As2O3对脐血红系祖细胞HOXB6基因表达的调控作用

目的：探讨脐血造血干祖细胞向红系祖细胞增殖过程中HOXB6mRNA表达及As2O3对HOXB6mRNA表达的影响．方法：①采用外培养技术,以As2O3干扰造血干祖细胞,观察HSPC经促红素诱导后,CFU-E集落生成情况．②采用实时荧光定量HR技术检测造血祖细胞增殖分化过程中HOXB6基因的表达．结果：①造血于祖细胞红系祖细胞增殖过程中,各组细胞HOXB6基因均表达,②与正常对照组比较,As2O3可下调HOXB6基因的表达．结论：①HOXB6可能是造血干祖细胞向红系祖细胞增殖分化中的调控基因之一．②As2O3能下调HOXB6基因的表达．     

补肾和解复方对再障患者CD34+细胞造血干/祖细胞调节作用的实验研究

目的:探索补肾和解方对再障患者CD34 造血干/祖细胞的刺激增殖和诱导分化作用.方法:采用免疫磁珠法(MACS)分离纯化再障患者骨髓CD34 细胞,造血细胞半固体和液体培养体系加入不同度补和解方制剂,检测对CD34 造血干/祖细胞增殖,形成祖细胞集落的提高率,并用流式细胞仪检测液体培养后细胞表面标记的变化.结果:补肾和解复方制剂(5～100μg.mL)能提高BFU-E、CFU-E、CFU-GEMM集落产率,补肾和解复方制剂50μg/mL是液体培养刺激CD34 细胞体外增殖的最佳浓度.补肾和解复方制剂诱导细胞14天后,细胞表面表达CD334 细胞随补肾和解复方制剂的浓度升高而增加,在补肾和解复方制剂的浓度升高而增加,在补肾和解复方制剂100μg/mL时以CD15 细胞数最高,CD71 细胞和G-A 细胞数仅在50μg/mL高于未加补肾和解复方制剂的对照组.结论:补肾和解复方制剂不但能促进再障患者CD34 造血干/祖细胞的增殖,并且能诱导定向分化,具有类生长因子和协同生长因子的作用.     

阿胶酶解成分对贫血小鼠造血系统的保护机制

运用5-氟脲嘧啶制备的小鼠贫血模型研究降解分离后所得阿胶有效组分A、B的升高红、白血球的作用机制.结果显示:体外消化液中提取的A、B组分能促进贫血小鼠外周血白细胞和红细胞的升高,促进骨髓和脾造血干/祖细胞集落BFU-E,CFU-E,CFU-GM的增加,提高外周血GM-CSF,IL-6,EPO的含量,降低负相造血因子INF-γ、TGF-β含量,刺激肝和肾EPO和GMCSF mRNA表达.从而说明从体外模拟人胃、肠的消化系统分离的阿胶组分A、B能够刺激造血.该有效补血活性成分的升高红、白血球的作用机制可能与保护贫血小鼠造血微环境和造血干、祖细胞,刺激髓外造血器官相关造血细胞因子表达有关.     

全反式维甲酸对小鼠胚胎不同阶段神经干细胞诱导作用研究

目的:探讨全反式维甲酸对小鼠胚胎不同阶段神经干细胞(NSCs)的诱导分化情况.方法:分离孕12.5d及15.5d的胚胎小鼠脑皮质.取第3代NSCs,用含1μmol·L-1的全反式维甲酸在体外诱导小鼠胚胎不同阶段的NSCs.诱导5d后,通过神经元微管相关蛋白2(MAP2)免疫荧光染色和Westernblots检测NSCs分化为神经元的比例.结果:与对照组相比,全反式维甲酸可明显提高神经元分化的比例.E12.5干细胞和E15.5胚胎干细胞分化为神经元的比例分别为30%±1.47%和16.21%±1.36%.结论全反式维甲酸具有显著的促神经干细胞分化成神经元的效应,并对胚胎不同阶段神经干细胞的诱导作用有所不同.     

