中国南方第四纪红土研究进展

从红土成因、年代学研究、红土与古环境演变等方面,对中国南方第四纪红土研究进展进行了详细论述与总结,进而提出目前红土研究中存在的问题以及未来研究重点.     

巢湖东部第四纪红土微量元素地球化学特征及物源初探

在野外地质地貌考察与采样的基础上,利用X射线荧光光谱分析对巢湖东部第四纪红土的微量元素含量进行测定,结合微量元素富集指数和因子分析方法,并将巢湖东部第四纪红土与长江河漫滩沉积物、西北黄土沉积物和上陆壳的相应微量元素通过判别函数和物源指数相比较,初步探讨了巢湖东部第四纪红土的微量元素地球化学特征及其物源。结果表明:(1)微量元素变化率△值显示,微量元素Sr的△0且|△|10%,表明其相对Ti发生了少量的迁移,微量元素Ni、Mo、Ga、Zn、V、Cu、Ba、Co、Cr、Pb、Th和Nb的△值 0,表明这些元素相对Ti在化学风化过程中发生了富集;(2)巢湖东部第四纪红土、长江河漫滩沉积物和西北黄土沉积物的各微量元素与上陆壳(UCC)微量元素平均值的对比发现,巢湖东部第四纪红土与西北黄土沉积物的微量元素相似度较高,而长江河漫滩沉积物显示了Pb、Zn、Cu和V的富集,与上述两者不同;(3)将三地的判别函数FD值和物源指数IP进行分析,巢湖东部红土IP黄土为0. 395(0. 5),而IP长江河漫滩为0. 605( 0. 5),表明巢湖东部第四纪红土的元素组成更接近于西北黄土沉积物,而不同于长江河漫滩沉积物,主要物源十分类似于西北黄土,而异于长江河漫滩沉积物。     

长江中下游第四纪红土中结核的地球化学特征及环境意义

经分析,长江中下游地区第四纪红土中铁锰结核中以 Si、Fe、Al、Mn等元素为主,其中,Fe、Mn、Pb和Cd大量富集,稀土元素为强烈富集,其中Ce表现出强烈的正异常.根据结核的元素富集特征及铁锰的地球化学特征推测,长江中下游地区第四纪红土中结核形成过程经历了较强烈的干湿环境变化过程.     

论层序地层学对地震地层学领域的发展

将层序地层学与经典的地震地层学的主要内容进行了对比。阐明了层序地层学与地震地层学之间本质性的区别.研究认为,层序地层学是在传统的地震地层学基础上.进一步总结归纳而概括出来的一整套沉积环境分布和岩相发育的时空模式。层序地层学是地震地层学发展的最新阶段.其主要进展包括:(1)地层单元的几何形态和岩性的四个主控变量深化了沉积相的成因分析;(2)建立了海平面升降的沉积旋回模式;(3)沉积体系域是以全盆地为目标的系统研究;(4)具有直接预测生储盖条件的功能.     

成都理工大学沉积地质研究院简介

一、历史沿革和时代风貌 成都理工大学沉积地质研究院的前身为沉积地质研究所。沉积地质研究所是于1985年由原地矿部批准建立的我国高校第一所沉积地质学专业研究所，为我国本学科首批硕士、博士学位授权点。2005年由成都理工大学批准扩建为沉积地质研究院，为“油气藏地质及开发工程”国家重点实验室、“矿产地质与勘探”国家重点学科的主要支撑点。拥有地质学一级学科博士学位授予权、地质学博士后流动站、5个博士点（沉积学、古生物学与地层学、构造地质学、矿物学岩石学矿床学和第四纪地质学）、4个省部级重点学科（部级重点学科——沉积学，省级重点学科——构造地质学、古生物学与地层学、矿物学岩石学矿床学）。建有“青藏高原大陆动力学”部级开放实验室和沉积地质专业实验室。     

