多壁碳纳米管促进的甲苯加氢脱芳高效Pt基催化剂

开发了一类以CNTs-γ-Al2O3复合材料为载体的高效催化甲苯加氢脱芳的Pt基催化剂.实验结果表明,适量添加少量的CNTs能显著提高Pt基催化剂催化甲苯加氢脱芳的活性.经组分优化的1.0%(质量分数)Pt/8%CNTs-γ-Al2O3催化剂上,在2.0MPa、363K、V(C7H8)∶V(H2)=1∶6.7、1 035L/(h·g)的反应条件下,甲苯转化率可达85.9%,时空收率为501.7g/(h·g),分别是相同条件下γ-Al2O3、CNTs、γ-Al2O3(商品)和SiO2负载催化剂上相应值(458.9、445.1、435.8和406.3g/(h·g))的1.09、1.13、1.15和1.24倍.进一步,联合多种谱学表征技术对催化剂进行表征,探讨CNTs对促进催化剂催化芳烃加氢的作用本质.研究结果表明,以CNTs-γ-Al2O3为载体的工作态Pt基催化剂上甲苯加氢脱芳的表观活化能与系列常规载体负载的参比体系上的相应值基本一致,表明少量CNTs的添加并不改变催化反应途径,但却提升了工作态催化剂表面具有催化活性的Pt0物种在表面总Pt量中所占比例;与γ-Al2O3负载的参比体系相比,CNTs-γ-Al2O3负载的Pt基催化剂增强的催化加氢活性可能源于CNTs对氢的适度吸附、活化及溢流性能.     

纳米Cu/γ-Al_2O_3催化剂制备与选择催化还原NO性能

采用NH4Al(SO4)2、NH4HCO3和NH3.H2O为原料沉淀制备γ-Al2O3,然后浸渍负载活性组分Cu2+,制成纳米Cu/γ-Al2O3催化剂,并考察其催化性能.SEM测试结果表明:制得的纳米Cu/γ-Al2O3催化剂粒径均小于100 nm.活性测试结果表明:在pH值为8.5时制备的γ-Al2O3负载上3%Cu2+的纳米Cu/γ-Al2O3催化剂性能最佳,在275℃时能使NO的转化率达到82.3%,与普通Cu/γ-Al2O3催化剂相比较,最佳活性温度降低了25℃,NO最大转化率提高了31.8%.     

烟气直接还原脱硫催化剂研究

实验考察了Cr2O3、MoO3、WO3三种单组分氧化物催化剂，以及四种不同催化载体对SO2直接催化还原的影响，结果表明它们的活性相差很大，WO3的活性最差，MoO3的活性最高；具有酸碱双功能的γ-Al2O3载体是催化脱硫的最佳载体．此外，制备了三种双组分金属氧化物负载催化剂，其催化脱硫活性顺序是：Mo—Co／γ-Al2O3＞Mo—Fe／γ-Al2O3＞Mo—No／γ-Al2O3；Mo—Co双组分催化比单组分MoO3具有优越性，在250—400℃范围内，SO2脱除率达90％以上，不仅催化脱硫活性比较高，而且催化剂不易失活．     

Cu/Ce-Zr-La/γ-Al_2O_3的制备及其三效催化性能

将AlNH4(SO4)2溶液滴入到NH4HCO3和PEG6000的混合溶液中,用沉淀法制备γ-Al2O3载体.然后用等体积浸渍法分别负载上Ce-Zr-La以及活性组分Cu,制备催化剂Cu/Ce-Zr-La/γ-Al2O3.考察该催化剂的三效催化性能,并借助扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X-射线衍射(XRD)、热重分析(TG)等方法研究催化剂活性与结构的关系.实验结果表明:Cu/Ce-Zr-La/γ-Al2O3具有良好的三效催化性能,NO、CO和C3H6的起燃温度都较低,分别为250℃、150℃和300℃;CeO2-ZrO2对载体γ-Al2O3和活性组分Cu具有稳定作用,避免了CuAl2O4尖晶石相的生成;La能够显著提高催化剂的热稳定性.     

