赤水金钗石斛黑斑病菌生物学特性及防治研究

 对金钗石斛黑斑病菌的生物学特性、培养性状及形态等研究表明,病原菌为细极链格孢菌(Al-ternaria tenuissima).适宜菌丝生长的温度为5~35℃,最适温度为25℃,分生孢子萌发的温度范围为5~35℃,最适温度为25℃.光照对菌丝生长和孢子萌发无明显的影响.药效试验表明:10%苯醚甲环唑67μg/mL,64%恶霜灵1 607μg/mL对菌丝的抑菌率均为100%,90%乙磷铝的抑菌效果不明显.     

不同pH值的菌草培养基对4种真菌菌丝生长的影响

研究不同pH值的菌草培养基栽培平菇(Pleurotus ostreatus)、毛木耳(Auricularia polytricha)、香菇(Lentinus edodes)、灵芝(Ganoderma lucidum)菌丝生长情况.结果表明:平菇菌丝生长pH值适宜范围5～9,最适6～7,pH值为6时菌丝长速最快,为6.375mm/d;毛木耳菌丝生长pH值适宜范围5～9,最适7～6,pH值为7时菌丝长速最快,为3.600mm/d;香菇菌丝生长pH值适宜范围4～9,最适6～5,pH值为6时菌丝长速最快,为3.250mm/d;灵芝菌丝生长pH值适宜范围4～9,最适7～6,pH值为7时菌丝长速最快,为5.350mm/d;4种真菌菌丝均随酸性和碱性的增强,生长速度变慢,菌丝长势也变弱,在最适pH值条件下,4种菌丝的生长速度从快到慢依次为平菇、灵芝、毛木耳、香菇.     

白三叶草褐纹斑病病原菌生物学特性研究

从白三叶草褐纹斑病叶片上分离纯化得到病原菌束状匍柄霉[Stemphylium sarcinifoDne（Car．）Wiltsh．],并对该菌生物学特性进行研究。结果表明：病菌菌丝生长以燕麦片培养基（OA）为最适,适宜温度为15—30℃,最适温度为25％,最适pH值为8,菌丝致死温度为51℃（10min）,全光照菌丝生长最快;病菌分生孢子萌发最适温度为25℃,在pH值为7条件下萌发率最高,分生孢子致死温度为42℃（10min）,光照对孢子萌发影响不大。     

砂仁炭疽病病原菌生物学特性的研究

通过对砂仁炭疽病病原菌的生物学特性研究,结果表明：适宜的温度能促进砂仁炭疽病菌的菌丝生长和分生孢子萌发;菌丝生长的适宜pH值为5～7;以蔗糖和麦芽糖为菌丝生长的最适碳源,硝酸钙为最适氮源,分生孢子萌发的最适碳源是果糖;无硝酸钠和无蔗糖的条件下,菌丝生长不良,长势较差;相对湿度在95%以下时,分生孢子不萌发,在水膜条件下萌发较好;通气条件能促进菌丝的生长和分生孢子萌发;光照条件对菌丝生长的影响不明显,但连续光照易促进分生孢子的产生;菌丝和分生孢子的致死温度分别为52℃和55℃.     

药用真菌韦伯灵芝菌丝培养特性的研究

通过平板培养的方式,观测不同碳源、氮源、温度、起始pH值4个因素对韦伯灵芝菌丝生长的影响。结果表明,韦伯灵芝菌丝在营养利用方面,适宜生长的碳源为糊精,适宜生长的氮源为酵母粉;在环境适应方面,适宜生长的温度范围为28～32℃,生长的最适起始pH值是6。     

蛹虫草菌丝体液体培养条件研究

研究蛹虫草液体发酵条件,以干菌体得率为指标,通过单因素试验确定适宜的碳源、氮源、培养温度和pH值。结果表明,最适液体培养基为:葡萄糖20 g/L,蛋白胨5.0 g/L,最适pH=6.0,最适培养温度24℃。     

竹叶锈病重寄生菌赭红枝顶孢(Acremonium salmoneum)培养条件的研究

竹叶锈病是竹类主要病害之一,影响竹林生长。为了利用重寄生菌赭红枝顶孢(Acremoni-um salmoneum)对竹叶锈病进行生物防治,笔者研究了不同培养条件对重寄生菌生长的影响。结果表明:竹叶锈病重寄生菌赭红枝顶孢的最适生长培养基为ZPD培养基;甘露醇为最适碳源,最适氮源为KNO3;菌丝生长温度为8～30℃,最适温度为25℃;适宜pH为4～6,最适pH为5.0;光照对菌丝生长速率影响不大。该重寄生菌分生孢子萌发的最适温度为28℃,适宜pH为5～6,在水滴中萌发率最高。     

松树脂溃疡病菌生物学特性研究

松树脂溃疡病菌(Fusarium circinatum)在6种供试培养基上均能生长,以PDA培养基上生长最好,选择性培养基上生长最差。菌丝适宜生长温度范围为18～27℃,最适温度为24℃。在全黑暗环境下生长最好,光暗交替下次之,全光照下较差。适宜菌丝生长pH范围为 5～9,最适宜pH为80。在基本培养基上,以半乳糖为其最佳碳源,硝酸钠为最佳氮源,维生素对菌丝生长影响不明显。病菌分生孢子在包括无菌水在内的各种机质中均可萌发,营养以 5%葡萄糖为最好。分生孢子在15～35℃、相对湿度85%～100%以及pH 3～12内均可萌发。分生孢子萌发最适温度为25℃、最适pH为70,最适相对湿度为100%。黑暗、氧气充足环境有利于孢子萌发。菌丝、分生孢子致死温度分别为55 ℃和52℃.     

砂仁叶斑病病原菌生物学特性的研究

通过对砂仁叶斑病病原菌（Phyllosticta glycines Thum.）生物学特性的研究表明：适宜的温度和酸碱度有利于病菌的生长;病菌生长的温度范围为5～35℃,菌丝生长的最适p H值为7;孢子萌发的最适p H值为6;病菌菌丝在含淀粉和硝酸钙的Czapek培养基上生长最快;分生孢子萌发的最佳碳源是乳糖;菌丝对光照条件要求不严格,但紫外光能促进分生孢子的形成;无碳、氮源时,菌丝生长不良,长势差;RH95%以下时,分生孢子不能萌发;菌丝和分生孢子的致死温度为分别为55℃和60℃。     

白灵菇新品种栽培工艺的研究

白灵菇新品种一白灵菇A号菌株的栽培工艺进行了系统研究.研究结果表明,白灵菇-A号栽培主要生长条件为:菌丝生长最适温度20～24℃,pH值为6.5～7.5,培养基含水量65%,子实体生长适宜温度为8～18℃,空气相对湿度80～90%.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with