制药废水中产甲烷菌的分离与鉴定

采用改良的亨盖特（Hungate）厌氧操作技术,以某制药厂长期稳定运行的处理高浓度制药有机废水的产甲烷反应器中活性污泥为接种物,分离出一株命名为A5的产甲烷菌．菌体细胞小球状,比较规则,周围光滑,无鞭毛,有些小球菌聚集呈大堆状不规则菌群,革兰氏染色呈阳性,大小为0．64μm×0．7μm,有些个别的球菌直径能达到0.9μm．能够利用乙酸盐生长和产甲烷,经鉴定,菌株A5为马氏甲烷球菌．     

氨氧化古菌——环境微生物生态学研究的一个前沿热点

新近在环境基因组学研究上的突破和常温型泉古菌纯培养株系的获得揭示出氨氧化古菌(AOA)是一个不同寻常的功能类群.通过对氨氧化过程的关键酶之一氨单加氧酶(AMO)α亚基的编码基因(amo A)的系统发育分析发现,AOA是一个独立于氨氧化细菌(AOB)进化枝之外的进化类群.目前已确认,AOA是自然界中最丰富的氨氧化生物,其amoA基因的拷贝数最高可超过AOB amoA基因拷贝数3个数量级.在自然生态系统,尤其是海洋生态系统中具有十分重要的生态地位.据热力学估算,海洋AOA每年生成的NO2与全球海洋新生产力(即海洋对大气碳封存)所需的N量相当;由AOA氧化海洋中的NH3获能所固定的CO2的总量远远超过了埋藏于全球海洋沉积物中的碳量.AOA已成为今后环境微生物生态学的研究热点之一.     

溶纤粘细菌NUST06的系统发育学研究

从中国山东东营的一个盐土样品中分离到一株溶纤性粘细菌NUST06,能在pH9.5和7%NaCl的环境中生长.革兰氏染色阴性.营养体细胞长杆状,大小为(5～8)μm×(0.6～1)μm.子实体是由分散的大小为100～200μm细胞聚集体构成.粘孢子为短杆状细胞,大小为(2～3)μm×(0.8～1.2)μm.DNA中(G+C)%为69.1%.根据这些特征,此菌株可定为纤维堆囊菌SorangiumcellulosumNUST06.对菌株NUST06进行了基于16SrDNA序列比较的系统学分析,表明该菌株与Sorangiumcellulosum的相似性仅为82.7%.提示在粘细菌Sorangiumcellulosum分类上存在着形态结构与系统发育的不相关性.     

一株腐殖质和铁还原菌的分离和鉴定

从广东四会原始森林土壤中分离到一株能高效还原Fe(Ⅲ)和腐殖质(HS)的兼性厌氧菌,编号为CY01.菌株CY01细胞壁革兰氏染色为阴性,细胞为杆状,大小为(1.2～1.5)μm×(0.3～0.4)μm,没有鞭毛,没有运动性,在有氧条件下氧化酶和接触酶均呈阳性反应,最适生长温度为25～30℃C,最适生长pH为6.5～7.0.16S rDNA基因序列分析结果表明:菌株CY01与其亲缘关系最近的属为Comamonas(丛毛单胞菌属),该属内和CY01亲缘关系最近的种Comamonas Koreensis(韩国丛毛单胞菌)的16SrDNA序列相似值为98%,DNA G+C物质的量百分含量为64.8.用Biolog GN2系统鉴定的结果显示,有氧条件下,在提供的96种不同碳源中,CY01只能利用其中的38种.结合菌株CY01的形态学特征、生理生化特性和分子生物学特性,将菌株鉴定为Comamonas Koreensis.该菌所具有的Fe(Ⅲ)和HS还原特性为首次报道.     

Acidiphilium属菌DX-A的分离鉴定及其浸矿功能

从江西德兴铜矿酸性矿坑水中分离得到1株嗜酸细菌(命名为DX-A),该菌株为革兰氏阴性菌,短杆状,菌体宽×长为(0.45~0.55)μm×(1.1~2.1)μm,最适生长pH为3.5,最适生长温度为30℃。该菌能利用FeCl3及多种硫化矿和葡萄糖等多种有机物进行生长,但是不能利用FeSO4进行生长,因而该菌为兼性异养型细菌。构建该菌的系统发育树,研究表明:菌株DX-A与Acidiphilium sp.PK46(AY765995)位于系统发育树的同一分支中,相似度为99%;菌株DX-A分别浸出黄铁矿和铁闪锌矿28 d后,含菌摇瓶中Fe2+与Zn2+的质量浓度分别可达到2.36g/L和2.47 g/L,而对照组中Fe2+与Zn2+的质量浓度分别为0.60 g/L和0.39 g/L;菌株DX-A和A.ferrooxidansATCC23270混菌分别浸出黄铁矿和铁闪锌矿比A.ferrooxidans ATCC23270单菌浸出效果分别高2.7%和10.3%,表明该菌能够浸出黄铁矿和铁闪锌矿并能促进自养菌的浸矿,为进一步研究异养菌促进自养菌浸矿提供了依据。     

