非Noether环的完备化方法

设R是交换环,M是R-模,I是R的有限生成理想,满足∩∞n=0In=0,R^是R的I-adic完备化,M^是M的I-adic完备化.证明了若R是凝聚环,则R^是平坦R-模,且若I(∈)J(R),则R^还是忠实平坦R-模.由此证明了若R^(×)RM是有限生成(有限表现或有限生成投射)的R^-模,则M是有限生成(有限表现或有限生成投射)R-模.最后用Swan的方法证明了若R是凝聚整环,u∈J(R)是素元,∩∞n=0(un)=0,M是不可分解的有限生成投射R-模,则M/uM是不可分解的投射R/(u)-模.     

关于半完全环上的投射模的一些研究

刻画了半完全环上的投射模,同时得到了关于半完全环上投射模的一些结果,如R是一个半完全环,那么每一个投射左R-模的任一不可分解的分解补极大直和项:每个有限生成的投射左R-模是一个非投射模的投射盖,总结和扩张了关于半完全环上的投射模的一些结果。     

MFG整环上的ε-算子和几乎投射模

设R是MFG整环,S表示R的极大理想生成的乘法系.R-模M称为几乎投射模,是指对任何无挠的ε-模N,Ext1R(M,N)是S-挠模.证明了ε-有限生成模M是几乎投射模当且仅当对R的任何次极大素理想P,MP是自由RP-模.同时证明了ε-有限生成的几乎投射模是ε-有限表现模,ε-有限生成的几乎投射的ε-模一定是自反模.     

UP整环上的u-有限表现型模

设R是UP整环.定义了u-有限型模和u-有限表现型模.证明了若M是u-有限型R-模,则有如下等价刻画:M是u-有限表现型模当且仅当存在u-正合列0→N→F→M→0,其中N是u-有限型R-模,F是有限生成投射R-模;当且仅当对任何u-正合列0→C→P→M→0,其中P是有限生成投射R-模,则C是u-有限型R-模;当且仅当存在u-正合列0→A→B→M→0,其中A是u-有限型R-模,B是u-有限表现型R-模.     

环变换下的D_c-投射模及其维数

在环R的优越扩张和局部化上研究相对于半对偶R-模C的Ding-投射模(即Dc-投射模)及其维数.证明了在环R的优越扩张S上,M是Dc-投射R-模当且仅当S×RM是DS×RC-投射S-模;M的Dc-投射维数等于S×RM的DS×RC-投射维数.     

关于Hom函子与Tensor函子的投射盖

设R,T是交换环,P是有限生成投射R-模,M,X是R-T双模,得到了若M是X的T-投射盖,则HomR(P,M)是HomR(P,X)的T-投射盖;而当T是R-代数时,则P RM是P RX的T-投射盖.作为所得结果的应用,对半完全环与完全环进行了新的刻画.特别地,证明了若φi:Pi→Mi是R-模同态,且(iPi,iφi)是iMi的投射盖,则(Pi,φi)是Mi的投射盖.     

拟Abel环

设R是一个环,M是双R-模.若对每个e∈E(R),有eR(1-e)Me=eM(1-e)Re=0,则称M为拟Abel模,这里E(R)表示R的幂等元集合.若R-双模R是拟Abel的,则称R为拟Abel环.证明了如下结果:①R为拟Abel环当且仅当对任意的a∈N(R),e∈E(R),ea=0蕴涵eRae=0,这里N(R)表示R的幂零元集合;②R为Abel环当且仅当R为幂零自反环和拟Abel环;③设σ为环R的环自同态映射且满足条件: e∈E(R),σ(e)=e,则R为拟Abel环当且仅当R(σ)为拟Abel模.     

模的投射覆盖、内射包络与局部环

利用环模理论和同调代数的方法,研究了模的投射覆盖、内射包络与局部环之间的关系.设Q是一个投射-内射左R-模.证明了如果同态f:Q→X是非投射模_RX的投射覆盖且自同态环End(_RX)为局部环,那么包含同态i:Kerf→Q为Kerf的内射包络;如果同态f:Y→Q是非内射模_RY的内射包络且自同态环End(_RY)为局部环,那么标准投射π:Q→Cokerf为Cokerf的投射覆盖.结果表明,模的投射覆盖、内射包络与局部环之间有着密切的联系.     

关于FT-投射与自内射环

设R是环,称左R-模P为FT-投射模,是指对任何有有限投射分解的左R-模M,都有Ext_R~1(P,M)=0.证明R是左自内射环,当且仅当任何左R-模都是FT-投射模.     

关于拟WGP-内射模

定义了拟WGP-内射模,给出了拟WGP-内射模的一些刻画及性质。设R为环,M是右R-模,S=End(M),证明了MR是一个右拟WGP-内射模当且仅当对于任意的0≠a∈S,存在0≠c∈S,使得ac≠0且lS(ker(ac))=Sac;设M是右拟WGP-内射的自生成子,S半素,则S的每个极大核是M的直和项;设MR是右拟WGP-内射模,对于S的任意右一致元u,Au={s∈S|kers∩u(M)≠0}是包含ls(u(M))的一个极大左理想,从而推广了WGP-内射环的一些结果。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.