维甲酸镍配合物(Ni(RA)2·3H2O)抗白血病HL-60细胞的研究

为了开发一种新型高效的维甲类抗癌药物,在无水、无氧、避光条件下合成了维甲酸镍的配合物,通过元素分析、摩尔电导、红外光谱、紫外光谱、差热及核磁共振氢谱测定了配合物的组成、结构和性质,其分子式为Ni(RA)2·3H2O.采用MTT比色法、克隆形成法及NBT还原试验分别研究了该配合物及全反式维甲酸(ATRA)对HL 60细胞增殖及分化的影响.结果表明,二者均能抑制HL 60细胞增殖并诱导其分化,尤其该配合物的作用明显强于全反式维甲酸(p<0.01).同时采用MTT比色法研究了维甲酸与配合物对正常Vero细胞的毒性,发现配合物对该细胞生长无明显抑制作用,与对照组相比p>0.05.     

Y(RA)3·4H2O的合成及其抗白血病HL-60细胞的研究

在避光、无水、无氧条件下合成了维甲酸钇的配合物,通过元素分析、摩尔电导、红外光谱、紫外光谱、差热及热重分析对配合物的结构和性质进行了表征,其分子式为Y(RA)3@4H2O.采用MTT比色法及NBT还原试验分别研究了该配合物及全反式维甲酸(HRA)对HL-60细胞增殖的影响.结果表明,二者均具有抑制HL-60细胞增殖及诱导其分化的作用,尤其配合物对HL-60细胞的作用很明显,优于全反式维甲酸(P＜0.01).     

人脐带间充质干细胞对小鼠衰老进程中骨髓细胞集落生成的影响

目的:探讨人脐带间充质干细胞(hUC-MSC)对小鼠衰老进程中骨髓造血干祖细胞增殖能力的影响.方法:由足月新生儿脐带分离间充质细胞(MSC)作供体,6月龄Balb/c小鼠为受体,将小鼠随机分为实验组和对照组,实验组输注MSC(5×10~5/只),每月1次,共4次;对照组输注生理盐水.干预开始后第3个月和第6个月分别比较两组的单侧股骨骨髓有核细胞计数(BMNC)、造血祖细胞集落培养(CFU-GM、CFU-E、CFU-MK)和外源性脾集落形成单位计数(CFU-S).结果:干预后第3个月时,实验组BMNC、CFU-GM和CFU-MK高于对照组,而CFU-E和CFU-S无明显差别;干预后第6个月时,实验组的上述指标均明显高于对照组,且随着衰老出现下降的速度明显慢于对照组,差异有显著性(P<0.05).结论:定期输注hUC-MSC可以相对增加宿主自身造血干祖细胞的生物学活性,从而延缓小鼠造血组织的自然衰老进程.     

Sox9基因转染诱导L6大鼠成肌细胞向软骨细胞表型分化的研究

利用脂质体转染法,将真核表达质粒pcDNA3.1-Sox9导入L6胞中.通过细胞增殖检测、细胞形态学观察、标志基因表达分析和甲苯胺蓝染色等方法分析Sox9基因转染对L6细胞增殖和向成软骨方向分化的诱导作用.结果表明,Sox9基因转染对L6细胞的增殖能力没有影响,但能明显抑制L6细胞相互融合形成肌管.和对照相比,Sox9基因转染后,细胞成肌分化标志基因Myf5的表达受到明显抑制,而成软骨分化标志基因Ⅱ型胶原（type Ⅱ collagen ,Col2a1）和蛋白聚糖（Aggrecan,Agg）的表达显著     

转录因子GATA—1基因在白血病中的表达

转录因子ＧＡＴＡ家族在造血细胞的正常发育中起着重要的作用。利用聚合酶链反应方法分析了１１６例各种白血病中红系统特异转录因子ＧＡＴＡ－１的表达情况。ＡＮＬＬ、ＣＭＬ、Ｃ－ＡＬＬ和ＣＬＬ中的表达率分别为４３．７５％、８８．２４％、１４．２９％和３３．３３％；３例Ｔ－ＡＬＬ均不表达该基因。     

Expression of cell-surface HLA-DR, HLA-ABC and glycophorin during erythroid differentiation

