收率为93%,4-溴-2-丁烯酸乙酯的收率为95 8%,质量分数为95%。贵金属催化剂用量为反应无质量的4%。     

一种新型环氧磷酸酯的合成和表征

以氯磷酸二乙酯、3-环己烯-1-甲醇为原料,首先合成3-环己烯-1-甲酯缩磷酸二乙酯(CDP),然后在CDP的基础上合成3-氧化环己烯-1-甲酯缩磷酸二乙酯(OCDP).通过正交实验找出两步反应的较优条件.当反应温度为80℃,n(氯磷酸二乙酯)∶n(3-环己烯-1-甲醇)∶n(三乙胺)=1∶1.5∶1,反应时间为36h时,CDP收率可达80.6%.当反应温度为80℃,n(CDP)∶n(过氧单磺酸钾)∶n(四丁基溴化铵)=1∶2∶1,反应时间为36h时,最终产物OCDP的收率为87.6%.通过红外光谱以及核磁共振分别对两步产物的结构进行表征.     

超细固体超强酸SO_4~(2-)/ZrO_2催化合成棕榈酸乙酯

制备了超细固体超强酸SO2-4/ZrO2,采用XRD、SEM、IR对该催化剂进行表征.以超细固体超强酸SO2-4/ZrO2为催化剂,棕榈酸与乙醇为原料合成棕榈酸乙酯.探讨了不同催化剂类型、醇酸摩尔比、催化剂用量、反应时间等因素对转化率的影响.结果表明,与普通固体酸相比,超细固体超强酸SO2-4/ZrO2对于棕榈酸乙酯的合成具有较好的催化性能.较适宜的反应条件为n(棕榈酸):n(乙醇)=4:1,催化剂用量0.8 g,反应3 h.在此条件下,棕榈酸的收率可达70.3%.     

超细固体超强酸SO2-4/ZrO2催化合成棕榈酸乙酯

制备了超细固体超强酸SO2-4/ZrO2,采用XRD、SEM、IR对该催化剂进行表征.以超细固体超强酸SO2-4/ZrO2为催化剂,棕榈酸与乙醇为原料合成棕榈酸乙酯.探讨了不同催化剂类型、醇酸摩尔比、催化剂用量、反应时间等因素对转化率的影响.结果表明,与普通固体酸相比,超细固体超强酸SO2-4/ZrO2对于棕榈酸乙酯的合成具有较好的催化性能.较适宜的反应条件为n(棕榈酸):n(乙醇)=4:1,催化剂用量0.8 g,反应3 h.在此条件下,棕榈酸的收率可达70.3%.     

The semi-synthetic technology of Vinpocetine

对长春西汀的半合成工艺进行了研究.长春胺经氢氧化钠水解得到长春胺酸,再以长春胺酸为原料,经浓硫酸脱水、酯化得到长春西汀.研究了两步反应的影响因素,优化了反应条件.结果表明,水解反应较佳的条件为:n长春胺∶n氢氧化钠 =1∶1.2,15倍质量的乙醇为溶剂,60℃水解2h;脱水酯化反应较佳的条件为:m长春氨酸∶m浓硫酸∶m乙醇=1∶2∶20,78℃反应8h.在该条件下,长春西汀半合成收率达90.7％,色谱纯度达98.5％.通过元素分析、核磁、红外对产物结构进行了表征.     

改进Zagoumenny还原法制备二苯甲醇

Zagoumenny是经典的二苯甲醇制备反应,在氢氧化钾存在下,二苯甲酮和乙醇在高压釜中完成反应.以乙二醇代替乙醇,反应能在常压下进行,最佳反应条件为n二苯甲酮∶n乙二醇∶n氢氧化钾=1∶33.3∶2.6,反应温度为178℃,反应时间为3.5h,收率为92.8%.产物结构用熔点仪、元素分析仪、气-质联用仪、红外光谱仪和核磁共振仪进行表征.     

3-甲基-2-十三烯-4-炔酸乙酯的合成

在绿色反应介质聚乙二醇-400(PEG-400)中,1-葵炔与丁烯酸乙酯在PdCl2(PPh3)2/CuBr催化体系作用下,选择性合成E-3-甲基-2-十三烯-4-炔酸乙酯,该反应对环境友好,产物结构经IR、NMR和MS确证.     

头孢唑兰活性酯合成工艺改进

在混合溶剂条件下,以亚磷酸三乙酯替代三苯基磷做缩合催化剂,改进头孢唑兰活性酯的合成工艺。经正交实验,考察溶剂、温度和时间等因素对活性酯收率和质量的影响,确定最佳工艺条件为:n(氨噻二唑肟乙酸)∶n(二硫化二苯并噻唑)∶n(亚磷酸三乙酯)=1∶1.1∶1.2,V(二氯甲烷)∶V(乙腈)=1∶1,反应温度为25℃,反应时间4 h。在此条件下,产品收率可达94.8%,HPLC测定纯度为99.2%。     

柠檬酸催化合成2-正丙基-4,7-二氢-1,3-二噁庚英

以柠檬酸为催化剂,通过正丁醛与顺-1,4-丁烯二醇缩合反应合成了2-正丙基-4,7-二氢-1,3-二噁庚英。研究了醛、醇物质的量比、催化剂用量、反应时间、溶剂等对产品收率的影响。实验表明：在n醇：n醛=1：1.2;催化剂用量为醛的5%时,环己烷为带水剂,反应时间6 h的优化条件下,二氧七环产物的收率可达92%。     

(S)-吲哚啉-2-甲酸的合成工艺

研究(S)-吲哚啉-2-甲酸的合成工艺,以草酸二乙酯和邻硝基甲苯为起始原料,在乙醇钾作用下生成邻硝基苯丙酮酸乙酯,用雷尼镍催化加氢、镁粉还原、手性分离得目标产物(S)-吲哚啉-2-甲酸,总收率为38%(以邻硝基甲苯计算).该合成工艺成本低、环境污染小.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-