纤维素降解菌的筛选与诱变育种

采用羧甲基纤维素（CMC）平板初筛和50℃培养, 筛选到一株纤维素酶活力较高的耐高温霉菌MY菌株, 其CMC培养基最适pH为6.0, 培养温度为40℃, 最佳产酶时间为5d. 以MY菌株为出发菌株, 分别采用紫外线和硫酸二乙酯诱变, 以透明圈直径与菌落直径的比值（HC值）提高30%以上或菌落形态发生明显变异为筛选指标, 共筛选到97株突变株; 通过测定粗酶液CMC酶活力, 从中筛选出29株CMC酶活力提高30%以上的菌株; 结合突变菌株的传代稳定性实验, 最后筛选得到1株性能优良的霉菌MY004突变株, 其CMC酶活力比原始菌株MY提高了80.6%.     

纤维素酶产生菌——根霉的分离选育与鉴定

6月在兰州榆中县兴隆山次生林区采集潮湿的腐质土壤、枯枝落叶、腐烂的植物种子、果实和朽木等样,用羧甲基纤维素钠培养基初筛,根据水解圈与菌落直径之比大小和水解圈清晰度分离筛选出较多的产纤维素酶菌株,其中有真菌、放线菌和细菌等.进一步通过测纤维素酶活力复筛,最终筛选出滤纸酶活力FPA和羧甲基纤维素酶活力同时都较高的菌株10株。经形态学鉴定10株均为霉菌,其中酶活最高的菌株分别是58-3A,42-2A和50-2B,它们的粗酶液崩解滤纸效果快速明显.58-3A的FPA酶活是497.78 U,CMC酶活是1376.2 U.10株之中菌株50-2B和菌株50-2C的菌落形态与其他菌株区别较大,经形态学鉴定菌株50-2B和50-2C都是根霉属.菌株50-2B的FPA酶活是218.88 U,CMC酶活是1571.4 U,菌株50-2C的FPA酶活是273.78U,CMC酶活是1084.62U.     

产果胶酶菌株的筛选鉴定及其产酶条件的研究

为筛选果胶高效降解菌株,结合HC比值(透明圈H与菌落直径C的比值)和果胶酶活力测定,从桔子园土壤和腐烂的水果等处筛选得到1株产果胶酶活力较强的菌株M3,结合菌株形态特征观察和ITS rDNA基因序列分析,确定该菌株为聚多曲霉(Aspergillus sydowii).经发酵产酶试验可知,该菌株的最适发酵产酶条件为培养温度30℃,初始pH4.5,接种量(体积分数)7%,培养时间4 d.在该条件下发酵,果胶酶活力可达42.01 U.mL-1.     

产纤维素酶新菌株的筛选及其产酶特性研究

【目的】筛选分离新的纤维素酶产酶菌株,并对其生长特性和产酶特性进行研究。【方法】从堆肥样品中分离得到一株产纤维素酶菌株,定名为CP1,利用16SrRNA序列对比和Biolog微生物鉴定系统进行鉴定。通过测定菌株生长速率确定其最适生长条件。采用CMC发酵培养基进行纤维素酶的研究,确定其产酶曲线。测定粗酶液最适作用温度和pH值,热稳定性和金属离子对其影响。【结果】经鉴定该菌株为梭形芽孢杆菌(Lysinibacillus fusiformis),其最适生长温度为30℃,最适生长pH值为6。在含CMC-Na的培养基培养,该菌株的生长与产酶同步进行,培养48h菌株生长量达到最大,培养液的CMC酶活力同时达到最大值,为0.46U/mL。该菌株所产的纤维素酶既有酸性CMC酶活力,又有碱性CMC酶活力,并以碱性CMC酶为主,酸性CMC酶的活力只有碱性CMC酶的71.4%。其酸性CMC酶的最适作用pH值为6.0,碱性CMC酶的最适作用pH值为8.0。另外,该菌株所产碱性CMC酶活的最适作用温度为40~50℃,而且0.5%的Cu2+使其酶活降低45%。【结论】菌株CP1为首次报道的梭形芽孢杆菌产纤维素酶新菌株,具有独特的酸碱性环境下的纤维素酶活力。     

发酵法生产京尼平菌株的筛选与培养

从土壤中筛选到一株产β-葡萄糖苷酶的菌株FYS-9,其发酵可将京尼平苷转化为京尼平。通过菌落形态特征、孢子和菌丝显微观察及18S rDNA基因序列分析,初步鉴定该菌株为泡盛曲霉（Aspergillus awamori）。以FYS-9为出发菌株,通过紫外线、原生质体诱变,选育得到一株高产β-葡萄糖苷酶的突变株70C-3,该突变株发酵产酶平均酶活力达到36.15IU/mL,比FYS-9提高39.4%。对突变株70C-3发酵转化京尼平苷条件的优化结果表明,在京尼平苷添加量1.5%,30℃、150r/min转化24h的条件下,京尼平苷的转化率达到97.7%,京尼平的产量可达8.5g/L。     

