梨小食心虫性诱剂的合成及大田生测

1976年合成了梨小食心虫性诱剂,顺-8-十二碳烯醇醋酸酯,从1978年春开始到1979年秋在四川省三十四个果园中进行了田间诱蛾试验,试验结果表明:合成的梨小食心虫性诱剂,具有强烈的诱蛾活性,在顺-8-十二碳烯醇醋酸酯中,加入少量反式异构体时能显著提高诱蛾活性,当反式异构体的含量为8—12％时活性最高,作为测报工具与常用的糖醋液及黑光灯对比显示出性诱剂具有突出的优越性。     

植物气味化合物与斜纹夜蛾性信息素的协同作用

为提高现有性信息素对雄蛾的引诱活性,本研究通过大量的田间试验探索植物气味化合物与斜纹夜蛾Spodoptera litura性信息素(顺9,反11-十四碳二烯乙酸酯∶顺9,反12-十四碳二烯乙酸酯=10∶1)的协同作用机制。从斜纹夜蛾寄主植物和花的气味化合物中,选择9种有代表性的化合物,并以一定剂量分别加入到斜纹夜蛾性信息素诱芯中,在田间测试对雄蛾的引诱活性。结果表明:在测试的9种植源性化合物中,发现一定剂量(每个诱芯加入0.4mg)的苯乙醛(PAA),具有显著提高斜纹夜蛾性信息素的引诱作用,而高剂量的苯乙醛则强烈抑制性信息素的引诱活性;此外,其他各种浓度的测试化合物或混合物对性信息素则没有统计上显著的增效作用。不同剂量的苯乙醛单个化合物及各种植物气味化合物组成的混合物对斜纹夜蛾也有微弱的引诱作用。苯乙醛必须要与性信息素的完整组分(以10∶1比例混合的顺9,反11-十四碳二烯乙酸酯和顺9反,12-十四碳二烯乙酸酯)混合才能起作用,缺少顺9,反12-十四碳二烯乙酸酯则没有引诱活性。本研究证明,苯乙醛作为理想的性信息素诱芯增效剂,可应用于建立更理想的斜纹夜蛾性信息素诱杀技术,对性诱害虫防治和测报具有应用价值。     

红砂7种挥发物对槐绿虎天牛成虫的引诱活性

为了研制高效的槐绿虎天牛诱剂,从其成虫寄主植物红砂的挥发物中选取7种化合物,即苯乙醛、2-戊醇、2-戊酮、环庚三烯、异丁酸异丁酯、甲基丙烯酸甲酯和氢乙酰胺,分别研究单一组分和多组分配方对槐绿虎天牛的触角电位(EAG)、嗅觉行为和野外诱集效应.结果表明,7种单一组分中,槐绿虎天牛雌、雄虫均对体积分数为1.000 0%的苯乙醛有最大的EAG反应相对值和相对选择率,体积分数为0.100 0%的2-戊醇和0.010 0%的2-戊酮对雌、雄虫也有较高的引诱活性,其他4种化合物则活性较低甚至具有驱避作用.以3种引诱活性较高的化合物制成的4种复合配方中,配方M(苯乙醛和2-戊酮的体积比为1∶1)和配方N(苯乙醛和2-戊醇的体积比为1∶1)对槐绿虎天牛具有较高的引诱活性和较好的野外诱集效果,且引诱活性高于单一组分.     

红缘天牛成虫对葡萄挥发物的EAG和行为反应

为了研制对红缘天牛成虫具有较强引诱活性的诱剂,从其寄主植物葡萄的植株中选取6种挥发物,即1-戊烯-3-醇、亚油酸甲酯、4-甲基-1-戊醇、反式-2-己烯-1-醇、罗勒烯和乙酸乙酯,以前5种为单组分诱剂,并且将它们与乙酸乙酯按照不同组分和比例配制成14种多组分配方,用来测试红缘天牛成虫对这些诱剂的触角电位(EAG)和嗅觉行为反应.结果表明:对雌虫的EAG测试中,只有1-戊烯-3-醇的引诱活性较大,与对照相比差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);行为反应测试中,组合配方P1、P2、P3和P8、反式-2-己烯-1-醇对雌虫的引诱活性较大.雄虫的EAG反应结果中,亚油酸甲酯、4-甲基-1-戊醇、1-戊烯-3醇、P1等都对雄虫具有EAG活性,但只有亚油酸甲酯和4-甲基-1-戊醇与对照之间的差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);行为反应方面,罗勒烯、4-甲基-1-戊醇、P1、P2和P3等对雄虫具有引诱活性,罗勒烯的活性最大.由此认为,对于雌虫,组合配方的引诱活性总体上要好于单一组分;对于雄虫,单一组分的引诱活性要好于组合配方.     

牛心朴子挥发物对槐绿虎天牛的引诱活性

为了研制高效且环境友好的槐绿虎天牛成虫诱剂,以生长于西鄂尔多斯高原国家级自然保护区的牛心朴子为来源植物,选取该种植物的5种挥发物,即丙二醇甲醚醋酸酯、糠醛、苯甲醛、乙酸-4-叔丁基环己基酯和1,3-丁二醇,研究单一组分和复合配方对槐绿虎天牛的引诱活性,测试项目包括EAG反应、嗅觉行为和野外诱集实验.结果表明,丙二醇甲醚醋酸酯、1,3-丁二醇和乙酸-4-叔丁基环己基酯对槐绿虎天牛雌、雄虫均有一定的引诱活性,但效果不显著,同对照物(石蜡)之间的差异不具有统计学意义(P0.05),苯甲醛和糠醛有忌避作用.以前3种化合物为组分配制的7种复合配方中,配方P1(体积分数为0.100 0%的丙二醇甲醚醋酸酯和0.010 0%的乙酸-4-叔丁基环己基酯等体积混合)的引诱活性最好,其次是P5(体积分数为2.500 0%的丙二醇甲醚醋酸酯和0.010 0%的乙酸-4-叔丁基环己基酯等体积混合),这2种配方对槐绿虎天牛的EAG、嗅觉行为和野外诱集效果均优于单一化合物和其他复合配方.牛心朴子挥发物中,丙二醇甲醚醋酸酯和乙酸-4-叔丁基环己基酯可以作为研制槐绿虎天牛诱剂的备选化合物.     

