盐酸环丙沙星中间体氟氯苯乙酮的合成研究

介绍了盐酸环丙沙星的中间体2，4-二氯-5-氟苯乙酮合成的研究进展，从合成方法、反应机理和合成工艺三个方面对合成2，4-二氯-5-氟苯乙酮的研究进行了综述，指出了下一步研究的主要方向是催化剂的改进及减量化。     

4-氟邻苯二酚的合成

以对氟苯酚为原料，在浓硫酸催化下，经乙酸酐酯化反应生成乙酸对氟苯酯；乙酸对氟苯酯在三氯化铝作用下，发生Fries重排反应，生成5-氟-2-羟基苯乙酮；再经Dakin氧化合成了4-氟邻苯二酚。此路线总收率为45．4％，且产品及其中间体经IR、^1H NMR和MS等谱图确证。整个路线，原料易得，条件温和，产率较高。适合于以后的进一步工业化生产研究。     

盐酸环丙沙星中间体氟氯苯乙酮的合成研究

介绍了盐酸环丙沙星的中间体2,4 -二氯 -5 -氟苯乙酮合成的研究进展 ,从合成方法、反应机理和合成工艺三个方面对合成2,4-二氯 -5 -氟苯乙酮的研究进行了综述 ,指出了下一步研究的主要方向是催化剂的改进及减量化     

2’，4＇-二氟-2-（1H-1，2，4-三唑-1-基）苯乙酮的合成

在相转移催化剂存在的条件下，以1，2，4-三氮唑和2-氯-2’，4’-二氟苯乙酮为原料合成2’，4’-二氟-2-（1H-1，2，4-三唑-1-基）苯乙酮，分别讨论了原料配比、反应时间、缚酸剂、溶剂对合成反应的影响，确定了最佳合成工艺条件，产物收率可达82．6％。     

1-环丙基-6,7-二氟-8-甲氧基-1,4-二氢-4-氧代喹啉-3-羧酸乙酯的制备

合成1-环丙基-6，7-二氟-8-甲氧基-1，4-二氢-4-氧代喹啉-3-羧酸乙酯．以四氟邻苯二甲酸为起始原料，经水解、部分脱羧、甲基化、酸化得到中间体2，4，5-三氟-3-甲氧基苯甲酸．中间体再经酰氯化、缩合、脱羧、醚化、环丙胺置换，环合得本品．实验收率为37．7％，本法工艺简单，易操作．     

4—二氟甲氧基—2—硝基苯胺的制备

对氨基苯酚在TEBA相转移催化下,与氟里昂-22进行醚化反应制得对二氟甲氧基苯胺（2）,2用乙酸酐乙酰化得对二氟甲氧基乙酰苯胺（3）,3经浓H2SO4和浓HNO3混酸硝化得N-（2-硝基-4-二氟甲氧基）苯基乙酰胺（4）,最后在室温下直接以NaOH水溶液将4水解得标题化合物1,总收率达到30%,研究了不同条件对醚化反应的影响,获得了合成2的最佳工艺。     

2,4-二氟硝基苯合成的气相色谱监测

本文以二苯并-18-冠-6为固定液，对2，4-二氟硝基苯合成过程的原料及产品进行了分析。该法简便、快速、准确．     

氟代芳基碳酸酯与氨基甲酸酯中氢键的理论研究

运用 AIM理论在 B97D 水平上计算了2-丁炔-1，4-二基二（2，3，4，5，6-五氟苯基碳酸酯）1，2-丁炔-1，4-二基二（4-氟苯基碳酸酯）2及2-丁炔-1，4-二基二（2，3，4，5，6-五氟苯氨基甲酸酯）3中的分子间有机氟 C -H…F -C 氢键．这些分子间氢键为闭壳相互作用．尽管晶体1中 H…F 距离接近经典氢键，但是该有机氟氢键仍为弱氢键．NBO 分析表明，研究的有机氟 C -H…F -C 氢键存在明显的电荷转移，用电荷转移合理地解释了分子1采取顺式结构．     

3,5-二氯-4-氟三氟甲苯的合成

目的研究3,5-二氯-4-氟三氟甲苯的合成工艺。方法以3,4,5-三氯-三氟甲苯和氟化钾为原料通过相转移催化合成目标产物。结果确定了反应的最佳条件为反应物物质的量比n(3,4,5-三氯-三氟甲苯)∶n(氟化钾)=1∶1.5,催化剂与原料质量比m(PEG-600)∶m(原料)=0.5～0.7∶100,原料与溶剂环丁砜(TMSO2)体积比为1∶3～3.5,190～195℃反应12 h,原料转化率大于87%,收率80%,产品纯度大于98%(质量分数)。结论为工业化生产3,5-二氯-4-氟三氟甲苯提供了依据。     

基于萘二酰胺衍生物的氟离子荧光传感器

设计合成了一个以萘酰胺衍生物为荧光团,硫脲基团为键合基团的荧光化学传感器1.化学传感器1对氟离子表现出了较好的荧光响应性.随着氟离子浓度的增加,荧光强度先表现为增强,这是由于氟离子加入后可以和化学传感器1中硫脲基团上的氢原子形成氢键,从而增强了萘酰胺4-位取代基的给电子能力.随着氟离子浓度的继续增加,化学传感器1表现为荧光强度的降低.在对磷酸二氢根离子的实验中,化学传感器1则没有表现出较明显的荧光变化.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.