磨碎玻璃纤维/聚氨酯/环氧灌封材料的形态结构与力学性能

采用真空灌注工艺,制备磨碎玻璃纤维(MG)／聚氨酯(PU)／环氧(EP)灌封材料,并对其力学性能和微观结构进行研究。研究结果表明:随着PU含量的增加,PU／EP共混聚合物的拉伸和冲击强度呈先升后降的变化趋势。当PU含量为15％时,共混聚合物的综合力学性能最佳,拉伸强度为60．57 MPa,冲击强度为23．56 kJ／m2,与EP相比分别提高32．77％和115％。为进一步提高材料的强度,并保持良好韧性,采用添加MG的方法来增强PU／EP。当MG与EP的质量比为1:1时,材料的拉伸强度达到79．72 MPa,与PLJ／EP相比提高31．95％,而冲击强度为17．83 kJ／m2,仍保持较高水平;同时,与相同含量的活性硅微粉相比增强PU／EP材料的拉伸强度和冲击强度分别提高18．91％和11．51％。     

Enhancement of the thermal and mechanical properties of polyurethane/ polyvinyl chloride blend by loading single walled carbon nanotubes

Structural, thermal, and mechanical properties of pure blend and nanocomposites based on polyurethane (PU) and polyvinyl chloride (PVC) doped with low different content of single walled-carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) were studied. The nanocomposites at different concentration were prepared via casting technique. The interaction between PU/PVC and CNTs were examined via FT-IR studies. The changes in the structures of the nanocomposites were examined using X- Ray Diffraction (XRD), and the results indicated that the amorphous domains of nanocomposites increased with increasing SWCNTs content. Transmission electron microscope (TEM) observation indicated that SWCNTs surface was wrapped with the polymer with the thermal properties of nanocomposites improved. The mechanical behavior of the nanocomposites was evaluated as a function of SWCNTs content. The main enhancement in tensile properties was observed, e.g., the tensile strength and elastic modulus increased compared with the pure blend, which may be attributed to the interaction and adhesion between CNTs and the polymer matrices due to the hydrogen bonding between carbonyl groups (C=O) of polymer blend chains and carboxylic acid (COOH) groups of CNTs.     

细菌纤维素增强环氧树脂透明复合材料的制备与性能

通过2种不同细菌纤维素添加方式,采用模压成型的方法制备细菌纤维素／环氧树脂（BC／EP）透明复合材料,研究了复合材料的微观形态、力学性能、动态热机械性能以及透明性能．结果表明：对于BC添加方式I制得的样品,BC可以同时增强增韧EP,随着BC含量增加,复合材料的拉伸强度和断裂伸长率逐渐增大,与纯EP相比,BC质量分数为55％的复合材料的拉伸强度和断裂伸长率分别提高4倍和11倍;对于BC添加方式Ⅱ制得的样品,BC的高强度高弹性模量及其与EP界面强烈相互作用,提高了BC／EP复合材料的弹性模量,BC的网络结构阻碍了EP的固化交联,从而降低其交联密度,使得EP玻璃化转变温度降低;BC／EP复合材料的断面显示纤维状的韧性断裂特征,表面显示均匀分布且面内取向的BC纳米网络结构,因而复合材料的力学性能显著提高;BC干膜透明性较差,BC／EP复合材料的透明性比BC干膜显著提高．     

三维编织炭纤维增强环氧树脂复合材料的吸湿特性

为了研究三维编织复合材料的吸湿行为,利用树脂传递模塑（RTM）工艺制备了三维编织炭纤维增强环氧树脂（C3D／EP）复合材料．通过吸水实验,研究了该材料的吸湿规律、温度对吸湿的影响以及吸湿过程中复合材料力争陛能的变化．结果表明：C3D／EP复合材料吸湿初期符合Fick扩散定律,但整个吸湿行为可用Sigmoidal曲线来描述;温度可加速C3D/EP复合材料的吸湿速率,并使平衡吸湿量提高;在吸湿过程中,C3D／EP复合材料的弯曲强度随吸湿时间的延长而下降,先快后慢,与吸湿曲线相对应,而且温度越高,下降越明显,表明吸湿量的大小决定了力学性能的降低程度．     

纳米二氧化钛/聚丙烯复合材料的结晶及抗紫外性能研究

利用熔体共混方式制备了纳米TiO2/聚丙烯(PP)复合材料,研究了复合材料的结晶特性、力学性能和抗紫外性能.结果发现:纳米TiO2对聚丙烯有一定的结晶成核作用,填充纳米TiO2的改性PP的球晶尺寸明显小于纯PP;复合材料具有良好的力学性能;随着纳米TiO2含量的增大,复合材料对紫外光的屏蔽效果越强.     