染料脱色菌无花果曲霉的微波诱变育种

采用微波对染料脱色菌无花果曲霉(Aspergillus ficuum)进行不同时间诱变处理,确定了微波诱变的最佳诱变时间,比较了出发菌株与突变株的菌落形态及孢子形态的差异,研究了培养时间、温度、转速、pH对染料脱色的影响。结果表明:用功率为800 W的微波火力对无花果曲霉(Aspergillus ficuum)进行处理30 s,获得的突变株P30具有最佳脱色效果,突变株的菌落比原菌落直径大,分布不规则,菌落相对较少,其孢子颜色变深。突变株对染料脱色的最佳pH为6.0,最佳温度为33℃,转速为120 r/m in,时间为72 h。P30突变株对活性艳蓝KN-R的脱色率比出发菌株提高了11%。     

纤维素酶产生菌的筛选及产酶条件的研究

目的：从三峡地区丘陵地带采集样品中分离以稻草秸秆粉为碳源的产纤维素酶菌株．方法：以刚果红为显色剂,采用CMC—Na固体培养基初步筛选产酶的微生物,然后将透明圈直径与菌落直径比值较大的菌株分离纯化后,进行摇瓶复筛,最后经过单因素实验和正交实验优化该茵珠的产酶条件．结果：分离得到一株产纤维素酶活力较高的菌株（X3）,经初步鉴定其为曲霉属,该菌株产纤维素酶的最佳条件为：培养温度28℃、培养时间72h、初始pH值6、装量为15mL／250mL三角瓶．在此条件下FPA酶活为2．413IU／mL、CMC酶活为2．406IU／mI—J3一葡萄糖苷酶活为10．633IU／mL,分别是菌株X3初始酶活的l_04倍、2．20倍和1．19倍．结论：通过产酶条件优化后,菌株X3各酶活分别提高．     

产植酸酶菌株的筛选、诱变及酶学性质初探

从富含有机质的环境中采集土样,通过植酸钙平板透明圈法初筛和维生素C-硫酸-钼酸铵-酒石酸锑钾法测定植酸酶酶活复筛,共筛选到5株产植酸酶的霉菌,对这5株菌株进行紫外线和亚硝基胍复合诱变处理,最终获得一株高产植酸酶突变株NTG-506,酶活达到112 U/mL,比原始出发菌株的酶活提高了3.2倍.突变株NTG-506在250mL三角瓶中发酵培养,在装液量60 mL,接种量2%时,培养4 d后酶活达到最高,为124.5 U/mL.植酸酶的最适反应温度35℃,经50℃处理10 min后剩余酶活为原来的57%.     

一株产碱性纤维素酶放线菌的分离及酶学特性

目的为了弥补目前学术界在产碱性纤维素酶放线菌研究方面的薄弱环节。方法通过实验从采集的土样中,分离获得6株不同菌株,利用CMC透明圈、刚果红染色及酶活测定从中筛选出1株酶活较高的放线菌菌株H,经鉴定,该菌株为间孢囊菌属的一个种(Intrasporangiumsp.);通过液体振荡培养法,对该菌株的发酵条件进行研究,并对该菌株酶系组成及特性进行探讨。结果该菌株为好氧型兼性嗜碱菌,当接种量为6%,pH为8,在28℃条件下振荡培养5 d时生长良好。结论此菌株可产生碱性纤维素酶(CMC酶),且该酶大部分属内切β-1,4葡聚糖酶,其初始酶活力为2.912 IU/mL。酶反应温度为40℃时,酶活力可达到6~10 IU/mL;当pH为6~11,温度为10~60℃时,酶活力可保持在60%以上,能较好地满足日常洗涤的环境要求。     

一株产α-淀粉酶芽孢杆菌的分离及产酶条件的优化

以筛选与鉴定尉犁县黑湖产淀粉酶细菌,并对筛选出的细菌进行产酶条件优化为研究目的,从43株细菌中筛选出淀粉酶高产菌株HM-22,并对其进行了菌株形态学鉴定、16S r DNA分子鉴定以及产酶条件优化。从尉犁县黑湖采样的30个水、土和泥样样品中分离筛选43株细菌,从中筛选出14株产淀粉酶的菌株,采用Yoo改良法对产透明圈较大的菌株进行酶活力测定,从中筛选出了一株产酶活性较高的菌株HM-22。经革兰氏染色、菌落形态观察、生理生化检测和16S r DNA序列比对鉴定该菌与Bacillus tequilensis的相似性为99.8%,属于芽孢杆菌属。对菌株HM-22产酶条件进行初步优化确定其产酶的最佳条件是:该菌产淀粉酶最适温度为40℃,最适碳源为可溶性淀粉,最适氮源为牛肉膏,最适反应pH为6.0,最适产酶培养时间为24 h。优化后菌株HM-22的酶活力从最初的的酶活力122.45 U/m L达到147.53 U/m L,酶活力提高了17%。该研究为从新疆盐湖细菌中筛选淀粉酶活力较高的菌种资源及应用提供了理论依据和参考。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

The Analects and the Moment in Peking——The influence of a Confucian education system on the personality formation,the way of thinking and the fate of the main characters

0.Preface China has long been boasting of its colorful and immense culture which comprises of Taoism,Confucianism and Buddhism.The interwoven influence among the religions on Chinese way of thinking,on the nation＇s behavior in their social life throughout the long history is beyond list.