Electronic reconstruction at an interface between a Mott insulator and a band insulator

Surface science is an important and well-established branch of materials science involving the study of changes in material properties near a surface or interface. A fundamental issue has been atomic reconstruction: how the surface lattice symmetry differs from the bulk. 'Correlated-electron compounds' are materials in which strong electron-electron and electron-lattice interactions produce new electronic phases, including interaction-induced (Mott) insulators, many forms of spin, charge and orbital ordering, and (presumably) high-transition-temperature superconductivity. Here we propose that the fundamental issue for the new field of correlated-electron surface/interface science is 'electronic reconstruction': how does the surface/interface electronic phase differ from that in the bulk? As a step towards a general understanding of such phenomena, we present a theoretical study of an interface between a strongly correlated Mott insulator and a band insulator. We find dramatic interface-induced electronic reconstructions: in wide parameter ranges, the near-interface region is metallic and ferromagnetic, whereas the bulk phase on either side is insulating and antiferromagnetic. Extending the analysis to a wider range of interfaces and surfaces is a fundamental scientific challenge and may lead to new applications for correlated electron materials.     

直流梯度磁场对Al合金热电势的影响

研究了Al合金的热电势在直流梯度磁场中的行为.结果发现:在直流梯度磁场作用下,Al-289%Fe合金熔体的热电势降低;关闭磁场,降低的热电势没有立刻回升,而是在保持一段时间不变后,才缓慢恢复到施加磁场前的初始值.温度越高,热电势增速越快,增量越多,回归速度也越快.这种磁效应,在不同温度、不同成分的Al合金熔体(包括纯Al)中被普遍观察到;而在固态纯Al和Al合金中尚未观察到这种效应.在均匀磁场作用下,液态Al合金的热电势也没有发生变化.根据局域理论,定性地解释了磁场对合金熔体热电势的影响.     

NaxCoO2热电性质的第一性原理研究

热电材料能够进行热能与电能的直接转化,对其进行理论研究对实际应用具有指导意义.NaxCoO2是一种新型的热电功能材料,近年来逐渐成为研究的热点.本文在基于密度泛函理论的第一性原理电子结构研究的基础上,利用恒定弛豫时间近似条件下的线性波尔兹曼方程研究了这种材料体系的热电性质,得出了其热电功率在确定温度下作为Na原子含量的函数.     

超强激光脉冲与等离子体相互作用中电子流聚束及其不稳定性的研究

在线极化超强超短激光脉冲与低密度等离子体相互作用过程中，由于激光有质动力的作用，纵向将形成强相对论性的电子流，电子流诱发的准静态磁场又将使电子流产生聚束；同时在横向，由于激光电场的作用，聚束后的电子流将发生扭曲，因而产生扭曲不稳定性。该文从分布函数出发，对其进行讨论，得到了这种情况下的稳定性条件。     

脉冲远场涡流检测中磁场抑制技术研究

通过传感器结构的合理设计,脉冲远场涡流可用于飞机机身非磁性金属结构中缺陷的检测,但是,传统远场涡流信号微弱,检测灵敏度不高,因此,如何实现对远场涡流的磁场抑制与信号增强,从而改进和提高其检测能力是一个关键问题。本文从抑制远场涡流磁场直接耦合分量的角度出发,仿真设计了带有不同屏蔽结构的传感器模型,分析了不同材料的屏蔽效果,比较了不同模型的缺陷检测灵敏度以及对大厚度平板的检测能力。研究结果表明,基于高导磁材料屏蔽盘的连通磁路传感器对直接耦合分量具有较好的抑制作用,可以缩短过渡区,拉近激励与检测线圈间的距离,提高缺陷的检测灵敏度,其对非磁性平板的检测厚度可扩展至25mm。     

Magnetic trapping of rare-earth atoms at millikelvin temperatures

The ability to create quantum degenerate gases has led to the realization of Bose-Einstein condensation of molecules, atom-atom entanglement and the accurate measurement of the Casimir force in atom-surface interactions. With a few exceptions, the achievement of quantum degeneracy relies on evaporative cooling of magnetically trapped atoms to ultracold temperatures. Magnetic traps confine atoms whose electronic magnetic moments are aligned anti-parallel to the magnetic field. This alignment must be preserved during the collisional thermalization of the atomic cloud. Quantum degeneracy has been reached in spherically symmetric, S-state atoms (atoms with zero internal orbital angular momentum). However, collisional relaxation of the atomic magnetic moments of non-S-state atoms (non-spherical atoms with non-zero internal orbital angular momentum) is thought to proceed rapidly. Here we demonstrate magnetic trapping of non-S-state rare-earth atoms, observing a suppression of the interaction anisotropy in collisions. The atoms behave effectively like S-state atoms because their unpaired electrons are shielded by two outer filled electronic shells that are spherically symmetric. Our results are promising for the creation of quantum degenerate gases with non-S-state atoms, and may facilitate the search for time variation of fundamental constants and the development of a quantum computer with highly magnetic atoms.     