高性能TDE-85/E-51环氧树脂的聚氨酯增韧改性

以混合芳胺为固化剂,通过聚氨酯（Pu）对4,5-环氧环己烷-1,2-二甲酸二缩水甘油酯（TDE-85）与二酚基丙烷缩水甘油醚（E-51）环氧树脂的混合树脂体系的改性,制备了高性能聚氨酯改性环氧树脂（PU／EP）。通过红外光谱图、扫描电镜（SEM）、热重（TG）分析及力学性能的表征讨论PU／EP体系的结构与性能特征。研究结果表明：PU和EP分子链之间存在着化学接枝反应,能有效地改善PU／EP体系中PU和EP分子间的相容性及相互贯穿;与TDE-85与E-51的混和环氧树脂比,PU改性TDE-85与E-51的混和环氧树脂仍然具有很强的耐热性能,并且冲击强度、拉伸强度均获得显著提高;PU／EP体系断口裂纹呈明显的韧性断裂特征,说明TDE-85与E-51的混和环氧树脂PU改性增韧效果明显。     

有机累托石/环氧树脂纳米复合材料制备及其流变性能研究

采用自制离子液体型累托石,用熔融插层法制备有机累托石/环氧树脂/桐油酸酐纳米复合材料。分别用XRD、DSC、旋转流变仪对复合材料的微观结构、固化动力学和流变性能进行测试。结果表明,有机累托石含量较低时在环氧树脂基体中形成了剥离型纳米复合材料;有机累托石的加入,降低了环氧树脂/桐油酸酐体系固化反应的活化能和频率因子,但环氧树脂/桐油酸酐体系的固化反应不是简单的一元反应,有机累托石的加入并不改变其固化反应机理;随着有机累托石含量的增加,环氧树脂/桐油酸酐体系的黏流活化能逐渐增大。     

聚丙烯与聚氨酯共混物结晶的研究

本文用解偏振光强度测定(DLI)、差示扫描量热(DSC)、偏光显微镜(PLM)及激光小角散射(SALS)等方法研究了聚丙烯(PP)与聚氯酯(PU)共混物的等温结晶动力学及其结晶形态。结果表明,共混物中PP的结晶过程可由Avrami方程很好地描述;Avrami指数n及全程结晶速率常数均与组成有关。部分非晶的PU作为成核剂参与PP的结晶过程;当PU含量高于20％时,由于其聚集成较大的颗粒,而对结晶起阻碍作用,PP的球晶形态也受到破坏。     

FeZrNbB合金的磁性能研究

采用单辊快淬法制备Fe81Zr9-xNbxB10(x=2,4,6)系非晶合金,并对该系非晶合金进行不同温度热处理.利用X射线衍射(XRD)和振动样品磁强计(VSM)测试合金的结构和磁性能.实验表明,α-Fe铁磁相析出的起始晶化温度随Nb含量的增加而升高.快淬态合金的比饱和磁化强度(Ms)随Nb含量的增加而减小.三种合金的Ms均随退火温度的升高而增大,这与铁磁和反铁磁的交换耦合作用有关.     

聚氨酯／石墨烯纳米复合物的制备、力学及温度-电阻率行为研究

采用改进的hummers法,并以NaBH4还原制得还原石墨烯（RGO）．以蓖麻油（CO）和2,4-甲苯二异氰酸酯（2,4-TDI）为原料合成蓖麻油基聚氨酯预聚体．利用原位聚合法将聚氨酯预聚体与还原石墨烯反应（不完全还原）,制得不同石墨烯含量的聚氨酯／石墨烯纳米复合物．采用x线衍射、傅里叶变换红外光谱、拉曼光谱、热重分析以及力学和热-电阻特性测试对复合物薄膜的结构和性能进行研究．实验结果显示聚氨酯／石墨烯复合物薄膜具有优良的热力学性能,特别是当石墨烯质量分数为1．5％时,聚氨酯／石墨烯纳米复合物出现正的电阻率-温度效应（PTC效应）．     