The unexpected discovery that Ia-like (HLA-DR) antigens in humans were present on blast cells from acute myeloblastic leukaemia led to the finding that normal granulocytic progenitors, in contrast to their mature descendents, also expressed HLA-DR antigens. Thus, anti-Ia sera stain a proportion of myeloblasts in normal bone marrow, inhibit myeloid progenitor (CFU-GM) colony formation in the presence of complement and can be used to label and separate CFU-GM on a fluorescence-activated cell sorter (FACS). Winchester et al. subsequently reported that erythroid progenitors (BFU-E and CFU-E) were also inhibited or killed by anti-Ia (p28,37) and complement. These observations raised the possibility that HLA-DR (or presumptive I-region equivalent) products might have a regulatory role in early haematopoiesis. We have now analysed HLA-DR and HLA-ABC antigen expression on normal erythroid progenitors using monoclonal antibodies to non-polymorphic determinants and fluorescence-activated cell sorting. In parallel experiments, we tested a monoclonal antibody to glycophorin, a well defined erythroid-specific cell-surface membrane glycoprotein. We report that HLA-DR, HLA-ABC and glycophorin are all expressed at various stages during erythroid differentiation.     

Erythropoietin-stimulated erythropoiesis in long-term bone marrow culture.

The proliferation of multipotential haematopoietic stem cells (CFU-S) is possible in some long-term bone marrow cultures. Granulocyte and macrophage progenitor (CFU-C) and megakaryocyte precursor cells (CFU-M) are present in these cultures and undergo full development into mature cells. In contrast, while immature erythroid progenitors ('early' BFU-E) are maintained in long-term culture, none of the more differentiated progeny (CFU-E) have been detected, and no morphologically recognisable erythroid cells have been observed. We now describe a modified culture system in which the 'early' BFU-E develop into 'late' BFU-E in response to added erythropoietin. Further maturation of these cells into CFU-E and non-nucleated erythrocytes can be achieved by mechanical agitation of the long-term cultures or by transferring the cells into dishes which do not allow cell attachment to occur.     

Stimulation of multipotential, erythroid and other murine haematopoietic progenitor cells by adherent cell lines in the absence of detectable multi-CSF (IL-3)

It is well established that murine multipotential and committed erythroid progenitor cells require the presence of a glycoprotein, termed multi-CSF (multi-colony-stimulating factor, IL-3) for clonal proliferation and differentiation in vitro. The initial proliferation of these cells can also be stimulated by two other glycoproteins, granulocyte-macrophage CSF (GM-CSF) and granulocyte CSF (G-CSF), although continued proliferation and differentiation requires the subsequent presence of multi-CSF. Here we report the stimulation of multipotential, erythroid and other haematopoietic progenitor cells by a number of adherent cell lines including a cloned bone marrow cell line (B.Ad). The positive cell lines, as feeder layers, exhibit colony-stimulating, erythropoietin-like and burst-promoting (BPA) activities. Optimal erythropoietic stimulation by the B.Ad line requires close cell-cell contact. The cell lines also support the in vitro clonal growth of multipotential colony-forming cells and progenitors of six other haematopoietic lineages. The biological activities observed seem not to be mediated by known multipotential or erythroid colony-stimulating factors (multi-CSF, IL-3, MCGF, HCGF, PSF, BPA).     

Recombinant human TNF induces production of granulocyte-monocyte colony-stimulating factor

Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) is synthesized by macrophages exposed to endotoxin. It produces haemorrhagic necrosis of a variety of tumours in mice and is cytostatic or cytocidal against various transformed cell lines in vitro, but viability of normal human or rodent cells is unaffected. The role of TNF is unlikely to be restricted to the rejection of tumours. Colony-stimulating factors (CSFs) are required for survival, proliferation and differentiation of haematopoietic progenitor cells. The haematopoietic growth factor known as granulocyte-monocyte colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) has the ability to stimulate proliferation and differentiation of normal granulocyte-monocyte and eosinophil stem cells and enhance the proliferation of pluripotent, megakaryocyte and erythroid stem cells. In addition, GM-CSF stimulates a variety of functional activities in mature granulocytes and macrophages, for example inhibition of migration, phagocytosis of microbes, oxidative metabolism, and antibody-dependent cytotoxic killing of tumour cells. We show here that TNF markedly stimulates production of GM-CSF messenger RNA and protein in normal human lung fibroblasts and vascular endothelial cells, and in cells of several malignant tissues.     

