相转移催化合成正丁基苯基醚

相转移催化剂是一种良好的催化剂.评述了由聚乙二醇、季铵盐、三乙醇胺、聚氯乙烯固载聚乙二醇树脂、聚苯乙烯固载季铵盐树脂、聚苯乙烯固载吡啶树脂、聚苯乙烯固载多乙烯多胺树脂、聚苯乙烯固载三乙醇胺树脂、聚苯乙烯固载二乙醇胺树脂、聚氯乙烯固载多乙烯多胺树脂催化合成正丁基苯基醚的方法和高分子相转移催化剂的重复使用性能.     

高分子相转移催化剂在α-丁基苯乙腈合成中的应用

高分子相转移催化剂是一种良好的催化剂 .评述了聚苯乙烯固载聚乙二醇树酯、聚苯乙烯固载三乙醇胺树脂、聚笨乙烯固载吡啶树脂、聚氯乙烯固载吡啶树脂和聚苯乙烯固载三丁胺树脂催化合成α -丁基苯乙腈的方法     

硅胶固载钛酸酯的制备及其对酯化反应的催化研究

以四氯化钛和不同物质的量比的2-乙基己醇反应,然后与硅胶作用制备了硅胶固载化催化剂.合成条件用正交试验进行了优化.结果表明:最适宜反应条件为钛醇物质的量比为1∶3;反应温度120℃;反应时间2h;理论固载量为20%.测定了固载钛酸酯的钛含量,并用IR对固载催化剂进行了初步表征.以不同物质的量比固载催化剂进行了苯甲酸和2-乙基己醇酯化反应的催化研究,同时与未固载钛酸酯进行了对比,发现固载催化剂活性明显降低,其中以钛与醇物质的量比1∶2制得的固载催化剂效果较好.经5次催化剂重复使用试验,表明硅胶固载催化剂具有很好的稳定性,重复使用性能良好.     

固载相转移催化剂在扁桃酸合成中的三相催化作用

本文对固载聚乙二醇和固载季铵盐这两种三相相转移催化剂在扁桃酸合成中的催化作用进行了研究．研究结果表明,固载聚乙二醇和固载季铵盐对扁桃酸的合成均具有明显的催化效果．催化反应结束后,这两种催化剂还可以回收并加以重复使用,且重复使用性能良好     

β-(β′-氯乙氧基)苯乙醚的三相相转移催化合成

利用固载化聚乙二醇和固载化季铵盐作用三相相转移催化剂，以苯酚和β，β′-二氯二乙醚为原料合成了β-（β′-氯乙氧基）苯乙醚，该合成方法具有收率高，反应条件温和等优点，催化反应结束后，所用固载催化剂易于回收，且复重使用性能良好。     

活性炭固载磷钼钨杂多酸催化合成邻苯二甲酸二辛酯的研究

采用在80~90℃的水浴中蒸发水分的方法,用活性炭对磷钼钨杂多酸进行了固载.并利用所制备的活性炭固载型磷钼钨杂多酸催化剂,探讨了邻苯二甲酸二辛酯的合成反应条件.考察了杂多酸固载化条件、醇酸摩尔比、催化剂用量、反应温度、反应时间、带水剂用量对酯化反应的影响.在优化条件下回流反应,邻苯二甲酸二辛酯的收率为92.2%,催化剂可重复使用.     

高分子相转移催化剂在α—丁基苯乙腈合成中的应用

高分子相转移催化剂是一种良好的催化剂，评述了聚苯乙烯固载聚乙二醇树酯、聚苯乙烯固载三乙醇胺树脂、聚笨乙烯固载吡啶树脂、聚氯乙烯固载吡啶树脂和聚苯乙烯固载三丁胺树脂催化合成α－丁基苯乙腈的方法。     

固载化聚乙二醇的三相催化作用

本文对三相催化剂——固载聚乙二醇自首次合成并应用以来,国内外对其研究成果作一综述,主要侧重于固载化聚乙二醇的三相催化原理及其在有机合成中的应用等方面。     

α-苄基苯乙腈的三相相转移催化合成

利用固载化聚乙二醇－400作三相相转移催化剂，以氢氧化钾的水溶液作碱，从苯乙腈和苄基氯出发合成了苯乙腈的单烷基化物－α－苄基苯乙腈。该合成方法具有收率高、反应条件温和等优点，另外，在催化反应结束后，所用固载催化剂易于回收，且重复使用性能良好。     

辛烯氢甲酰化反应基础研究

研究气、液、固三相体系中,烯烃氢甲酰化反应同载催化剂的制备方法及影响因素.重点论述了固载铑催化剂的制备,包括对不同催化剂载体的优选及不同催化剂制备条件的研究.用不同方法进行催化剂制备并考察其催化反应的性能,最终确定合适的固载铑催化剂的制备方法.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to