PET/SiO_2纳米复合材料的力学性能和结晶性能研究

采用熔融共混法,将纳米二氧化硅(SiO2)添加到聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)中,制备出PET/SiO2纳米复合材料,并对其力学和结晶性能进行研究。结果表明,添加微量纳米SiO2能显著提高PET材料的力学性能,纳米SiO2添加量为0.2质量份数时,纳米SiO2在PET基体中分散均匀,复合材料综合力学性能最佳,与纯PET相比,PET/SiO2纳米复合材料的缺口冲击强度、拉伸强度、弯曲强度和弯曲弹性模量分别提高了18%,20%,11%,14%;随着纳米SiO2添加量的增加,PET/SiO2纳米复合材料的结晶度和结晶温度有明显的提高。     

干湿交替对砂岩断裂特性影响试验研究

周期性的水岩相互作用对岩石的物理力学性能有较大的影响,被认为是影响岩土工程安全稳定性的重要因素之一。以典型的均质青砂岩为试验对象,利用中心裂纹圆盘试件开展了砂岩I~II复合型断裂试验,研究了干湿交替作用对砂岩I~II复合型断裂特性的影响;通过观测干湿交替后砂岩微观结构的变化特征,探讨了干湿交替作用的劣化机理;并结合复合型断裂则对试验结果进行了有效评估。研究表明,砂岩的纯I型,纯II型以及I~II复合型断裂韧度均随着干湿交替次数的增加而逐渐减小;其劣化趋势基本一致,但劣化程度略有不同。当加载角较大或II型分量主导时,干湿交替作用对砂岩断裂韧度的劣化影响更为显著。考虑了T应力影响的广义最大周向应变准则和广义最大周向应力准则都能对试验结果进行很好的预测。在纯II型时,基于广义最大周向应变准则的理论预测值比基于广义最大周向应力准则的理论值更接近试验值。     

Cellulose nanocrystals as green fillers to improve crystallization and hydrophilic property of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate)

The green nanocomposites of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV) with various cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) contents were prepared by solution casting method. The effects of CNCs on the crystallization behavior, spherulitic morphology, crystal structure and hydrophilic property of PHBV were studied by differential scanning calorimeter (DSC), polarized optical microscope (POM), wide-angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD) and static water contact angle measurement. It is found that the CNCs act as an effective nucleation agent for crystallization of PHBV, inducing an increase in the melt crystallization temperature of the nanocomposites. A study of the non-isothermal crystallization kinetics further illustrated that overall crystallization rate of PHBV in the nanocomposites was faster than that of neat PHBV, but exhibited a decrease in the crystallinity and the spherulite size of PHBV. Furthermore, the contact angle decreased from 60.1° for neat PHBV to 32.5° for the nanocomposites with 10% CNCs (mass fraction).     

Effect of Cu on dehydrogenation and thermal stability of amorphous Mg-Ce-Ni-Cu alloys

The alloying element component is very crucial in improving the hydrogen storage performance of amorphous alloys.In this work,quaternary amorphous Mg_(70-x)Ce_(10)Ni_(20)Cu_x(x=3,7.5,10)alloys were prepared by meltspinning and the effect of Cu on hydrogenation and dehydrogenation were investigated in comparison with the Mg_(70-x)Ce_(10)Ni_(20)amorphous alloys.The initial hydrogenation kinetics of amorphous Mg_(70-x)Ce_(10)Ni_(20)Cu_x(x=0,3,7.5,10)was improved with the increase of Cu content according to the kinetics measured at a temperature below crystallization temperature.As hydrogen is absorbed,an amorphous-amorphous transition occurred,and relatively high Cu content would lead to phase separation in the hydrogenation process.Amorphous phase have much higher crystallization temperature after it absorbs hydrogen and the addition of Cu could increase the crystallization activation energy of amorphous hydrides.In addition,the increase of Cu content could reduce the dehydrogenation temperature of amorphous hydrides,which gives a significant indication for future improving research of the hydrogen desorption performance of Mg based amorphous hydrides.     