合成噻吩的催化剂制备

对噻吩催化剂K2O-Cr2O3/γ-Al2O3的制备进行研究．分析了以正丁醇和二硫化碳为原料合成噻吩时，催化剂的制备方法、碱质量含量和铬质量含量等对催化剂性能的影响．以γ—Al2O3为载体，采用分步等体积浸渍法，依次吸附铬酸和硝酸钾，制得的催化剂性能较好，且具有很好的重现性．当载体粒度为40～60目时，活性组分Cr2O3的质量分数为4．17％，助剂K2O质量分数为4.9％，制得的催化剂单程寿命为20h，噻吩收率为53．7％，超过了国外同类产品42％的收率。     

复合载体对Ni基甲烷化催化剂性能的影响

通过对Ni基甲烷化催化剂的不同复合载体进行研究发现:与纯γ-Al2O3载体相比,由ZrO2,MgO,SiO2,TiO2与γ-Al2O3复合形成的复合载体,均对CO甲烷化催化性能有一定影响,而以γ-Al2O3/MgO,γ-Al2O3/SiO2两种复合型载体对CO甲烷化活性和选择性促进最为明显。同时,γ-Al2O3/MgO复合载体表现出良好的热稳定性,催化剂活性衰减小。     

丙酮气相一步合成3,5-二甲基苯酚

采用浸渍法制备了K2O-MgO/γ-Al2O3催化剂,在固定床连续反应器上考查了MgO负载量对丙酮一步合成3,5-二甲基苯酚的催化性能的影响;并且,通过XRD(X-RayDiffraction)和N2-TPD对催化剂进行了表征。结果表明,在H2保护下,反应温度480℃,压力5.51625×105Pa,空速2.4h-1条件下,3wt%K2O-10wt%MgO/γ-Al2O3具有较好的催化效果,丙酮单程转化率为67.73%,3,5-二甲基苯酚选择性达34.45%。XRD图谱表明,尖晶石MgAl2O4的形成对3,5-二甲基苯酚的选择性有一定的影响,且K2O能中和γ-Al2O3表面的酸中心,使活性组分更好地分散于载体上。N2-TPD结果表明,催化剂比表面积的增加,有利于催化剂与反应物的充分接触,可提高目标产物3,5-二甲基苯酚的选择性。     

SO_2对NO催化氧化过程的影响 I.载体的作用

研究了载体在 SO2 影响 NO催化氧化过程中的作用 ,考察了反应温度为 42 3 K时 ,γ-Al2 O3、Zr O2 、Ti O2 和 Si O2 4种载体及其负载的 Pt催化剂对 NO的氧化性能 ,与 SO2 存在下的 NO反应活性相比 ,只有 γ-Al2 O3及其负载的 Pt催化剂上存在 SO2 促进 NO氧化的现象。运用 BET、XRD、IR及固体酸度测定等多种表征手段 ,对不同载体在反应前后的化学结构和表面性质进行了分析 ,并与反应过程相联系 ,证实 SO2 的吸附改变了γ-Al2 O3的表面结构 ,有利于产物 NO2 的脱附 ;而对 SO2 吸附能力较弱的其他载体或催化剂 ,SO2 的影响则不同     

萘与异丙醇在γ-Al2O3负载的磷钨酸催化剂上烷基化

以无水乙醇为溶剂、γ-Al2O3为载体,采用过量浸渍法制备了一系列磷钨杂多酸(PW)催化剂,用XRD,NH3-TPD等手段对其物化性质进行了表征,并考察该类催化剂在萘与异丙醇的烷基化反应中的催化性能.结果表明,PW负载质量分数达到40%仍高度分散于γ-Al2O3表面,此时催化剂呈现较高的活性(萘转化率71.7%)和β,β′位选择性(82.7%),低负载量有利于2,6-DIPN的生成.该催化剂的适宜活化温度和反应温度分别为573 K和473 K.     

微波法制备固体碱催化肉桂醛合成反应

用微波法制备了固体碱催化剂KF/γ-Al2O3,MgO/γ-Al2O3、KF/NaY和MgO/NaY，并以苯甲醛与乙醛合成肉桂醛为目标反应测试催化性能，同时考察了负载化，反应时间以及催化剂制备方法对反应的影响，结果表明上述催化剂中以KF/γ-Al2O3的活性最好，该催化剂的最佳负载比为25%（质量比）；与浸渍法和焙烧法相比，微波法制备的KF/γ-Al2O3催化性能要好得多。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.