Experimental studies on overall property of thermoelectric modules with sandwiched structures

Based on direct-current transient Harman method, an integrated characterization system of thermoelectric device’s performance is established. The overall properties of thermoelectric modules with sandwiched structures are experimentally investigated, including Seebeck coefficients, figures of merit (ZT), electrical and thermal conductivities. Experiment results reveal that ZT values of thermoelectric modules are smaller than those of commercial bismuth telluride (Bi₂Te₃) modules. In contrast, Seebeck coefficients are significantly larger than traditional thermoelectric device’s values. Meanwhile, both electrical and thermal conductivities are greater compared with literature data. Our results have proposed a feasible and economical way that can potentially increase Seebeck coefficients as to bulk Bi₂Te₃ materials without significant deterioration to the nature of Peltier effect.     

帕邢-巴克效应的简单处理

在强磁场中的单电子（价电子）原子，忽略电子的自旋一轨道相互作用，电子的自旋、轨道矢量分别绕外磁场作拉摩尔旋进而使能级分裂，从而讨论原子光谱的分裂并推出光谱分裂后的频率公式。     

过渡金属原子在半导体表面上化学吸附理论

本文研究了过渡金属原子d轨道同衬底半导体SP杂化轨道之间存在两种不同耦合系数的化学吸附问题，采用自洽的格林函数方法，计算了吸附原子d电子在强、弱耦合态的占据数，化学吸附能、电荷转移及磁性解磁矩。     

四层单电子量子点的低激发态能谱研究

用少体物理的方法研究处于外磁场中四层单电子垂直耦合量子点系统低激发态能谱随外磁场的变化关系。研究结果表明磁场的存在会导致基态出现不连续跃迁。量子点的耦合强度和电子之间的库仑相互作用对耦合量子点的基态跃迁有比较大的影响。     

Convergence of electronic bands for high performance bulk thermoelectrics

Thermoelectric generators, which directly convert heat into electricity, have long been relegated to use in space-based or other niche applications, but are now being actively considered for a variety of practical waste heat recovery systems-such as the conversion of car exhaust heat into electricity. Although these devices can be very reliable and compact, the thermoelectric materials themselves are relatively inefficient: to facilitate widespread application, it will be desirable to identify or develop materials that have an intensive thermoelectric materials figure of merit, zT, above 1.5 (ref. 1). Many different concepts have been used in the search for new materials with high thermoelectric efficiency, such as the use of nanostructuring to reduce phonon thermal conductivity, which has led to the investigation of a variety of complex material systems. In this vein, it is well known that a high valley degeneracy (typically ≤6 for known thermoelectrics) in the electronic bands is conducive to high zT, and this in turn has stimulated attempts to engineer such degeneracy by adopting low-dimensional nanostructures. Here we demonstrate that it is possible to direct the convergence of many valleys in a bulk material by tuning the doping and composition. By this route, we achieve a convergence of at least 12 valleys in doped PbTe(1-x)Se(x) alloys, leading to an extraordinary zT value of 1.8 at about 850 kelvin. Band engineering to converge the valence (or conduction) bands to achieve high valley degeneracy should be a general strategy in the search for and improvement of bulk thermoelectric materials, because it simultaneously leads to a high Seebeck coefficient and high electrical conductivity.     

电化学组装一维纳米线阵列温差电材料

低维温差电材料具有比块状温差电材料更高的优值,因而研制具有纳米线阵列结构的温差电材料对于提高材料的温差电转换效率具有重要意义.以具有纳米孔阵列结构的氧化铝多孔模板为阴极,在含有Bi 3、HTeO2 1的酸性溶液中,采用直流电沉积技术,通过在氧化铝多孔模板的纳米级微孔中沉积铋和碲,实现了一维纳米线阵列铋碲温差电材料的电化学组装.环境扫描电子显微镜(ESEM)和透射电子显微镜(TEM)的分折表明,电化学组装出的铋碲纳米线分布均匀,形状规则.铋碲纳米线的组成可方便地通过调整电沉积电位加以控制.     

Cyclotron resonance of composite fermions.

It is occasionally possible to interpret strongly interacting many-body systems within a single-particle framework by introducing suitable fictitious entities, or 'quasi-particles'. A notable recent example of the successful application of such an approach is for a two-dimensional electron system that is exposed to a strong perpendicular magnetic field. The conduction properties of the system are governed by electron-electron interactions, which cause the fractional quantum Hall effect. Composite fermions, electrons that are dressed with magnetic flux quanta pointing opposite to the applied magnetic field, were identified as apposite quasi-particles that simplify our understanding of the fractional quantum Hall effect. They precess, like electrons, along circular cyclotron orbits, but with a diameter determined by a reduced effective magnetic field. The frequency of their cyclotron motion has hitherto remained enigmatic, as the effective mass is no longer related to the band mass of the original electrons and is entirely generated from electron-electron interactions. Here we demonstrate enhanced absorption of a microwave field in the composite fermion regime, and interpret it as a resonance with the frequency of their circular motion. From this inferred cyclotron resonance, we derive a composite fermion effective mass that varies from 0.7 to 1.2 times that of the electron mass in vacuum as their density is tuned from 0.6 x 10(11) cm(-2) to 1.2 x 10(11) cm(-2).     

n型CaMnO3基氧化物热电材料研究进展

n型CaMnO3基氧化物是一种具有优异高温热电性能的n型热电材料体系,从CaMnO3基热电氧化物晶体结构、物性、电子结构、电热传输理论以及Ca位掺杂、Mn位掺杂、Ca和Mn位复合掺杂优化其电热输运性能的角度,综述了n型CaMnO3基热电氧化物的最新研究进展,给出了存在的问题和今后研究的方向.     