玻璃组成对CaO-Al2O3-SiO2系玻璃烧结、晶化和性能的影响

采用烧结法制备以钙长石为主晶相的微晶玻璃.采用差热分析(DTA)、X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)和性能测试研究玻璃组成对玻璃的烧结、晶化特性和性能的影响.结果表明:随着CaO含量的增加,玻璃转变温度和析晶放热峰温度逐渐降低,而且析晶放热峰变得尖锐;增加氧化钙降低玻璃的析晶活化能,有利于玻璃的析晶;随着SiO2量的增加,玻璃转变温度和析晶放热峰温度移向高温,使玻璃的析晶困难;玻璃样品的烧结温度随CaO含量的增加而降低, 但过多的CaO促进硅酸钙的析出,增加样品的介电常数和热膨胀系数;增加SiO2能够降低微晶玻璃样品的热膨胀系数,改善其介电性能;所制备的微晶玻璃具有相对密度高(≥98.3%),介电常数适中(6.9～7.5),介电损耗低(≤0.1%),热膨胀系数低(3.8×10-6～4.5×10-6 /℃),烧结温度(900～1 000 ℃)低,及介电常数温度稳定性低(66×10-6～113×10-6 /℃).     

Preparation and structural characterization of polystyrene-rectorite nanocomposites

0　IntroductionInrecentyears,polymerlayeredsilicate(PLS)nanocompositeshaveabstractedgreatinterest.Theyhaveatleastoneultra finedimension ,typicallyontheorderof1to10nm .Thestruc turesofPLSnanocompositescanbebroadlydividedintotwotypes:intercalatednanocomposites,inwhichthesilicateiswell dispersedinapolymermatrixwithpolymerchainsinsertedintosilicatelayers,andexfoliatednanocompositeswherethesilicateplateletsbecomefullyseparatedordelaminated .Becauseofthein terfacialeffectbetweenthesilicatelayersa…     

Cellulose nanocrystals as green fillers to improve crystallization and hydrophilic property of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate)

The green nanocomposites of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hyd roxyvalerate) (PHBV) with various cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) contents were prepared by solution casting method. Th e effects of CNCs on the crystallization behavior, spherulitic morphology, crystal structure and hydrophilic property of PHBV were studied by differential scanning calorimeter (DSC), polarized optical microscope (POM), wide-angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD) and static water contact angle measurement. It is found that the CNCs act as an effective nucleation agent for crystallization of PHBV, inducing an increase in the melt crystallization tempera ture of the nanocomposites. A study of the non-isothermal crystallizatio n kinetics further illustrated that overall crystallization rate of PHBV in the nanocomposites was faster than that of neat PHBV, but exhibited a decrease in the crystallinity and the spherulite size of PHBV. Furthermore, the contact angle decreased from 60.1° for neat PHBV to 32.5° for the nanocomposites with 10% CNCs (mass fraction).     

PVDF基复合材料的制备及热学性质研究

采用溶液法制备了以聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF)为基体,多壁碳纳米管(MWNTs)和纳米二氧化锆(Zr O2)为填料的纳米复合材料。利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、差示扫描量热法(DSC)和X射线衍射仪(XRD)对复合材料的表面形貌、热学行为和结晶度分别进行了观察和研究。结果表明,多壁碳纳米管和纳米二氧化锆对材料的热力学行为都有影响。填料含量较少时能起到诱导结晶作用,随着纳米填料粒子含量的增加异相形核作用有所下降。当两种填料同时加入时,其诱导结晶作用增强。     

聚乙烯醇／聚氨酯共混薄膜制备及性能研究

采用流延成膜的方法制备了聚乙烯醇（PVA）／聚氨酯（PU）共混薄膜．当PU摩尔分数小于10％时，可得均一连续的共混膜．通过扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、原子力显微镜（AFM）、示差扫描量热仪（DSC）、拉伸测试及表面接触角测试等手段对PVA／PU共混膜的形貌及性能进行了研究．实验结果表明，PU可以与PVA形成分子间氢键，破坏了PVA分子内及分子间氢键，进而改善PVA薄膜的性能．     

PMMA/MT纳米复合材料的研究

用烷基铵盐对钠基蒙脱土进行有机化处理,使其成为有机蒙脱土.X射线衍射(XRD)表明有机阳离子同钠离子发生离子交换作用,导致层间距扩大.制备了聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯/蒙脱土纳米复合材料,测试了力学性能、阻燃性能.通过XRD、DSC等手段研究了结构与性能,并与纯PMMA进行了对比.实验结果表明:PMMA可以插层于蒙脱土片层之中,得到共混物的力学性能和耐热性都有所提高.