基于沉积特征分段旋回地层学研究方法探讨及应用—以西部凹陷西78井沙四上段为例

旋回地层学分析为高精度地层研究提供了有效手段,但沉积速率不稳定严重制约了旋回地层学的应用。本文提出了基于沉积特征分段的旋回地层学分析方法来规避沉积速率不稳定的影响。本文以辽河西部凹陷中西78井沙四上段为例来阐述基于沉积特征分段的旋回地层学分析方法的过程及其优势,通过对其沉积记录进行了基于沉积特征的分段和对各段自然伽马测井数据进行小波时频分析和频谱分析,识别出了较为显著的米兰科维奇沉积旋回,取得了较好的应用效果。此方法为复杂地质条件下的沉积地层进行旋回地层学分析提供了新的思路。     

基于沉积特征分段旋回地层学研究方法探讨及应用——以辽河西部凹陷西78井沙四上段为例

旋回地层学分析为高精度地层研究提供了有效手段,但沉积速率不稳定严重制约了旋回地层学的应用。提出了基于沉积特征分段的旋回地层学分析方法来规避沉积速率不稳定的影响。以辽河西部凹陷中西78井沙四上段为例来阐述基于沉积特征分段的旋回地层学分析方法的过程及其优势,通过对沉积记录进行基于沉积特征的分段和对各段自然伽马测井数据小波时频分析和频谱分析,识别出了较为显著的米兰科维奇沉积旋回,取得了较好的应用效果。此方法为复杂地质条件下的沉积地层进行旋回地层学分析提供了新的思路。     

南京师范大学

<正>·我校汪永进教授团队获2013年度教育部高校科学研究成果(科学技术)自然科学一等奖地理科学学院汪永进教授团队"晚第四纪东亚季风演化历史与驱动机制"获奖项目以中国洞穴石笋为主要载体,研究不同时间尺度季风气候历史、突变过程及其与全球变化的关系,构建了相对完整的晚第四纪中国洞穴同位素气候地层学研究体系。获奖项目主要科学贡献有:发现亚洲夏季风强度变化在最后两个冰期/间冰期旋回具有显著的岁差旋回特征,完善了来自海洋沉积和中国黄土等研究对亚洲季风     

四川成都地区第四纪红土磁学特征及其环境意义

选择了关注较少,第四纪红土分布最西界——四川成都平原中的一个第四纪红土剖面作为研究对象,通过系统的环境磁学分析,结合色度和常量地球化学元素指标,探讨磁学参数的环境指示意义,探寻适用的气候代用指标.结果表明：(1)成都地区第四纪红土剖面经历了细粒亚铁磁性矿物转化分解、剖面整体呈低磁性、磁性矿物主要为反铁磁性矿物、磁性颗粒以假单畴(PSD)和多畴(MD)的粗颗粒为主.(2)剖面弱网纹层成土强度较弱、亚铁磁性矿物含量较高、磁性较强、磁性矿物粒径较细;典型网纹层成土强度较高、磁性较弱、磁性颗粒较粗.(3)剖面土壤发育序列的CIA、磁学特征的变化指示了当地气候趋于冷干,且不及同时期的长江中下游地区暖湿.(4)反映剖面反铁磁性矿物的赤铁矿、针铁矿信息的色度参数与CIA对应良好,可以作为南方地区古气候变化研究的代用指标.     

红壤丘陵区不同成土母质发育稻田土壤的肥力特性

以红壤丘陵区的典型区域宝洞裕流域作为研究区域,采用对比研究法探讨了不同成土母质发育的稻田土壤肥力状况,并采用模型综合评判法(INDEX模型)评价了稻田土壤的肥力水平.肥力指标研究结果表明,第四纪红土发育稻田土壤的养分质量分数相对其他两种母质较高,其表层土壤有机质质量分数均达到32 g·kg-1以上,全量养分指标和有效养分指标也有同样的规律;肥力综合评价结果表明,第四纪红土发育的清夹泥水稻土综合肥力指数达到0.109 969,而紫色沙页岩冲积物仅为0.028 521.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to