石油降解菌的分离、表征及其降油最适状态研究

从油田污泥中分离到两株能有效降解石油烃的革兰氏染色阴性,好氧细菌。x-1菌株,呈粗杆状（1．0～1．2）×（2．2～3．7μm）,两端圆,主要成连也有成对,周生鞭毛。x-3呈短粗杆状（1．0～1．3）×（1．6～3．4μm）,两端圆,成对或成短连,也有单个。经初步鉴定均为无色杆菌属（Achromobacter sp．）。研究了影响菌株降油能力的主要影响因素,并确定两种菌株的适宜降油条件,其中x-1菌株在35℃,pH7．5和油浓度5000mg／L的条件下以及x-3菌株在25℃,pH7．5和油浓度1000mg／L的条件下具有较好的石油降解能力。     

一株产氨浸铜细菌的分离与鉴定

从内蒙古某处土壤中分离出一株分解尿素的产氨细菌(命名为JAT-1),革兰氏阴性,菌落表面平整湿润,乳白色,短杆状.菌体尺寸为0.2~0.4μm×1.5~2.0μm.结合16S r DNA测定和菌株系统发育树分析,其与Providencia Sp.Sam 130-9A同源性高达99%.对其生长特性研究结果表明:JAT-1以10 g·L-1柠檬酸钠作为碳源,20 g·L-1尿素作为氮源,最佳生长p H值范围为8.0~9.5,最佳初始接种浓度20%.采用该细菌进行碱性铜矿摇瓶浸出实验,144 h后铜浸出率可达42.38%,表明该菌株具有应用于碱性铜矿浸出的潜力.     

一株聚β-羟基丁酸高产菌株的分离与研究--Ⅱ.出发菌株的筛选鉴定及合成PHB条件的研究

从城市生活污水中分离筛选到一菌株 ,具如下主要特征 :杆菌 ,(0 .85～ 1 .2 )× (2 .0～ 5.0 )μm;革兰氏染色阴性 ;具衣鞘 ,细胞包在鞘里 ,丝状体很长 ,但无分枝 ;亚端生鞭毛 ;胞内具 PHB颗粒和异染颗粒 ;液化明胶微弱 ;菌落为光滑型和丝状两种 .经鉴定该菌株为浮游球衣细菌(Sphaerotilus natans) .该菌在 2 8℃条件下生长良好 ,细菌细胞大 ,细胞内可积累大量的 PHB.从对数期至稳定期 ,该菌株积累的 PHB量可达细胞干重的 1 9.8%     

嗜热产甲烷杆菌YT—7菌株的分离和特征

采用严格的 Hungate 厌氧技术,从云南省腾冲高温温泉污泥样品中分离一株嗜热自养产甲烷杆菌 YT-7菌株。该菌株细胞呈长杆状,不运动,不形成芽孢,革兰氏染色阳性。在65—70℃下培养时菌体为0.3-0.4×1.5-13μm。分离物仅能利用 H_2/CO_2为能源和碳源,在无机盐液体培养基中生长,细胞最小倍增时间为3.2小时。滚管菌落呈灰白色,半透明,近圆形;落射荧光显微镜检查呈蓝绿色或黄绿色荧光。YT-7菌株的最适生长温度为65—70℃,低于45℃或高于75℃不生长。最适生长 pH 为6.5—7.0。根据形态和生理性状的研究,分离物暂定嗜热自养产甲烷杆菌 YT-7(Methanobacterium thermoautotrophicumYT-7)。     

铜绿假单孢菌脂肪酶产生条件

产生优质脂肪酶的铜绿假单孢菌JEP－606菌株的培养成分（质量分数）为大豆1.5％,玉米浸出液3．0％,葡萄糖0．5％,橄榄油0．75％,当菌株液体培养时,细胞直径约0．4μm,长1．5～3．5μm,革兰氏阴性,产生蓝绿色素．提高菌株脂肪酶活性和生物量的培养条件是：初始pH7．0～9.0,28℃,150r／min,培养时间60～140h,装液量25mL（250mL三角瓶）和0.75％橄榄油．     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with