Antennae and the role of olfaction and contact stimulation in mate recognition by males of the pollinating fig wasp Ceratosolen gravelyi (Hymenoptera: Agaonidae)

Finding a mate is a crucial step in sexual reproduction. The mutualism between figs and their pollinators is exploited by many figwasps that develop within their galls and attain sexual maturity simultaneously. Male pollinators carry the specific burden of detecting and opening mating holes in galls containing conspecific females before mating with them. The mating behaviourand antennal sensilla of male pollinators associated with Ficus semicordata was investigated to understand mate recognition. Male Ceratosolen gravelyi located female-containing galls from a distance, but only attempted to chew a mating hole after antennal contact with the gall surface was made. They showed similar responses to females and body extracts but failed to respond to washed female bodies. This behaviour indicates that unidentified chemicals present on the body surfaces of females are sufficient to elicit olfactory attraction and tactile confirmation. Multiporous plate sensilla are candidates for olfactory reception from a distance while basiconic sensilla may be involved in contact chemoreceptor. All of the sensilla are highly localised, on the distal part of the terminal flagellomere, suggesting a response to selection for strong directionality in the complex odour environment of the fig in which messages produced by hundreds of females may confuse precise mate localisation.     

贵州山核桃ISSR-PCR反应体系建立及优化

为建立贵州山核桃ISSR-PCR最佳反应体系,采用单因素试验的方法,对影响ISSR-PCR反应体系的模板DNA浓度、MgCl2浓度、d NTPs浓度、Taq酶用量、引物浓度等各因素进行了研究,确立了贵州山核桃ISSR-PCR的最佳反应体系。结果显示:最优反应体系的模板DNA浓度为40ng/u L、引物浓度为0.3umol/L、Mg2+的浓度2.9mmol/L、酶浓度0.3U、d NTPs浓度0.2mmol/L,退火温度为54℃。建立该反应体系可为贵州山核桃ISSR标记开发、物种分类鉴定、遗传图谱构建等后续分析奠定基础。     

Geochemistry of Clayey Aquitard Pore Water as Archive of Paleo-Environment,Western Bohai Bay

The record of paleo-environment in clayey aquitard pore water is much more effective relative to aquifer groundwater owing to the low permeability of clayey aquitard. Oxygen-18 (18O), deuterium (D), an...     

注CO_2置换煤层CH_4试验研究

利用屯留矿和寺河矿圆柱体原煤试样,进行不同注入压力条件下注CO2置换CH4试验,研究分析了置换过程中气体的吸附特性及注入压力对CO2置换效果的影响,提出了低孔隙压力条件时具有更好的置换效果。研究结果表明,同等条件下,置换平衡后煤体吸附CO2气体能力远强于CH4;煤体中CH4体积比随注入压力的降低而减小,而CO2体积比则呈现相反趋势;在8MPa围压条件下,随着注入压力的升高,CH4产出率呈线性关系降低,CO2置换比呈指数关系减小,显示出在试验压力范围内,低压条件下的CO2置换效果更佳;同等条件时,相对于试验中的无烟煤,贫瘦煤置换效果更好。     

“高锰酸钾的制备”实验研究

大学本科无机制备课程中,"高锰酸钾的制备"实验采用固体碱熔法先制备锰酸钾,再用6.0 mol/L的HAc溶液歧化,经过滤、蒸发浓缩、结晶,得到产品.由于反应条件难掌握,学生实验成功率较低,产品纯度差,产率也低.基于此,对影响产品质量和产率的因素如碱熔条件、歧化反应pH值、蒸发浓缩方式、浓缩体积等进行了深入研究,在优化条件下制得的产品晶型好,产率高.     

Spatial dependence model with feature difference

This paper presents a new spatial dependence model with an adjustment of feature difference. The model accounts for the spatial autocorrelation in both the outcome variables and residuals. The feature difference adjustment in the model helps to emphasize feature changes across neighboring units, while suppressing unobserved covariates that are present in the same neighborhood. The prediction at a given unit incorporates components that depend on the differences between the values of its main features and those of its neighboring units. In contrast to conventional spatial regression models, our model does not require a comprehensive list of global covariates necessary to estimate the outcome variable at the unit, as common macro-level covariates are differenced away in the regression analysis. Using the real estate market data in Hong Kong, we applied Gibbs sampling to determine the posterior distribution of each model parameter. The result of our empirical analysis confirms that the adjustment of feature difference with an inclusion of the spatial error autocorrelation produces better out-of-sample prediction performance than other conventional spatial dependence models. In addition, our empirical analysis can identify components with more significant contributions.     

量子点敏化太阳能电池ZnO光阳极的制备及性能

先用水热法合成ZnO颗粒, 再用溶胶 凝胶法将ZnO颗粒制备成量子点敏化太阳能电池光阳极, 并通过X射线衍射(XRD)、 扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、 透射电子显微镜(TEM)、 紫外-可见吸收光谱(UV-Vis)和光电流密度 电压曲线分析不同厚度的六方纤锌矿型ZnO光阳极对量子点敏化太阳能电池性能的影响. 结果表明, 增加量子点的吸附面积可使ZnO光阳极的UV-Vis谱吸收带边红移, 进而提升太阳能电池的光电转换效率.     

Processing and characterization of the microstructure and mechanical properties of Al6061–TiB2 composite

In the present research, aluminum metal matrix composites were processed by the stir casting technique. The effects of TiB2 rein-forcement particles, severe plastic deformation through accumulative roll bonding (ARB), and aging treatment on the microstructural charac-teristics and mechanical properties were also evaluated. Uniaxial tensile tests and microhardness measurements were conducted, and the micro-structural characteristics were investigated. Notably, the important problems associated with cast samples, including nonuniformity of the rein-forcement particles and high porosity content, were solved through the ARB process. At the initial stage, particle-free zones, as well as particle clusters, were observed on the microstructure of the composite. However, after the ARB process, fracturing phenomena occurred in brittle ceramic particles, followed by breaking down of the fragments into fine particles as the number of rolling cycles increased. Subsequently, com-posites with a uniform distribution of particles were produced. Moreover, the tensile strength and microhardness of the ARB-processed com-posites increased with the increase in the reinforcement mass fraction. However, their ductility exhibited a different trend. With post-deforma-tion aging treatment (T6), the mechanical properties of composites were improved because of the formation of fine Mg2Si precipitates.     

可自修复的高延性混凝土(ECC)在机场道面的适用性分析

在飞机荷载与环境荷载长期共同作用下,机场道面易出现裂缝、接缝和竖向位移类病害,使运营阶段维修成本高.提出将具有自修复功能的高延性水泥基材料(ECC)用于机场道面,以控制裂缝发展、实现无缝连接;并利用ECC因二次反应而使微裂缝愈合的特性,减少路面维护工作,延长使用寿命.通过试验手段研究了ECC材料应用于机场道面的力学行为、自修复行为和早期开裂潜能.试验结果表明:机场道面用ECC材料在拉伸荷载作用下,其拉伸应变可达3.67％(约为普遍混凝土的400倍);在弯曲荷载作用下,其竖向弯曲变形可达6.33 mm;抗压强度与弯曲强度分别为43.9 MPa和12.68 MPa,可满足机场道面的使用要求.在受约束条件下,ECC表现出较低的早期开裂潜能.由于自修复能力,裂损ECC的拉伸刚度、拉伸应变与拉伸强度几乎可恢复至未裂时的程度;其水渗透系数随自修复进程逐渐降低,最终达到未裂时的渗透水平.研究结果表明ECC材料用于无缝机场道面具有较高适用性.