声子之间相互作用对磁场中晶体性质影响的研究进展

综述了近年来对电子在反冲效应中发射和吸收不同波矢的声子之间相互作用对磁场中晶体性质的影响方面的部分工作,在第一节中从磁场中电子一表面光学声子和电子一体纵光学声子系的哈密顿量出发,用线性组合算符和微扰法研究声子之间相互作用对弱耦合磁极化子的基态能量、自陷能和有效质量的影响,在第二节中研究了声子之间相互作用对与表面光学声子和体纵光学声子弱耦合的表面磁极化子的诱生势和有效质量的影响在第三节中研究了相应的声子之间相互作用对与表面光学声子耦合强,与体纵光学声子耦合弱的表面磁极化子的振动频率、诱生势和有效质量的影响,在第四节中研究了声子之间相互作用对与表面光学声子耦合强,与表面声学声子耦合弱的极性半导体中通过形变势的表面磁极化子的诱生势和有效质量的影响.     

量子体系中外场对体系熵的影响

讨论并计算了量子情况下磁场中二维电子气体系的熵，发现存在磁场时二维电子气体系的熵有可能大于无磁场时的熵，从而证明了对于在外场下的量子体系Ｂａｉｅｒｌｅｉｎ的观点不成立。     

Room-temperature electronic phase transitions in the continuous phase diagrams of perovskite manganites

Highly correlated electronic systems--such as transition-metal oxides that are doped Mott insulators--are complex systems which exhibit puzzling phenomena, including high-temperature superconductivity and colossal magnetoresistivity. Recent studies suggest that in such systems collective electronic phenomena are important, arising from long-range Coulomb interactions and magnetic effects. The qualitative behaviour of these systems is strongly dependent on charge filling (the level of doping) and the lattice constant. Here we report a time-efficient and systematic experimental approach for studying the phase diagrams of condensed-matter systems. It involves the continuous mapping of the physical properties of epitaxial thin films of perovskite manganites (a class of doped Mott insulator) as their composition is varied. We discover evidence that suggests the presence of phase boundaries of electronic origin at room temperature.     

La_(1-x)K_xMnO_3磁卡效应的研究

用溶胶法制备了Ｌａ１－ｘＭｎＯ３系列样品,经ＸＲＤ分析表明样品为单相钙钛矿结构。ＴＥＭ结果显示样品的颗粒基本呈球状,粒径约在２００～３００ｎｍ之间。利用振动样品磁强计（ＶＳＭ）测量了样品的Ｍ－Ｔ和Ｍ－Ｈ曲线,研究了样品的居里温度和最大磁熵变随掺杂量的变化规律。结果表明,当调节居里温度在室温附近时,样品在低磁场下仍具有较大的磁熵变,有望成为在室温下使用的磁制冷工质。     

脉冲远场涡流检测中磁场抑制技术

脉冲远场涡流用于飞机机身金属结构中缺陷的检测时,由于信号微弱,检测灵敏度往往不高,因此,如何实现对远场涡流的磁场抑制与信号增强,从而改进和提高其检测能力是一个关键问题。从抑制远场涡流磁场直接耦合分量的角度出发,仿真设计了带有不同屏蔽结构的传感器模型,分析了不同材料的屏蔽效果,比较了不同模型的缺陷检测灵敏度以及对大厚度平板的检测能力。研究结果表明:基于高导磁材料屏蔽盘的连通磁路传感器对直接耦合分量具有较好的抑制作用,可以拉近激励与检测线圈间的距离,提高缺陷的检测灵敏度,其对非磁性平板的检测厚度可扩展至25mm。     

稳恒电流磁场与库仑电场的关系研究

用电磁学方法证明了电流元产生元磁场的3个方程的等价性;由稳恒电流元的磁场表达式导出了元磁场与载流电荷元产生的库仑电场的关系。讨论了该表达式的物理意义,指出,该表达式明确指出稳恒磁场是由电荷的定向运动产生的;稳恒磁场是以光速传播的,为否定＂超距作用＂的观点提供了新的依据。认为v×dE/c2表示了库仑电场力的无功功率,由此可知,稳恒电流的磁场可以由载流电荷库仑力的无功功率表示。这样的结果有利于初学电磁学的人正确理解磁场的产生、来源和传播。讨论了运用新的表达式求解磁场的方法,指出,运用电荷密度与载流子定向运动速度的乘积等于电流密度和点电荷的库仑场表达式的方法求解磁场甚为方便,如此做法可以省去传统的求解磁场必须掌握的复杂计算方法。并由此推断超导载流子的平均定向运动速度远远大于正常导体内载流子的定向运动速度,否则,超导电流不可能产生几十个特斯拉的磁场。