Induction of embryonic stem cells to hematopoietic cells in vitro

In order to get hematopoietic cells from embryonic stem (ES) cells and to study development mechanisms of hematopoietic cells, the method of inducing embryonic stem cells to hematopoietic cells was explored by differenciating mouse ES cells and human embryonic cells in three stages. The differentiated cells were identified by flow cytometry, immunohistochemistry and Wright's staining. The results showed that embryoid bodies (EBs) could form when ES cells were cultured in the medium with 2-mercaptoethanol (2-ME). However, cytokines, such as stem cell factor (SCF), thrombopoietin (TPO), interleukin-3 (IL-3), interleukin-6 (IL-6), erythropoietin (EPO) and granular colony stimulating factor (G-CSF), were not helpful for forming EBs. SCF, TPO and embryonic cell conditional medium were useful for the differentiation of mouse EBs to hematopoietic progenitors. Eighty-six percent of these cells were CD34+ after 6-d culture. Hematopoietic progenitors differentiated to B lymphocytes when they were cocultured with primary bone marrow stroma cells in the DMEM medium with SCF and IL-6. 14 d later, most of the cells were CD34-CD38+. Wright's staining and immunohistochemistry showed that 80% of these cells were plasma-like morphologically and immunoglubolin positive. The study of hematopoietic cells from human embryonic cells showed that human embryonic cell differentiation was very similar to that of mouse ES cells. They could form EBs in the first stage and the CD34 positive cells account for about 48.5% in the second stage.     

ROZ与ATRA联合应用对MCF-7细胞诱导作用

研究PPART激动剂罗格列酮（ROZ）与全反式维甲酸（ATRA）联合应用诱导MCF-7细胞发生分化和凋亡的作用,阐述PPARγ激活后的抗肿瘤作用和机制．采用克隆原形成实验测定两化合物对MCF-7细胞存活率的影响;采用诱导分化实验测定两化合物对MCF-7细胞分化的影响;并进一步应用RT—PCR分析两化合物对MCF-7细胞相关基因表达的影响．集落形成实验显示,两化合物联合应用后,能明显抑制MCF-7细胞的生长．诱导分化实验表明,ROZ在低剂量时促进MCF-7细胞的分化,而随着剂量的增加,分化作用减弱,与ATRA联合应用后,同样在低剂量时促进MCF-7细胞分化,并且出现脂滴的细胞数增加,脂滴增大,在高剂量时,分化作用亦有所减弱。RT—PCR结果表明,在两化合物的作用下,MCF-7细胞中PPARγ的表达升高,并使MCF-7细胞中与凋亡相关基因的表达发生变化．ROZ与ATRA联合应用具有协同作用,激活PPARγ,抑制MCF-7细胞增殖,诱导MCF-7细胞发生分化．     

Effect of Spatholobus suberectus Dunn on proliferation of progenitor cells in mice with bone marrow depression

AIM： To study the effect of Spatholobus suberectus Dunn on the prolilferation and hematonic mechanism of Spatholobus suberectus Dunn. Methods： The techniques of culture of hematopoietic cell and hematopoietic growth factor （HGF） assay were used. The method of semi-solid culture with methylcellulose of CFU-GM, CFU-E, BFU-E, CFU-Meg was adopted in bone marrow depressed mice which treated with Spatholobus suberectus Dunn for a long time. Results： Spatholobus suberectus Dunn could obviously promote the proliferation of bone morrow cells and spleen lymphocytes in healthy and anaemic mice. The cuhure medium of spleen cell, macrophage, lung and skeletal muscle treated with Spatholobus suberectus Dunn had much stronger stimulating effects on hematopoietic cells. The numbers of CFU-GM, CFU-E, BFU-E, CFU-Meg in bone marrow depressed mice were raised distinctly under the control of Spatholobus suberectus Dunn as compared with those of contrast group. Conclusions： Spatholobus suberectus Dunn may enhance hematopoiesis by stimulating directly and/or indirectly stroma cell in hematopoietic inductive microenvironment and muscle tissue to secrete some HGF （Epo, GM-CSF, IL, and MK-CSF）. It can promote the proliferation and differentiation of hematopoietic cells in anaemic mice. This is one of the biological mechanisms for hematonic effect of Spatholobus suberectus Dunn.