供应链排序中的外包问题 (运筹学与控制论)

为了更好地将供应链排序和现实生活结合以体现其应用价值,文章研究了一类可以外包的供应链排序模型。外包即指为了提升效率,节省总费用,而采取将工件由其它制造商代替加工的现象。所有的工件均可以在制造商内部加工也可以进行外包加工,外包工件加工完成后必须分批运回制造商才算完工。所研究的模型中有一个制造商和一个外包商,制造商的加工环境为m台平行机,外包商为单台机器。因此在模型中要考虑外包费用、运输延迟以及运输费用,所要做的就是确定外包工件以及工件的加工顺序和外包工件的配送顺序。对于该问题,本文主要研究了目标函数分别为总完工时间、最大延迟以及误工总数的情形;分析了问题的复杂性,运用动态规划的技巧给出了最优算法且分析了算法的时间复杂性。     

带有安装时间以及可分批加工的供应链排序问题

研究了单制造商多客户的供应链排序问题;同一客户的工件可以分批进行加工,不同客户的工件不可以在一批中加工;当相邻的两批工件属于不同客户时则需要相应的安装时间.以生产和运输总费用最小为目标函数,建立了集成排序模型;分别用工件的加权总完工时间和最大延迟作为排序目标,采用动态规划的技巧给出了最优算法,并分析算法复杂性.     

带有安装时间和学习效应的供应链排序问题

考虑了机器带有安装时间和具有学习效应的单机供应链排序问题.在一条供应链系统中,有单个制造商和多个客户,不同的客户订购不同种类的工件,机器加工不同种类的工件前需要一个安装时间,且加工相同客户的工件时具有学习效应,即随着工件的加工后面工件的实际加工时间逐渐减小.完工的工件需要成批运输给相应的客户,每一批运输都有相应的时间和费用.目标是分别极小化加权最大配送时间、总配送时间、最大延迟时间与总运输费用的和.给出了相应的算法,并分析了算法的复杂性.     

带有安装时间的多制造商多客户的供应链排序问题

考虑了多制造商多客户的供应链排序问题.由于工件属于不同的种类,同一制造商在加工不同种类工件之前要有一个安装时间.由同一制造商为同一客户加工的工件可分批运输,每一批都有相应的运输时间和费用.以总加权配送时间和总运输费用之和作为优化的目标,给出了有效的动态规划算法,并证明了此算法是多项式可解的.     

基于成比例退化效应的单机供应链排序问题

研究具有退化效应的供应链排序问题.工件的实际加工时间是关于该工件开始时间的成比例线性增函数,工件在机器上加工完后被分批配送到相应的客户.两个目标分别是极小化总完工时间加总配送费用和极小化加权总完工时间加总配送费用.分别给出了两个问题最优序的性质,设计了动态规划算法并分析了算法的复杂性.     

带有准备时间的可拒绝供应链排序

考虑可拒绝排序中生产与配送的集成问题.有一个制造商和多个客户,不同的客户订购不同种类的工件.机器在加工不同种类的工件前要有一个准备时间.对于客户的工件制造商可以选择接受或拒绝加工,但当工件被拒绝时制造商需要支付相应的拒绝费用.每个工件有自己的工期并且生产完成后需要配送到相应的客户处,每一批配送需要花费一定的时间和费用.该文研究了排序理论中几个主要的目标函数,给出了相应的动态规划算法并分析了算法的复杂性.     

单机上考虑运输的退化工件的在线排序问题

研究了单台机器上工件具有可退化效应并考虑工件运输的在线排序问题.工件按时间在线到达.这些工件先在机器上加工,完工的工件再由一台运输车辆将其运送给顾客.排序问题的目标是最小化最大运输完工时间.对于所讨论的排序模型,给出了问题的下界并给出达到下界的最好可能的在线算法.     

带有学习效应的多客户配送的供应链排序问题

针对机器具有学习效应，且需要多客户配送的供应链排序模型。在这一模型中，机器上工件加工时学习效应会发生，工件的实际加工时间是与其位置相关的减函数。客户需要接纳与其对应的完工工件，每一批次的工件完工后完需要配送，然而配送都会花费一些时间以及费用。由于需要配送的大量客户，为了尽量节约资源，减少车次数量以及运输次数，所以运输车辆都要尽可能多的装载货物才开始运输。在针对一台运输车辆内装载有不超过两个客户的工件情况，研究的目标函数为极小化总流程时间和极小化最大延迟时间，并对这两个问题分别给出了相应的动态规划算法。
     

有安装时间的单机排序问题

工件具有安装时间的排序问题最近几年受到越来越多的关注,主要讨论了一类有安装时间且与加工位置有关的单机排序模型。在该模型中,所有工件在机器上加工时,一次只能加工一个工件,工件的相邻加工工序之间不允许出现空闲,工件的实际加工时间不是一成不变的,它不仅与工件的基本加工时间有关,同时还与工件所处的加工位置有关,工件的安装时间是依赖于已加工工件的实际加工时间的简单函数,即p-s-d形式。对目标函数为极小化最大完工时间,极小化完工时间和以及极小化总完工时间差等问题进行讨论,分别给出了多项式算法和算法复杂性。还证明了对于目标函数为完工时间,提前完工时间以及误工时间的加权和最小化问题是多项式可解的。     

工件可拒绝的分批配送问题研究

考虑工件可拒绝的分批配送问题:一个制造商为一个客户加工n个工件,每个工件既可以被接受加工,也可以被拒绝加工(但要支付拒绝费用),工件加工完之后要安排车辆运送给客户,完工时间为工件送达客户的时间.目标函数为被接受工件的总完工时间、总配送费用和被拒绝工件的总拒绝费用三者之和,文中对处理机为单机的情形给出了多项式时间算法,且证明了两台平行机的情形下该问题是NP-完备的,并给出了伪多项式时间算法.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

正~~     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to