不同信息化合物对人工杨树林天牛科昆虫的诱集效果

采用黑色漏斗诱捕器，选用天牛亚科公用信息素C6-Ketol(K6)、C8-Ketol(K8)、S,S-2,3-hexandiol(SS)、Ethanol(E)、Manuka oil pouch(Ma)和空白处理(BLANK)对吉林双辽人工杨树林天牛科昆虫进行诱捕试验，共采集到天牛科昆虫92头，隶属3亚科6种.单因素方差分析显示，不同信息化合物仅对家茸天牛(F₍(6,49))=0.686,P<0.05)的诱集活性存在显著差异，对天牛科昆虫诱集的物种平均数和个体平均数差异均不显著(P>0.05);相似性系数分析显示，K6+E诱芯与K8+E诱芯、Ma+E诱芯、E诱芯、K6+K8+SS+Ma+E诱芯的相似水平在中等相似以上；时间动态分析显示，天牛科昆虫个体数量在8月9日达到峰值，K6+E诱芯在诱集群落和优势种的效率上均为最高.由此可知，在监测、调查或防治人工杨树林天牛科昆虫时，可以选用K6+E诱芯.     

信息化合物诱芯对阔叶红松混交林中天牛科昆虫的诱集效果

于2013、2014年在吉林省蛟河林业实验区管理局阔叶红松混交林样地内布设配有天牛亚科昆虫公用信息素和乙醇诱芯的飞翔拦截诱捕器阵列采集天牛科昆虫成虫,测试各诱芯及其组合对天牛物种的诱集活性。2 a的野外诱集试验表明:诱芯及其组合对四点象天牛、凹缘金花天牛、异色蜓尾花天牛、蓝突肩花天牛、锯天牛、赤胸扁鞘天牛、栎丽虎天牛和棍腿纹虎天牛的诱集活性存在显著的差异。不同诱芯及其组合诱集到的天牛昆虫物种组成不同,且各诱芯组合诱集到的天牛物种平均数量和个体平均数量均差异显著。配以信息素3-羟基-2-己酮、3-羟基-2-辛酮诱芯的诱捕器对多种天牛亚科昆虫具有诱集活性,同时也表明其对沟胫天牛亚科和花天牛亚科的一些种类也具有引诱活性;在天牛科昆虫的调查和监测中,使用天牛亚科信息素和高释放率乙醇诱芯可显著地提高诱集调查效率。同此前研究,阔叶红松混交林中的沟胫天牛亚科、花天牛亚科和天牛亚科的种类最多、多度最高。研究表明,使用配以天牛亚科信息素和乙醇诱芯的诱捕器可有效地监测这些天牛种类的种群动态。     

(E)-3-芳亚甲基色满酮类化合物的快速合成及其抑真菌活性

在微波辐射下,通过色满酮与芳香醛的缩合反应,快速合成了12个新的(E)-3-芳亚甲基色满酮类化合物2a～2l.所有化合物结构均经IR,1 H NMR,13 C NMR及元素分析确认.初步的抑菌活性测定结果表明:目标化合物在质量浓度100mg/L下对5种供试的植物病原真菌表现出不同程度的抑菌活性.其中化合物(E)-6-氯-3-(2,4-二氯苯基)亚甲基色满酮2c对梨黑斑病菌抑制活性最强,抑制率为68.2%.     

对-(二(2-氯乙基))胺基苯甲醛改进的一步合成法

报道了由N,N-二羟乙基苯胺一步法合成对-(二(2-氯乙基))胺基苯甲醛.DMF与POCl3于0℃下搅拌反应45min,再于0℃下一次性加入N,N-二羟乙基苯胺的DMF溶液并搅拌,慢慢升温至110℃,继续反应2h得到标题化合物.反应物料比分别是:n(N,N-二羟乙基苯胺)∶n(POCl3)=1∶3.3,mt(总的DMF)∶m(N,N-二羟乙基苯胺)=4∶1,m1(POCl3加入前烧瓶中的DMF)∶m2(溶解N,N-二羟乙基苯胺的DMF)=3∶1.对-(二(2-氯乙基))胺基苯甲醛的产率为95.6%.     

镀Ni废水回收Ni（OH）2在Ni电极材料中的应用

将化学沉淀法回收电镀Ni废液得到的Ni(OH)2作为镍氢电池的正极材料,研究电极各组分对电池充放电性能的影响,并将回收的Ni(OH)2与购买的Ni(OH)2进行对比。实验结果表明:较优的Ni电极组分配比为m(Ni(OH)2)∶m(Ni粉)∶m(乙炔黑)∶m(60%的聚四氟乙烯乳液)=80∶12∶7∶1,电解液浓度为5 mol/L的KOH溶液。所制备电极中回收Ni(OH)2的放电比容量为185.04 mA.h/g,高于购买的Ni(OH)2的放电比容量,且在0.1C倍率下循环性能稳定。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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